1
Le 23:1-4.
简体中文
英語原文
Le 23:1-4.
OF SUNDRY FEASTS.
2
無題
简体中文
2. 你晓谕以色列人……耶和华的节期——字面意为"集合的时令，或庄严集会"（Isa 33:20）；这个译法更为可取，适用于本章所提及的一切圣时节令，甚至包括以禁食守的赎罪日。这些都是由神直接的权威所设立，并借由公开宣告来宣布，这宣告被称为"快乐的声音"（Ps 89:15）。那些"圣会"是神圣智慧的明证，极有助于维系并广传宗教的知识与敬虔。
英語原文
2. Speak unto the children of Israel, . . . concerning the feasts of the Lord--literally, "the times of assembling, or solemnities"
(Isa 33:20);
and this is a preferable rendering, applicable to all sacred seasons mentioned in this chapter, even the day of atonement, which was observed as a fast. They were appointed by the direct authority of God and announced by a public proclamation, which is called "the joyful sound"
(Ps 89:15).
Those "holy convocations" were evidences of divine wisdom, and eminently subservient to the maintenance and diffusion of religious knowledge and piety.
3
無題
简体中文
3. 六日要作工，第七日是安息圣日——（参见 Ex 20:8 的注释）。安息日被赋予优先的地位，并且它要作为"圣会"，由各家庭"在自己的住处"遵守；条件允许时，百姓要聚集到会幕门口；在后来的时期，则在先知学校和会堂中聚集守节。
英語原文
3. Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest--(See on
Ex 20:8).
The Sabbath has the precedence given to it, and it was to be "a holy convocation," observed by families "in their dwellings"; where practicable, by the people repairing to the door of the tabernacle; at later periods, by meeting in the schools of the prophets, and in synagogues.
4
無題
简体中文
4. 这是耶和华的节期，就是你们到了日期要宣告的——这些节期在一年中的守节时间，相当于我们现今的三月、五月和九月。将节期定在这些时期，体现了神圣的智慧；在冬天，白昼短、道路泥泞不堪，长途旅行无法实行；而在夏天，收割与葡萄采摘使田间事务繁忙。此外，选择这些节令的另一原因，可能是为抵消埃及习俗与习惯的影响。神在九月为以色列人设立了比埃及人为其偶像所守的更多圣节。然而这些制度多半是前瞻性的，守节并不在旷野漂流期间约束以色列人，定期庆典要等到他们定居迦南之后才开始。
英語原文
4. These are the feasts of the Lord, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons--Their observance took place in the parts of the year corresponding to our March, May, and September. Divine wisdom was manifested in fixing them at those periods; in winter, when the days were short and the roads broken up, a long journey was impracticable; while in summer the harvest and vintage gave busy employment in the fields. Besides, another reason for the choice of those seasons probably was to counteract the influence of Egyptian associations and habits. And God appointed more sacred festivals for the Israelites in the month of September than the people of Egypt had in honor of their idols. These institutions, however, were for the most part prospective, the observance being not binding on the Israelites during their wanderings in the wilderness, while the regular celebration was not to commence till their settlement in Canaan.
5
Le 23:5-8.
简体中文
Le 23:5-8。
逾越节。
5. 耶和华的逾越节——（参见 Ex 12:2, 14, 18）。逾越节的设立，是要作为以色列人蒙救赎时相关情形的永久纪念，同时也在预表上指向将来要为神属灵子民所成就的更大救赎。在这节期的头一日和末日，百姓禁止作工 [Le 23:7, 8]；但在安息日他们不可做"任何"工，而在节期日子中则准许预备食物——因此禁令仅限于"什么劳碌的工都不可作"。同时，那两日要作为"圣会"——即集体敬虔的特殊时节。除了每日的常献祭物之外，还要在祭坛上献"火祭"（参见 Nu 28:19），同时在七天之内，各家要吃无酵饼（参见 1Co 5:8）。
英語原文
Le 23:5-8.
THE PASSOVER.
5. the Lord's passover--(See
Ex 12:2, 14, 18).
The institution of the passover was intended to be a perpetual memorial of the circumstances attending the redemption of the Israelites, while it had a typical reference to a greater redemption to be effected for God's spiritual people. On the first and last days of this feast, the people were forbidden to work
[Le 23:7, 8];
but while on the Sabbath they were not to do any work, on feast days they were permitted to dress meat--and hence the prohibition is restricted to "no servile work." At the same time, those two days were devoted to "holy convocation"--special seasons of social devotion. In addition to the ordinary sacrifices of every day, there were to be "offerings by fire" on the altar (see
Nu 28:19),
while unleavened bread was to be eaten in families all the seven days (see
1Co 5:8).
9
Le 23:9-14.
简体中文
Le 23:9-14。
初熟的禾捆。
英語原文
Le 23:9-14.
THE SHEAF OF FIRST FRUITS.
10
無題
简体中文
10. 要将摇祭的禾捆，就是你们收割初熟的庄稼，带给祭司——一捆禾捆，字面是一俄梅珥，是大麦初熟的果子。大麦比其他谷物早熟，其收割构成全面收获季节的开始。这段经文所描述的供物在正月初十六日献上，即第一个逾越节安息日（十五日）的次日（相当于我们四月初）；但禾捆是在前一日日落后，由受派的人带镰子从不同的田地取样而得。这些被放在一起扎成禾捆或松捆，带到圣殿的院中，在那里扬谷、烘烤、在臼中捣碎。然后撒上一些乳香，祭司在耶和华面前向四个方向将禾捆高举摇一摇，取其中一部分投入坛火中——其余的都归他自己。这是一个恰当而优美的举动，表达了对自然与护理之神的倚靠——这在各民族中都很常见，但对以色列人尤为合适，因为他们所拥有的那地及其一切出产，都归功于神的丰厚赐予。摇祭禾捆的献上使全部收成成为圣（Ro 11:16）。同时，这节期具有预表性质，预示了基督的复活（1Co 15:20），他正是在初熟果子被献的那一日从死里复活的。
英語原文
10. ye shall bring a sheaf of the first-fruits of your harvest unto the priest--A sheaf, literally, an omer, of the first-fruits of the barley harvest. The barley being sooner ripe than the other grains, the reaping of it formed the commencement of the general harvest season. The offering described in this passage was made on the sixteenth of the first month, the day following the first Passover Sabbath, which was on the fifteenth (corresponding to the beginning of our April); but it was reaped after sunset on the previous evening by persons deputed to go with sickles and obtain samples from different fields. These, being laid together in a sheaf or loose bundle, were brought to the court of the temple, where the grain was winnowed, parched, and bruised in a mortar. Then, after some incense had been sprinkled on it, the priest waved the sheaf aloft before the Lord towards the four different points of the compass, took a part of it and threw it into the fire of the altar--all the rest being reserved to himself. It was a proper and beautiful act, expressive of dependence on the God of nature and providence--common among all people, but more especially becoming the Israelites, who owed their land itself as well as all it produced to the divine bounty. The offering of the wave-sheaf sanctified the whole harvest
(Ro 11:16).
At the same time, this feast had a typical character, and pre-intimated the resurrection of Christ
(1Co 15:20),
who rose from the dead on the very day the first-fruits were offered.
15
Le 23:15-22.
简体中文
Le 23:15-22。
五旬节。
15. 你们要从安息日的次日——即逾越节第一日（守为安息日）的次日算起。
英語原文
Le 23:15-22.
FEAST OF PENTECOST.
15. ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath--that is, after the first day of the passover week, which was observed as a Sabbath.
16
無題
简体中文
16. 数到五十天——从献初熟果子之日算起第四十九日，或连同当日共第五十日，便是五旬节。（亦见 Ex 23:16; De 16:9）
英語原文
16. number fifty days--The forty-ninth day after the presentation of the first-fruits, or the fiftieth, including it, was the feast of Pentecost. (See also
Ex 23:16; De 16:9).
17
無題
简体中文
17. 要从你们的住处取出细面伊法十分之二，烤成两个摇祭的饼等——这些饼用"细"的即麦面做成，其中所含分略多于十磅。摇祭的禾捆标志着收获季节的开始，这两个饼则标志着收获季节的结束。它们是那季节的初熟果子，由祭司代表全国献给耶和华。（参见 Ex 34:22）。逾越节所用的饼是无酵的；五旬节所献的饼是有酵的——这一区别如此解释：前者是为纪念他们匆促离开时所备的饼，后者则是为日常食物——那是有酵的——向神献上感恩的供物。
英語原文
17. Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals, &c.--These loaves were made of "fine" or wheaten flour, the quantity contained in them being somewhat more than ten pounds in weight. As the wave-sheaf gave the signal for the commencement, the two loaves solemnized the termination of the harvest season. They were the first-fruits of that season, being offered unto the Lord by the priest in name of the whole nation. (See
Ex 34:22).
The loaves used at the Passover were unleavened; those presented at Pentecost were leavened--a difference which is thus accounted for, that the one was a memorial of the bread hastily prepared at their departure, while the other was a tribute of gratitude to God for their daily food, which was leavened.
21
無題
简体中文
21. 在这日，你们要宣告为圣会，什么劳碌的工都不可作——虽然这节期延续一周，但只有头一日守为安息日，既为全国献初熟果子，也为纪念律法的颁布。
英語原文
21. ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein--Though it extended over a week, the first day only was held as a Sabbath, both for the national offering of first-fruits and a memorial of the giving of the law.
22
無題
简体中文
22. 你们收割的时候，不可割尽田角等——（参见 Le 19:9 的注释）。此处重复这条律法，可能是因祭司在献初熟果子时提醒百姓，将对神的敬虔与对穷人的慈善相连。
英語原文
22. thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, &c.--(See on
Le 19:9).
The repetition of this law here probably arose from the priests reminding the people, at the presentation of the first-fruits, to unite piety to God with charity to the poor.
23
Le 23:23-25.
简体中文
Le 23:23-25。
吹角节。
英語原文
Le 23:23-25.
FEAST OF TRUMPETS.
24
無題
简体中文
24. 七月初一日，你们当有圣安息日——那是古代民事历新年的第一天。
当有吹角声作为纪念——犹太作者说，号角连续吹响三十次，设立这节期的目的是双重的：一是宣告新年的开始，这新年当（Le 23:25）敬虔地遵守（见 Nu 29:3）；二是为即将来临的庄严节期预备百姓的心。
英語原文
24. In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath--That was the first day of the ancient civil year.
a memorial of blowing of trumpets--Jewish writers say that the trumpets were sounded thirty successive times, and the reason for the institution was for the double purpose of announcing the commencement of the new year, which was
(Le 23:25)
to be religiously observed (see
Nu 29:3),
and of preparing the people for the approaching solemn feast.
27
無題
简体中文
27-32. 要有赎罪日……你们要刻苦己心——一个特别的节期，全年之罪在其中得赎。（参 Le 16:29-34。）此处只说明，干犯这日者要受最严厉的刑罚。
英語原文
27-32. there shall be a day of atonement . . . and ye shall afflict your souls--an unusual festival, at which the sins of the whole year were expiated. (See
Le 16:29-34).
It is here only stated that the severest penalty was incurred by the violation of this day.
34
無題
简体中文
34-44. 向耶和华守棚节七日——这个节期为感恩记念以色列人在旷野安然居住棚中或帐幕中而设立，是三大年度节期中的第三个，并与其余两个一样，持续一周。它从那个月的十五日开始，相当于我们历法的九月底十月初，当日守为安息日；这节期只能在圣所所在之处守，在其持续的每日都要在坛上献祭。犹太人受命在节期的全期居住在棚里，这些棚搭在房屋的平顶上、街道或田野中；所用的树木，有人说是香橼、棕树、没药和柳树，也有人认为百姓可取任何他们能获得的、以青绿与芬芳著称的树木。坚实的枝条用来搭建棚架，轻细的枝条则由人手持，他们唱着诗篇，在得胜的行列中前行，高呼“和散那！”，意为“求你拯救！”（诗 118:15, 25, 26）
那是一个极其欢乐的时节。但从池子取水的仪式，是在末日举行的，似乎是较后期才引入的（约 7:37）。那末日是第八日，因在西罗姆所发生的事，被称为“节期的末日”。收割收藏的节期，就是葡萄采收完毕之时，也在那日庆祝 [Ex 23:16; 34:22]；作为大节期之一的结束，它被守为安息日。
英語原文
34-44. the feast of tabernacles, for seven days unto the Lord--This festival, which was instituted in grateful commemoration of the Israelites having securely dwelt in booths or tabernacles in the wilderness, was the third of the three great annual festivals, and, like the other two, it lasted a week. It began on the fifteenth day of the month, corresponding to the end of our September and beginning of October, which was observed as a Sabbath; and it could be celebrated only at the place of the sanctuary, offerings being made on the altar every day of its continuance. The Jews were commanded during the whole period of the festival to dwell in booths, which were erected on the flat roofs of houses, in the streets or fields; and the trees made use of are by some stated to be the citron, the palm, the myrtle, and the willow, while others maintain the people were allowed to take any trees they could obtain that were distinguished for verdure and fragrance. While the solid branches were reserved for the construction of the booths, the lighter branches were carried by men, who marched in triumphal procession, singing psalms and crying "Hosanna!" which signifies, "Save, we beseech thee!"
(Ps 118:15, 25, 26).
It was a season of great rejoicing. But the ceremony of drawing water from the pool, which was done on the last day, seems to have been the introduction of a later period
(Joh 7:37).
That last day was the eighth, and, on account of the scene at Siloam, was called "the great day of the feast." The feast of ingathering, when the vintage was over, was celebrated also on that day
[Ex 23:16; 34:22],
and, as the conclusion of one of the great festivals, it was kept as a sabbath.
Le 23:1-4.
论各项节期。