Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · Psalms 第78章

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Psalms 78章

1

Ps 78:1-72.

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繁體中文

Ps 78:1-72.

本篇的緣由,似乎是聖所從以法蓮支派的示羅遷至猶大支派的錫安,以及以色列的首位相應地從前者轉移到後者——這一點由大衛被立為教會與國家之首而清楚顯明。雖然這是神旨意的執行,但作者在此表明,這也源於神對以法蓮的審判——在以法蓮的領導下,百姓顯出了與其祖先在埃及時同樣的罪惡與叛逆性情。

1. 我的百姓……我的律法——這是宗教教師的言辭

(Ps 78:2; La 3:14; Ro 2:16, 27;

參

Ps 49:4)。

隨後的歷史若不加解釋,便是一個「隱喻」或謎語,其正確的理解需要智慧與留意。

英語原文

Ps 78:1-72.

This Psalm appears to have been occasioned by the removal of the sanctuary from Shiloh in the tribe of Ephraim to Zion in the tribe of Judah, and the coincident transfer of pre-eminence in Israel from the former to the latter tribe, as clearly evinced by David's settlement as the head of the Church and nation. Though this was the execution of God's purpose, the writer here shows that it also proceeded from the divine judgment on Ephraim, under whose leadership the people had manifested the same sinful and rebellious character which had distinguished their ancestors in Egypt.

1. my people . . . my law--the language of a religious teacher

(Ps 78:2; La 3:14; Ro 2:16, 27;

compare

Ps 49:4).

The history which follows was a "dark saying," or riddle, if left unexplained, and its right apprehension required wisdom and attention.

繁體中文

3-8. 這歷史已經流傳下來

(Ex 12:14; De 6:20),

為的是榮耀神,並使祂律法的原則得以被後代認識並遵守。這重要的信念在

(Ps 78:7, 8)

以否定形式重申。

英語原文

3-8. This history had been handed down

(Ex 12:14; De 6:20)

for God's honor, and that the principles of His law might be known and observed by posterity. This important sentiment is reiterated in

(Ps 78:7, 8)

negative form.

繁體中文

5. 法度——

(Ps 19:7)。

英語原文

5. testimony--

(Ps 19:7).

繁體中文

8. 頑梗悖逆——

(De 21:18)。

心……不堅定——對神的事奉

(2Ch 12:14)。

英語原文

8. stubborn and rebellious--

(De 21:18).

set not their heart--on God's service

(2Ch 12:14).

繁體中文

9-11. 原屬約瑟的長子名分

(1Ch 5:1, 2)

由雅各歸給以法蓮

(Ge 48:1)。

該支派如此暗示的居首地位,由其位置(在百姓往迦南行軍時)緊鄰約櫃

(Nu 2:18-24)、 在其境內示羅為約櫃選定第一個永久所在地、以及所賜廣大肥沃的產業而得到承認。這顯要地位的痕跡在羅波安時代的分裂之後仍然存留,後來的作者以以法蓮代指以色列(參

Ho 5:3-14; 11:3-12)。

以法蓮雖是強盛、裝備精良的支派,且從早期便好勝驕傲(參

Jos 17:14; Jud 8:1-3; 2Sa 19:41), 在此卻顯出它倒是帶頭在懦弱而非勇敢上;並且招惹神的不悅,因為它對神的應許缺乏信心——雖然應許先前屢次應驗——作為首領卻未能履行聖約的條款,沒有趕出外邦人

(Ex 23:24; De 31:16; 2Ki 17:15)。

英語原文

9-11. The privileges of the first-born which belonged to Joseph

(1Ch 5:1, 2)

were assigned to Ephraim by Jacob

(Ge 48:1).

The supremacy of the tribe thus intimated was recognized by its position (in the marching of the nation to Canaan) next to the ark

(Nu 2:18-24),

by the selection of the first permanent locality for the ark within its borders at Shiloh, and by the extensive and fertile province given for its possession. Traces of this prominence remained after the schism under Rehoboam, in the use, by later writers, of Ephraim for Israel (compare

Ho 5:3-14; 11:3-12).

Though a strong, well-armed tribe, and, from an early period, emulous and haughty (compare

Jos 17:14; Jud 8:1-3; 2Sa 19:41),

it appears, in this place, that it had rather led the rest in cowardice than courage; and had incurred God's displeasure, because, diffident of His promise, though often heretofore fulfilled, it had failed as a leader to carry out the terms of the covenant, by not driving out the heathen

(Ex 23:24; De 31:16; 2Ki 17:15).

繁體中文

12-14. 此處記錄了神的作為與百姓的罪惡。作者從出埃及記載到從加低斯退回;又以其罪與他們當信靠的理由相對照,詳述神在埃及的作為;最後概述其後直至大衛時代的歷史。

瑣安——指埃及,因其為古時京城

(民 13:22;賽 19:11)。

英語原文

12-14. A record of God's dealings and the sins of the people is now made. The writer gives the history from the exode to the retreat from Kadesh; then contrasts their sins with their reasons for confidence, shown by a detail of God's dealings in Egypt, and presents a summary of the subsequent history to David's time.

Zoan--for Egypt, as its ancient capital

(Nu 13:22; Isa 19:11).

繁體中文

15, 16. 曾有兩次類似的奇事

(出 17:6;民 20:11)。

深淵——與——江河——指豐盛。

英語原文

15, 16. There were two similar miracles

(Ex 17:6; Nu 20:11).

great depths--and--rivers--denote abundance.

繁體中文

17-20. 仍舊——字面是「加添了罪」,而非被引導悔改(Ro 2:4)。

英語原文

17-20. yet more--literally, "added to sin," instead of being led to repentance

(Ro 2:4).

繁體中文

18. 在他們心中——

(Mt 15:19。)

為他們的貪慾——字面是「靈魂」,或作「欲望」。

惹動——而且——試探——由他們荒謬的疑惑所說明,

英語原文

18. in their heart--

(Mt 15:19).

for their lust--literally, "soul," or, "desire."

provoking--and--tempted--illustrated by their absurd doubts,

繁體中文

19, 20. 在祂所承認的大能面前。

英語原文

19, 20. in the face of His admitted power.

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21. 火——「怒氣」的效果(Nu 11:1)。

英語原文

21. fire--the effect of the "anger"

(Nu 11:1).

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22. (參看來 8:8, 9。)

英語原文

22. (Compare

Heb 8:8, 9).

繁體中文

23-29. (參看 Ex 16:11-15;Nu 11:4-9。)

英語原文

23-29. (Compare

Ex 16:11-15; Nu 11:4-9).

繁體中文

25. 天使的糧食——字面是「大能者的糧食」(參看 Ps 105:40);如此稱呼,因為是從天上來的。

肉——字面是「旅行用的食物」。

英語原文

25. angels' food--literally, "bread of the mighty" (compare

Ps 105:40);

so called, as it came from heaven.

meat--literally, "victuals," as for a journey.

繁體中文

29. 他們……所願的——他們所渴望的。

英語原文

29. their . . . desire--what they longed for.

繁體中文

30, 31. 還……所欲的——或作「欲望」——即正在放縱它。

英語原文

30, 31. not estranged . . . lust--or, "desire"--that is, were indulging it.

繁體中文

31. 殺了……肥壯的——或作「在肥壯的人中」;他們中間的一些人——

少年人——年輕力壯的(Isa 40:31),因此無人能抵擋。

英語原文

31. slew . . . fattest--or, "among the fattest"; some of them--

chosen--the young and strong

(Isa 40:31),

and so none could resist.

繁體中文

33-39. 雖然在責罰之後有局部的改革,神也在憐憫中暫時收回祂的手,但他們總體的行為卻是悖逆的,如此便惹動祂使他們在曠野長久而徒然地飄流,以致消磨和毀滅他們。

英語原文

33-39. Though there were partial reformations after chastisement, and God, in pity, withdrew His hand for a time, yet their general conduct was rebellious, and He was thus provoked to waste and destroy them, by long and fruitless wandering in the desert.

繁體中文

36. 用舌頭……說謊——虛假的順服(Ps 18:44)。

英語原文

36. lied . . . tongues--a feigned obedience

(Ps 18:44).

繁體中文

37. 心……不堅定——或作「堅固」(參看 Ps 78:8;Ps 51:10)。

英語原文

37. heart . . . not right--or, "firm" (compare

Ps 78:8; Ps 51:10).

繁體中文

39. 一陣風……過去——字面是「一口氣」,稀薄的空氣(參看 Ps 103:16;Jas 4:14)。

英語原文

39. a wind . . . again--literally, "a breath," thin air (compare

Ps 103:16; Jas 4:14).

繁體中文

40, 41. 有十次試探(Nu 14:22)。

英語原文

40, 41. There were ten temptations

(Nu 14:22).

繁體中文

41. limited——如在

Ps 78:19, 20

所載。雖然有些人偏好譯作「grieved」(使憂傷)或「provoked」(惹動)。此處所指是從加低斯的退卻

(De 1:19-23),

無論——

turned——是指轉回,還是指罪行的重複。

英語原文

41. limited--as in

Ps 78:19, 20.

Though some prefer "grieved" or "provoked." The retreat from Kadesh

(De 1:19-23)

is meant, whether--

turned--be for turning back, or to denote repetition of offense.

繁體中文

43. wrought——陳列,或展示出來。

英語原文

43. wrought--set or held forth.

繁體中文

45. 狗蠅或蚊子。

英語原文

45. The dog-fly or the mosquito.

繁體中文

46. caterpillar——其 希伯來文 名稱,乃因其貪食而得名;而——

locust——則因其數量繁多而得名。

英語原文

46. caterpillar--the Hebrew name, from its voracity, and that of--

locust--from its multitude.

繁體中文

47, 48. 此處所提到風暴的附加效果(參看

Ex 9:23-34)

與摩西的記載相符。

英語原文

47, 48. The additional effects of the storm here mentioned (compare

Ex 9:23-34)

are consistent with Moses' account.

繁體中文

48. gave . . . cattle——字面作「關起來」(參看

Ps 31:8)。

英語原文

48. gave . . . cattle--literally, "shut up" (compare

Ps 31:8).

繁體中文

49. evil angels——或作「禍患的使者」——或許有許多使者被差派,另有其他災禍加諸其身。

英語原文

49. evil angels--or, "angels of evil"--many were perhaps employed, and other evils inflicted.

繁體中文

50, 51. made a way——移去障礙,任其肆意而行。

英語原文

50, 51. made a way--removed obstacles, gave it full scope.

繁體中文

51. chief of their strength——字面作「初熟的果子」,或作「長子」

(Ge 49:3; De 21:17)。

Ham——含的一個兒子,其名(Mizraim,希伯來文)成了埃及的稱呼。

英語原文

51. chief of their strength--literally, "first-fruits," or, "first-born"

(Ge 49:3; De 21:17).

Ham--one of whose sons gave name (Mizraim, Hebrew) to Egypt.

繁體中文

52-54. made his . . . forth——或作帶領他們按站前行(參看

Ex 15:1)。

英語原文

52-54. made his . . . forth--or, brought them by periodical journeys (compare

Ex 15:1).

繁體中文

54. border of his sanctuary——或作「聖潔的邊界」——即 這地區,其中——

this mountain——(錫安)作為民政與宗教治理的所在,是全地的代表,後來也作為教會的代表

(Isa 25:6, 7)。

purchased——或作「以祂的右手(即大能)買贖」

(Ps 60:5)。

英語原文

54. border of his sanctuary--or, "holy border"--i. e., region of which--

this mountain--(Zion) was, as the seat of civil and religious government, the representative, used for the whole land, as afterwards for the Church

(Isa 25:6, 7).

purchased--or, "procured by His right hand" or power

(Ps 60:5).

繁體中文

55. by line——或作如此量度出來的分。

divided them——即列國,藉以指代他們的產業,所以帳棚——即列國的帳棚(參看

De 6:11)。

英語原文

55. by line--or, the portion thus measured.

divided them--that is, the heathen, put for their possessions, so tents--that is, of the heathen (compare

De 6:11).

繁體中文

56, 57. a deceitful bow——即反退的弓,使箭不能射出

(2Sa 1:22; Ho 7:16)。

他們退後了。

英語原文

56, 57. a deceitful bow--which turns back, and so fails to project the arrow

(2Sa 1:22; Ho 7:16).

They relapsed.

繁體中文

58. 拜偶像之事,乃由於姑惜列邦所致(參看

Ps 78:9-11)。

英語原文

58. Idolatry resulted from sparing the heathen (compare

Ps 78:9-11).

繁體中文

59, 60. heard——察覺

(Ge 11:7)。

abhorred——卻未全然棄絕。

英語原文

59, 60. heard--perceived

(Ge 11:7).

abhorred--but not utterly.

繁體中文

60. tent . . . placed——字面作「使居住」,即設立

(Jos 18:1)。

英語原文

60. tent . . . placed--literally, "caused to dwell," set up

(Jos 18:1).

繁體中文

61. his strength——即約櫃,作為其能力的象徵

(Ps 96:6)。

英語原文

61. his strength--the ark, as symbolical of it

(Ps 96:6).

繁體中文

62. gave——或作「關閉」。

his people——

(Ps 78:48; 1Sa 4:10-17)。

英語原文

62. gave--or, "shut up."

his people--

(Ps 78:48; 1Sa 4:10-17).

繁體中文

63. fire——或為屠殺的比方

(1Sa 4:10),

或為列國實在的焚燒。

given to marriage——字面作「受稱讚的」——即作新婦。

英語原文

63. fire--either figure of the slaughter

(1Sa 4:10),

or a literal burning by the heathen.

given to marriage--literally, "praised"--that is, as brides.

繁體中文

64. (參看

1Sa 4:17);

無疑還有其他人。

made no lamentation——或因過度哀傷而麻木,或被仇敵所阻。

英語原文

64. (Compare

1Sa 4:17);

and there were, doubtless, others.

made no lamentation--either because stupefied by grief, or hindered by the enemy.

繁體中文

65. (參看

Ps 22:16; Isa 42:13)。

英語原文

65. (Compare

Ps 22:16; Isa 42:13).

繁體中文

66. And he smote . . . part——或作「擊打他仇敵的背」。非利士人被大衛擊敗之後,再也未能恢復原有的地位。

英語原文

66. And he smote . . . part--or, "struck His enemies' back." The Philistines never regained their position after their defeats by David.

繁體中文

67, 68. tabernacle of Joseph——或作「家」,或作「支派」,與之平行的是——

tribe of Ephraim——(參看

Re 7:8)。

其優越地位如同掃羅一般,只是暫時獲允許的。猶大才是神所揀選的

(Ge 49:10)。

英語原文

67, 68. tabernacle of Joseph--or, "home," or, "tribe," to which--

tribe of Ephraim--is parallel (compare

Re 7:8).

Its pre-eminence was, like Saul's, only permitted. Judah had been the choice

(Ge 49:10).

繁體中文

69. 高舉如——

high palaces——或作「眾山」,長存如——the earth(大地)。

英語原文

69. Exalted as--

high palaces--or, "mountains," and abiding as--the earth.

繁體中文

70-72. 神的主權在這揀選中顯明出來。對比鮮明——卑微與高升——彼此的呼應也是美的。

英語原文

70-72. God's sovereignty was illustrated in this choice. The contrast is striking--humility and exaltation--and the correspondence is beautiful.

繁體中文

71. following . . . ewes, 等——字面作「哺乳的母羊」(參看

Isa 40:11)。

關於牧羊的用語,可比較

Ps 79:13。

英語原文

71. following . . . ewes, &c.--literally, "ewes giving suck" (compare

Isa 40:11).

On the pastoral terms, compare

Ps 79:13.