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Le 1:1-17.
简体中文
英語原文
Le 1:1-17.
BURNT OFFERINGS OF THE HERD.
1. the Lord . . . spake . . . out of the tabernacle--The laws that are contained in the previous record were delivered either to the people publicly from Sinai, or to Moses privately, on the summit of that mountain; but on the completion of the tabernacle, the remainder of the law was announced to the Hebrew leader by an audible voice from the divine glory, which surmounted the mercy seat.
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简体中文
2. 你晓谕以色列人，对他们说——若所传达的事是属世性质，利未人不在其列；但若是属灵的事，则所有支派都包含在这一名称之下（De 27:12）。
你们中间若有人献供物给耶和华——此处所给的指示，仅关乎自愿或乐意的供物——也就是在那些因有常设而普遍之义务、不可豁免或以他种祭物替代的祭物之外，额外献上的（Ex 29:38; Le 23:37; Nu 28:3, 11-27 等）。
供物要从牛群羊群中献等——即那些不仅驯良、无辜、温驯，而且适合作食物的动物。这条规定排除了马、狗、猪、骆驼和驴——这些被一些外邦民族用作祭牲——以及猛兽猛禽，还有兔与鹿。
英語原文
2. Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them--If the subject of communication were of a temporal nature, the Levites were excluded; but if it were a spiritual matter, all the tribes were comprehended under this name
(De 27:12).
If any man of you bring an offering unto the Lord--The directions given here relate solely to voluntary or freewill offerings--those rendered over and above such, as being of standing and universal obligation, could not be dispensed with or commuted for any other kind of offering
(Ex 29:38; Le 23:37; Nu 28:3, 11-27,
&c.).
bring your offering of the cattle, &c.--that is, those animals that were not only tame, innocent and gentle, but useful and adapted for food. This rule excluded horses, dogs, swine, camels, and asses, which were used in sacrifice by some heathen nations, beasts and birds of prey, as also hares and deers.
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简体中文
3. 燔祭——如此称呼，是因为它全然在祭坛上烧尽；祭司或献祭者都不可吃其中任何一部分。它设立的目的是为平息因原罪或某些具体过犯所惹动的神的忿怒；其完全的烧尽，表明献祭者将自己全然奉献——他的全人——身体与灵魂——都是构成蒙神悦纳之祭所必需的（Ro 12:1; Php 1:20）。这是最古老也是最为显著的献祭方式。
没有残疾的公——任何有畸形或缺陷的动物都不许献上。在埃及人中，祭司会进行仔细的检验；公牛被宣布为完全之后，会用蜡把一份证明系在它的角上，并盖上他的印章，不可用别的代替。以色列的祭司似乎也采用了类似的检验所献走兽状况的程序（Joh 6:27）。
在会幕门口——燔祭坛就在那里（Ex 40:6）。任何其他地点都在最严厉的刑罚下被禁止（Le 17:4）。
英語原文
3. a burnt sacrifice--so called from its being wholly consumed on the altar; no part of it was eaten either by the priests or the offerer. It was designed to propitiate the anger of God incurred by original sin, or by particular transgressions; and its entire combustion indicated the self-dedication of the offerer--his whole nature--his body and soul--as necessary to form a sacrifice acceptable to God
(Ro 12:1; Php 1:20).
This was the most ancient as well as the most conspicuous mode of sacrifice.
a male without blemish--No animal was allowed to be offered that had any deformity or defect. Among the Egyptians, a minute inspection was made by the priest; and the bullock having been declared perfect, a certificate to that effect being fastened to its horns with wax, was sealed with his ring, and no other might be substituted. A similar process of examining the condition of the beasts brought as offerings, seems to have been adopted by the priests in Israel
(Joh 6:27).
at the door of the tabernacle--where stood the altar of burnt offering
(Ex 40:6).
Every other place was forbidden, under the highest penalty
(Le 17:4).
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简体中文
4. 按手在燔祭牲的头上——这是一个具有象征意义的举动，不仅表明献祭者将动物献给神，也表明他承认自己知罪，并祈求他的罪咎及其刑罚可以转移到这祭牲身上。
就可以——译作"使它成为蒙悦纳的赎罪祭"更为准确。
英語原文
4. shall put his hand upon the head--This was a significant act which implied not only that the offerer devoted the animal to God, but that he confessed his consciousness of sin and prayed that his guilt and its punishment might be transferred to the victim.
and it shall be--rather, "that it may be an acceptable atonement."
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简体中文
5. 人要在耶和华面前宰杀公牛——动物应由献祭者宰杀，而不是祭司，因为在自愿献的祭中，宰杀并非祭司的职责；不过到了后来时期，这一工作通常由利未人执行。
在耶和华面前——即按手在动物头上的地方，在祭坛的北边。
洒血——这要由祭司来做。血既被视为生命，流血便是献祭的关键部分；而洒血——即应用赎罪——使献祭者的人和他所献的事奉蒙神悦纳。剥去皮、将胴体切块之后，各部分便以最有利于被火烧尽的方式陈设在祭坛上。
英語原文
5. he shall kill the bullock--The animal should be killed by the offerer, not by the priest, for it was not his duty in case of voluntary sacrifices; in later times, however, the office was generally performed by Levites.
before the Lord--on the spot where the hands had been laid upon the animal's head, on the north side of the altar.
sprinkle the blood--This was to be done by the priests. The blood being considered the life, the effusion of it was the essential part of the sacrifice; and the sprinkling of it--the application of the atonement--made the person and services of the offerer acceptable to God. The skin having been stripped off, and the carcass cut up, the various pieces were disposed on the altar in the manner best calculated to facilitate their being consumed by the fire.
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简体中文
8. 脂油——尤指腰部的脂油，即所谓"板油"。
英語原文
8. the fat--that about the kidneys especially, which is called "suet."
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简体中文
9. 但脏与腿要用水洗等——这一部分礼仪象征蒙悦纳的敬拜者当有的内在纯洁与圣洁的行事。
献给耶和华为馨香的火祭——这是献祭者敬虔的表达，但尤其是作为基督献祭的预表。
英語原文
9. but his inwards and his legs shall he wash in water, &c.--This part of the ceremony was symbolical of the inward purity, and the holy walk, that became acceptable worshippers.
a sweet savour unto the Lord--is an expression of the offerer's piety, but especially as a sacrificial type of Christ.
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简体中文
10-13. 人的供物若以羊为燔祭——无力负担公牛之费的人，可献公绵羊或公山羊，献祭时所遵的礼仪相同。
英語原文
10-13. if his offering be of the flocks--Those who could not afford the expense of a bullock might offer a ram or a he-goat, and the same ceremonies were to be observed in the act of offering.
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简体中文
14-17. 人奉给耶和华的燔祭牲，若从鸟中来——鸽子性情温驯、习性洁净，因此被选中，而其他一切鸟则因性情凶猛或食性粗俗而被排除；在这种情形下，由于动物小、没有多余的血可洒，祭司受指示要在坛旁预备，并洒血。这是为穷人指定的供物。鸟总是成对献上；摩西之所以吩咐两只斑鸠或两只雏鸽，不仅是为了献祭者的方便，也是根据何者当令；因为鸽子有时十分粗硬不宜食用，那时在埃及和巴勒斯坦斑鸠却十分肥美。斑鸠不受年龄限制，因为它们出现在那些国家时总是好的，它们是候鸟；但鸽子的年龄则特别标明，为要使它们不在被人拒绝之时献给神[HARMER]。从这些自愿祭物等级的不同可以看出，神所看重的乃是献祭者的心意——而不是供物的昂贵。
英語原文
14-17. if the burnt sacrifice . . . be of fowls--The gentle nature and cleanly habits of the dove led to its selection, while all other fowls were rejected, either for the fierceness of their disposition or the grossness of their taste; and in this case, there being from the smallness of the animal no blood for waste, the priest was directed to prepare it at the altar and sprinkle the blood. This was the offering appointed for the poor. The fowls were always offered in pairs, and the reason why Moses ordered two turtledoves or two young pigeons, was not merely to suit the convenience of the offerer, but according as the latter was in season; for pigeons are sometimes quite hard and unfit for eating, at which time turtledoves are very good in Egypt and Palestine. The turtledoves are not restricted to any age because they are always good when they appear in those countries, being birds of passage; but the age of the pigeons is particularly marked that they might not be offered to God at times when they are rejected by men [HARMER]. It is obvious, from the varying scale of these voluntary sacrifices, that the disposition of the offerer was the thing looked to--not the costliness of his offering.
Le 1:1-17.
牛群的燔祭。
1. 耶和华……从会幕中……晓谕——此前记录中所载的律法，有的是在 Sinai 山上公开向百姓颁布的，有的是在那山顶上私下向摩西颁布的；但会幕建成之后，其余的律法便由可听见的声音，从笼罩施恩座的神圣荣耀中，向这位希伯来人的领袖宣告。