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日本語
英語原文
We now come closer to Nineveh, that great city; she took, not warning by the destruction of her armies and the fall of her king, and therefore may expect, since she persists in her enmity to God, that he will proceed in his controversy with her. Here is foretold, I. The approach of the enemy that should destroy Nineveh, and the terror of his military preparations, Na 2:1-5. II. The taking of the city, Na 2:6. III. The captivity of the queen, the flight of the inhabitants, the seizing of all its wealth, and the great consternation it should be in, Na 2:7-10. IV. All this is traced up to its true causes—their sinning against God and God's appearing against them, Na 2:11-13. All this was fulfilled when Nebuchadnezzar, in the first year of his reign, in conjunction with Cyaxares, or Ahasuerus, king of the Medes, conquered Nineveh, and made himself master of the Assyrian monarchy.
1-10
The Judgment of Nineveh (710 BC)
日本語
ニネベの裁き(紀元前710年)
¹ 粉砕する者があなたの前に攻め上って来た。防備を固めよ、道を警戒せよ、腰に力を帯びよ、力を大いに強くせよ。
² 主はヤコブの栄光を、イスラエルの栄光と同じように帰させられた。あがない主たちが彼らをあない、そのぶどうの枝を損なったからである。
³ 彼の勇士の盾は赤くされ、勇者たちは緋色をまとっている。備えの日に、戦車は燃える松明のよう、もみの木は恐るべき震ぎ方をする。
⁴ 戦車は通りで狂い、広場で互いに激しくぶつかり合う。彼らは松明のよう、いなずまのように走る。
⁵ 彼はその勇士たちを数え上げる。彼らは歩みにつまずき、城壁へ急ぎ、防御物が整えられる。
⁶ 川の門は開かれ、宮殿は溶け去る。
⁷ フザブは捕えられて連れ去られ、引き上げられる。その侍女たちは鳩の声のように、胸をたたいて彼女を導く。
⁸ しかしニネベは古くから水たまりのようであった。それでも彼らは逃げ去る。「立て、立て」と彼らは叫ぶ。しかし振り返る者はいない。
⁹ 銀の分捕り物を取れ、金の分捕り物を取れ。その宝と、すべての麗しい調度の栄光には果てしがない。
¹⁰ 彼女は空であり、むなしく、荒廃している。心は溶け、ひざは打ち震え、すべての腰に激しい痛みがあり、すべての顔は青ざめる。
ここには次のものがある。I. ニネベに送られた戦争の警鐘(Na 2:1)。預言者はそれが間近に迫ったものとして語る。それは疑いようもなく、また遠くないからである。「見回して見よ。粉砕する者があなたの前に攻め上って来た。」国々を打ち砕くことで知られ、今後さらに知られるようになるネブカデネザルが、あなたから始め、あなたを散らし、追い散らす、とある人々は訳す。バビロンは全地の金槌と呼ばれる(Jer 50:23)。ニネベに対するネブカデネザルの試みは公然、大胆、かつ大胆不敵である。彼はあなたの前に攻め上って来た、あなたを滅ぼすという企てを公言して。それゆえ武器を取れ、ニネベよ、防備を固めよ。やぐらと武器庫を固めよ。道を警戒せよ。都へのすべての通路に衛兵を置け。腰に力を帯びよ。兵士を励ませ。自分と彼らを元気づけよ。力を大いに強くせよ、敵が攻め寄せてくる時に都市がするように(これは皮肉して語られている)。できる限りのことをせよ。それでもあなたはこの裁きの一撃をかわすことはできない。主に逆らう計画や力はないからである。
II. 戦争の原因を示す宣言の公布(Na 2:2)。主はヤコブの栄光を、イスラエルの栄光と同じように帰させられた。すなわち、1. アッシリヤ人はヤコブ――二部族――に対して虐待的で(彼らをへりくだめ、屈辱を与えた)、イスラエル――十部族――に対するのと同様であった。彼らをあない、そのぶどうの枝を損なった。このゆえに神は彼らと清算される。遠い昔になされたことでも、今その王国、その首府ニネベに対する勘定に加えられる。神の彼らとの論争はヤコブになされた暴力のためである。あるいは、(2.) 神は今やネブカデネザルによって二部族の捕囚によってヤコブの誇りを帰させようとしておられる。イスラエルの捕囚によってしたように。神はそれを行うと決定された。彼らの上にあがない主たちを送り、それを行うべき敵はまずニネベから始め、それをまず減らし、その誇りをへりくだめなければならない。神は誇る都市をご覧になり、これを低くされる。神に最も近い者でさえ。サマリヤはへりくだめられ、エルサレムもへりくだめられようとしており、その誇りは低くされる。それではニネベ、あの誇る都市も低くされないであろうか。あがない主たちが都市をあなし、ヤコブとイスラエルの国でぶどうの枝を損なった。それではニネベの誇りであるその栄光も帰させられないであろうか。
III. 侵入する敵がニネベに対して現れる恐ろしさの詳細な説明。すべてが彼を恐るべきものにするのに寄与する。1. 彼の勇士の盾は赤くされる。おそらく彼らの他の武器と装備も。すでに流した血で染まっているかのよう、あるいはこれによってすべてを剣にかけようとする意図を示すかのよう。彼らは赤旗を掲げた、助けを与えないしるしとして。2. 勇者たちは緋色をまとっている。血生臭いわざをしようとする意図を示す赤い衣服ばかりでなく、軍勢の富を示す豪華な衣服。富は戦争の筋である。3. 備えの日に、戦車は燃える松明のよう。接近しようとする時、彼らはいなずまのように速く飛ぶ。車輪は石から火を打ち、御者たちはエヒウのように燃える憤りをもって猛然と駆る。あるいは彼らは夜間に接近する時、開いた戦車に燃える松明を携えた、ギデオンの兵士が水がめにともし火を携えたように、自分たちの道しるべと敵への恐怖のために。またそれによって行く所どこででも火を放つために。4. もみの木は恐るべき震ぎ方をする。ニネベの高貴な人々、あたかも立ち並ぶもみの木が低木を抜きん出るように隣接する者たちを抜きん出る。あるいは文字通り立ち並ぶ木々が、あの大軍勢が引き起こす地の激しい震動によって揺さぶられる。5. 戦車は極めて恐ろしい(Na 2:4)。彼らは通りで狂う、すなわち、それらを駆る者たちが狂う。戦車そのものが狂うかと思う。それらは数多く、猛烈に駆るので、広場で――そこには十分な余地があるはずだが――互いに激しくぶつかり合う。そしてこれらの鉄の戦車は極めて輝き、太陽の光の中で夜の松明のように見える。いなずまのように走く、これほど速く、これほど猛然と。ネブカデネザルの指揮官たちはここで彼の勇士たち、彼の壮士たち(欄外の読み)、彼の英雄たちと呼ばれる。彼はこれらを数え上げ、ただちに、確実にそれぞれの持ち場に身を置くよう命じる。彼は行動に入り、ただちに陣を張り、ニネベの包囲で戦いを始める決意である。彼の勇士たちは思い出す(ある人々はこう読む)、彼らはその場の義務と受けた命令を心に留め、それによって歩みにつまずくほどに自分の務めに没着する。良い速さよりも急ぐ。つまずくが倒れない。彼らは城壁へ急ぎ、塹壕を開く。防御物、すなわち覆道が整えられる(包囲された者たちの矢から身を避けるためのもの)。彼らはこれほど近く包囲を進め、これほどの活力で、ついに川の門は開かれる(Na 2:6)。チグリス川に面したニネベの門(ニネベはその上に築かれていた)が最初に敵によって破られるか、裏切られ、その門から敵は入る。そして宮殿は溶け去る。王の家か、その神ニスロクの家。同じ言葉が宮殿と神殿の両方を意味する。天の神が民と争うために出て行かれる時、宮殿も王たちも、神殿も神々も、彼らを保護し避難させることはできず、すべて共に避けられなく倒れる。
IV. これの結果の予言。それがどれほど惨めなものになるかは容易に推察できる。1. 王妃は敵の手に落ちる(Na 2:7)。フザブは捕えられて連れ去られる。確立された(ある人々はこう読む)彼女、隠されて秘密に閉じ込められたので安全だと思った彼女は、暴かれ(欄外の読み)捕えられて連れ去られる。一般の囚人よりも大きな恥辱をもって。引き上げられる、あざけるような行列で。その侍女たちが彼女を導く。彼女は弱り、気弱であり、そのような恐れと困難に耐えられない。慣れていない者には二倍に辛く恐ろしい。彼女たちは彼女に付き添うが、陽気に語り励ますためではなく、むしろ鳩の声のように不満を漏らし、うめく。谷の鳩(Eze 7:16)の嘆きで知られるもの(Isa 38:14,59:11)。彼女たちは胸をたたいて、悲しみと悔しさに自分の胸を打つ。あたかもそれらの上で太鼓を打つかのよう、その言葉はそういう意味である。2. 住民は数多くいても、侵入者に立ち向かい、持ちこたえる者はひとりもいない(Na 2:8)。ニネベは古くから水たまりのよう、水たまりが水で満たされるように人で満たされている(水は群衆を意味する、Re 17:15)、あるいは水が魚で満たされるように。それは昔から人口の多い都市であった。ヨナの時代、そこには十二万の幼子がいた(Jon 4:11)。そして通常、都市や国は毎年その数を増している。しかし、彼らには公の奉仕に用いられる手がこれほど多くあるのに、互いに勇気を与えることはできない。彼らは逃げ去る、臆病者のように。彼らの指揮官たちは彼らを励ますためにできる限りをする。立て、立てと叫ぶ。元気を出せ、そうすれば万事うまくいく。しかし振り返る者はいない。彼らには勇気の火花すら残っておらず、各自が逃げる機会を最大限に生かすのが最も賢いと考える。彼らを呼ぶ者が誰か見るためにも振り返らない。注意せよ。神は悩みの日に最も強く最も勇敢な者も気落ちさせ、人が期待するようにはさせず、水の集まった所、その水が干上がり、消え去ったようにされる。3. 都の富は略奪物となり、その豊かな調度はすべて勝利した敵の手に落ちる(Na 2:9)。彼らは互いに略奪を促し、励ます。銀の分捕り物を取れ。金の分捕り物を取れ。将校たちは兵士に機会を利用するよう促す。彼らのための銀と金は十分にある。その宝に果てしないから。ニネベは古くから水たまりのようであったので、広大な泥を集めた。またすべての麗しい調度の栄光が豊富にある。望みの器、彼らが誇りとしたもの。そして今、征服者の略奪物となり、誇りとなる。注意せよ。土のように着物を備え、ちりのように銀を積み上げる者は、その着物を着るのが誰か、その銀を分けるのが誰かを知らない(Job 27:16,17)。このようにしてこの豊かな都市は空、むなしく、荒廃する(Na 2:10)。世の富の空虚を見よ。持ち主を守るどころか、彼らを晒し、敵がこれまで以上の害を及ぼすことを可能にする。4. 兵士と民は都の防衛のために立ち上がる気力を持たない。彼らの霊は火の前のろうのように溶ける。ひざは打ち震える(ベルシャザルが苦悶のうちにしたように、Da 5:6)、それで持ち堪えることも、逃げることもできない。すべての腰に激しい痛みがある、極度の恐怖の場合にそうであるように、背中を持ち上げることができない。そしてすべての顔は青ざめる、毎日火の上にある鍋の黒さのように、その言葉はそういう意味である。注意せよ。良心の罪責は悪い日に人を恐怖で満たす。この世の富に幸福を置き、心をこれに置く者は、銀と金と麗しい調度を奪われる時、自分は滅びたと思う。
英語原文
The Judgment of Nineveh (710 BC)
¹ He that dasheth in pieces is come up before thy face: keep the munition, watch the way, make thy loins strong, fortify thy power mightily.
² For the LORD hath turned away the excellency of Jacob, as the excellency of Israel: for the emptiers have emptied them out, and marred their vine branches.
³ The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet: the chariots shall be with flaming torches in the day of his preparation, and the fir trees shall be terribly shaken.
⁴ The chariots shall rage in the streets, they shall justle one against another in the broad ways: they shall seem like torches, they shall run like the lightnings.
⁵ He shall recount his worthies: they shall stumble in their walk; they shall make haste to the wall thereof, and the defence shall be prepared.
⁶ The gates of the rivers shall be opened, and the palace shall be dissolved.
⁷ And Huzzab shall be led away captive, she shall be brought up, and her maids shall lead her as with the voice of doves, tabering upon their breasts.
⁸ But Nineveh is of old like a pool of water: yet they shall flee away. Stand, stand, shall they cry; but none shall look back.
⁹ Take ye the spoil of silver, take the spoil of gold: for there is none end of the store and glory out of all the pleasant furniture.
¹⁰ She is empty, and void, and waste: and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and much pain is in all loins, and the faces of them all gather blackness.
Here is, I. An alarm of war sent to Nineveh, Na 2:1. The prophet speaks of it as just at hand, for it is neither doubtful nor far distant: "Look about thee, and see, he that dashes in pieces has come up before thy face. Nebuchadnezzar, who is noted, and will be yet more so, for dashing nations in pieces, begins with thee, and will dissipate and disperse thee;" so some render the word. Babylon is called the hammer of the whole earth, Jer 50:23. The attempt of Nebuchadnezzar upon Nineveh is public, bold, and daring: "He has come up before thy face, avowing his design to ruin thee; and therefore stand to thy arms, O Nineveh! keep the munition; secure thy towers and magazines: watch the way; set guards upon all the avenues to the city; make thy loins strong; encourage thy soldiers; animate thyself and them; fortify thy power mightily, as cities do when an enemy is advancing against them" (this is spoken ironically); "do the utmost thou canst, yet thou shalt not be able to put by the stroke of this judgment, for there is no counsel or strength against the Lord."
II. A manifesto published, showing the causes of the war (Na 2:2): The Lord has turned away the excellency of Jacob, as the excellency of Israel, that is, 1. The Assyrians have been abusive to Jacob, the two tribes (have humbled and mortified them), as well as to Israel, the ten tribes, have emptied them, and marred their vine-branches. For this God will reckon with them; though done long since, it shall come into the account now against that kingdom, and Nineveh the head-city of it. God's quarrel with them is for the violence done to Jacob. Or, (2.) God is now by Nebuchadnezzar about to turn away the pride of Jacob by the captivity of the two tribes, as he did the pride of Israel by their captivity; He has determined to do it, to bring emptiers upon them, and the enemy that is to do it must begin with Nineveh, and reduce that first, and humble the pride of that. God is looking upon proud cities, and abasing them, even those that are nearest to him. Samaria is humbled, and Jerusalem is to be humbled, and their pride brought low; and shall not Nineveh, that proud city, be brought down too? Emptiers have emptied the cities, and marred the vine-branches in the country of Jacob and Israel; and must not the excellency of Nineveh, that is so much her pride, be turned away too?
III. A particular account given in of the terrors wherein the invading enemy shall appear against Nineveh; every thing shall contribute to make him formidable. 1. The shields of his mighty men are made red, and probably their other arms and array, as if they were already tinctured with the blood they had shed, or intended hereby to signify they would put all to the sword; they hung out a red flag, in token that they would give no quarter. 2. The valiant men are in scarlet; not only red clothes, to intimate what bloody work they designed to make, but rich clothes, to intimate the wealth of the army, and that is the sinews of war. 3. The chariots shall be with flaming torches in the day of his preparation; when they are making their approaches, they shall fly as swiftly as lightning; the wheels shall strike fire upon the stones, and those that drive them shall drive furiously with a flaming indignation, as Jehu drove. Or they carried flaming torches with them in the open chariots, when they made their approach in the night, as Gideon's soldiers carried lamps in their pitchers, to be both a guide to themselves and a terror to their enemies, and with them to set all on fire wherever they went. 4. The fir-trees shall be terribly shaken; the great men of Nineveh, that overtop their neighbours, as the stately firs do the shrubs; or the very standing trees shall be made to shake by the violent concussions of the earth, which that great army shall cause. 5. The chariots of war shall be very terrible (Na 2:4): They shall rage in the streets, that is, those that drive them shall rage; you would think the chariots themselves raged; they shall be so numerous, and drive with so much fury, that even in the broad ways, where, one would think, there should be room enough, they shall jostle one another; and these iron chariots shall be made so bright that in the beams of the sun they shall seem like torches in the night; they shall run like the lightnings, so swiftly, so furiously. Nebuchadnezzar's commanders are here called his worthies, his gallants (so the margin reads it), his heroes; those he shall recount, and order them immediately and without fail to render themselves at their respective posts, for he is entering upon action, is resolved to take the field immediately, and to open the campaign with the siege of Nineveh. His worthies shall remember (so some read it); they shall be mindful of the duty of their place, and the charge they have received, and shall thereby be made so intent upon their business that they shall stumble in their walks, shall make more haste than good speed; they stumble, but shall not fall; for they shall make haste to the wall thereof, shall open the trenches; and the defence, or the covered way, shall be prepared (something to shelter them from the darts of the besieged), and they shall so closely carry on the siege, and with so much vigour, that at length the gates of the rivers shall be opened (Na 2:6); those gates of Nineveh which open upon the river Tigris (on which Nineveh was built) shall be first forced by, or betrayed to, the enemy, and by those gates they shall enter. And then the palace shall be dissolved, either the king's house or the house of Nisroch his god; the same word signifies both a palace and a temple. When the God of heaven goes forth to contend with a people, neither the palaces nor their kings, neither the temples nor their gods, can protect and shelter them, but must all inevitably fall with them.
IV. A prediction of the consequences of this; and it is easy to guess how dismal those will be. 1. The queen shall fall into the hands of the enemy (Na 2:7): Huzzab shall be led away captive; she that was established (so some read it), thought herself safe because she was concealed and shut up in secret, shall be discovered (so the margin reads it) and shall be led away captive, in greater disgrace than that of common prisoners; she shall be brought up in a mock state, and her maids of honour shall lead her, because she is weak and faint, not able to bear such frights and hardships, which are doubly hard and frightful to those that have not been used to them; they shall attend her, not to speak cheerfully to her and to encourage her, but murmuring and moaning themselves, as with the voice of doves, the doves of the valleys (Eze 7:16), noted for their mourning, Isa 38:14,59:11. They shall be tabering upon their breasts, beating their own breasts in grief and vexation, as if they were drumming upon them, for so the word signifies. 2. The inhabitants, though numerous, shall none of them be able to make head against the invaders, or stand their ground (Na 2:8): Nineveh is of old like a pool of water, replenished with people as a pool with water (and waters signify multitudes, Re 17:15), or as those waters with fish; it was long ago a populous city; in Jonah's time there were 120,000 little children in it (Jon 4:11), and, ordinarily, cities and countries are increasing in their number every year; but, though they have so many hands to be employed in the public service, yet they shall not be able to inspire one another with courage, but they shall flee away like cowards. Their commanders shall do what they can to animate them; they shall cry, "Stand, stand, have a good heart on it, and we shall do well enough;" but none shall so much as look back; they shall not have the least spark of courage remaining, but every one shall think it is his wisest course to make his best of the opportunity to escape; they shall not so much as look back to see who calls for them. Note, God can dispirit the strongest and boldest, in the day of distress, so that they shall not be what one would expect from them, but like a pool of water, the water whereof is dried up and gone. 3. The wealth of the city shall become a prey, and all its rich furniture shall fall into the hands of the victorious enemy (Na 2:9); they shall thus animate and excite one another to plunder: Take the spoil of silver; take the spoil of gold; thus the officers shall stir up the soldiers to improve their opportunity; here are silver and gold enough for them, for there is no end of the store of money and plate. Nineveh, having been of old like a pool of water, has gathered a vast deal of mud; and abundance of glory it has out of all the pleasant furniture, all the vessels of desire, which they have gloried in and which shall now be a prey and a pride to the conquerors. Note, Those who prepare raiment as the clay, and heap up silver as the dust, know not who may put on the raiment and divide the silver, Job 27:16,17. Thus this rich city is empty, and void, and waste, Na 2:10. See the vanity of worldly wealth; instead of defending its owners, it does but expose them, and enable their enemies to do them so much the more mischief. 4. The soldiers and people shall have no heart to appear for the defence of the city. Their spirits shall melt away like wax before the fire; their knees shall smite together (as Belshazzar's did, in his agony, Da 5:6), so that they shall not be able to stand their ground, no, nor to make their escape; much pain shall be in all loins, as is the case in extreme frights, so that they shall not be able to hold up their backs. And the faces of them all shall gather blackness, like that of a pot that is every day over the fire; so the word signifies. Note, Guilt in the conscience will fill men with terror in an evil day, and those who place their happiness in the wealth of this world and set their hearts upon it think themselves undone when their silver, and their gold, and their pleasant furniture are taken from them.
11-13
The Judgment of Nineveh (710 BC)
日本語
ニネベの裁き(紀元前710年)
¹¹ 獅子の住処はどこにあるのか。若い獅子の餌場はどこにあるのか。獅子、老獅子、獅子の子が歩き回り、これを恐れる者がいなかった所は。
¹² 獅子は子のために十分に引き裂き、獅子の雌のために絞め殺し、穴を獲物で、巣をかすめ物で満たした。
¹³ 見よ。わたしはあなたに敵する、万軍の主は仰せられる。わたしは煙の中で彼女の戦車を焼き、剣があなたの若い獅子を食い尽くす。わたしは地からあなたの獲物を断ち切り、あなたの使いの声はもはや聞かれない。
ここにニネベの滅亡がある。1. その隣人たちによって勝ち誇られる。彼らは今、ニネベの栄華と繁栄のうちに犯されたすべての抑圧と権力の乱用を思い出す(Na 2:11,12)。獅子の住処はどこにあるのか。それは消え去った。その名残も、足跡も現れない。若い獅子の餌場はどこにあるのか、彼らが獲物で飽き足りた所。ニネベの君たちは獅子であった、獲物を取る獣のようで。残酷な暴君はそれ以上のものではない。いや、この点ではるかに悪い。人間であるからには、人間性が彼らに期待される。いや、もし本当に獅子であれば、同類の者を餌食にしないであろうに。恐ろしい熊ですら互いに合意するというのに。しかし人間の姿の中に獅子の残酷さを持っていた。彼らは森の獅子のようにニネベを歩き回り、彼らを恐れる者はいなかった。皆が彼らを畏れ、彼らは誰からも危険の恐れを持たなかった。彼らを愛する者はいなくても、皆が彼らを恐れた。それが彼らの望みすべてであった。憎め、ただ恐れよ。王自身も、すべての君と同じく、暴力と強奪のあらゆる術によって、自分を富ませ、一族を高めることに務めた。彼は子のために十分に引き裂き(子らにとっては少しでは足りないであろうが)、獅子の雌のために絞め殺し、近づくすべてを殺し、子どもたちのために、妻やそばめのために彼らの所有するものを奪い、穴を獲物で、巣をかすめ物で満たした、獅子が常習するように。注意せよ。多くの者が、妻や子どもを養うという口実で強奪と不義を正当化する。しかし、そのように得たものは決して彼らの善とならない。主を恐れ、正直に得たものを持つ者は、自分と家族のための十分な分け前を欠くことはない。まことに彼らは養われる。一方、若い獅子は、穴と巣が彼らのために獲物と掠奪物で満たされても、欠け、飢えに苦しむ(Ps 34:10)。2. それは天と地の義なる裁き主によって認められる。それは神のわざであり、全世界がそれがそうであることを認めよ(Na 2:13)。見よ。わたしはあなたに敵する、万軍の主は仰せられる。彼女の防衛のために軍勢が何の役に立つだろうか。万軍の主が彼女の滅亡のために彼女に敵する時。ニネベの圧迫者たちは、自分たちがただ隣人を敵に回した、自分たちの相手にならず、たやすく圧倒できる者たちだと考えていた。しかしそれは、神を敵に回したことが明らかになった。神は権利の擁護者であり、不正の復讐者であり、今もそうであり、今後もそうである。神はニネベの君たちに敵する。その時、(1.) これらの軍事準備は彼らの役に立たない。わたしは煙の中で彼女の戦車を焼く。火の中でとは言わず、軽蔑して、神の憤りの煙だけで彼らの戦車を焼くのに十分である。神の憤りの火が点火されると、まだ煙り、炎となって出ない間に、彼らは消費される。あるいは、戦車の御者たちは煙で窒息し、窒息させられる。その時、彼らの栄光の戦車は彼らの家族の恥となる(Isa 22:18)。(2.) 彼らの子どもたち、家族の希望は断たれる。剣があなたの若い獅子を食い尽くす、彼らが強奪とゆすりによって養うことにこれほど懸念した者たち。注意せよ。罪なる道によって子どもたちを富ませる者から、神が子どもたちを、あるいは(同じことだが)子どもたちにおける慰めを奪い取られるのは正義である。ある人々について言われたように、息子を紳士にするために自らの魂を地獄に落とす。(3.) 彼らが詐欺と暴力によって積み上げた富は、彼らによって楽しまれず、彼らのために用いられない。わたしは地からあなたの獲物を断ち切る。あなたはそれによって良くならないばかりでなく、他の誰もそうならない。ある人々はこれを、将来にわたって隣人を餌食にする力を奪われることと理解する。(4.) 国外の代理人は、隣人たちからの尊重と影響力を持たない。あなたの使いの声はもはや聞かれない、もはや顧みられない。ある人々はこれがラブシャケ、ニネベの使者の一人、生ける神を冒涜した者に言及すると考える。その不義はずっと後までニネベに対して覚えられた。一度神に対して冒涜的に語った者は、再び聞かれるに値しない。
英語原文
The Judgment of Nineveh (710 BC)
¹¹ Where is the dwelling of the lions, and the feeding-place of the young lions, where the lion, even the old lion, walked, and the lion's whelp, and none made them afraid?
¹² The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his holes with prey, and his dens with ravin.
¹³ Behold, I am against thee, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will burn her chariots in the smoke, and the sword shall devour thy young lions: and I will cut off thy prey from the earth, and the voice of thy messengers shall no more be heard.
Here we have Nineveh's ruin, 1. Triumphed in by its neighbours, who now remember against it all the oppressions and abuse of power it had been guilty of in its pomp and prosperity (Na 2:11,12): Where is the dwelling of the lions? It is gone; there appear no remnants, no footsteps, of it. Where is the feeding place of the young lions, where they glutted themselves with prey? The princes of Nineveh had been as lions, as beasts of prey; cruel tyrants are no better, nay, in this respect much worse—that, being men, humanity is expected from them; nay, if they were indeed lions, they would not prey upon those of their own kind. Savis inter se convenit ursæ—Fierce bears agree together. But in the shape of men they had the cruelty of lions: they walked in Nineveh as a lion in the woods, and none made them afraid; every one stood in awe of them, and they were under no apprehensions of danger from any; though nobody loved them, every body feared them, and that was all they desired. Oderint, dum metuant—Let them hate, so that they do but fear. The king himself, as well as every prince, made it his business, by all the arts of violence and extortion, to enrich himself and raise his family; he did tear in pieces enough for his whelps (and no little would be enough for them) and he strangled for his lioness, killed all that came near him, and seized what they had for his children, for his wives and concubines, and filled his holes with prey and his dens with ravin, as lions are wont to do. Note, Many make it an excuse for their rapine and injustice that they have wives and children to provide for, whereas what is so got will never do them any good; those that fear the Lord, and get what they have honestly, shall not want a competency for themselves and theirs; verily they shall be fed, when the young lions, though dens and holes were filled with prey and ravin for them, shall lack, and suffer hunger, Ps 34:10. 2. It is avowed by the righteous Judge of heaven and earth; it is his doing, and let all the world take notice that it is so (Na 2:13): Behold, I am against thee, saith the Lord of hosts. And what good can hosts do for her in her defence, when the Lord of hosts is against her for her destruction? The oppressors in Nineveh thought they only set their neighbours against them, who were not a match for them, and whom they could easily overpower; but it proved they set God against them, who is, and will be, the asserter of right and the avenger of wrong. God is against the princes of Nineveh, and then, (1.) These military preparations will stand them in no stead: I will burn their chariots in the smoke; he does not say in the fire, but, in contempt of them, the very smoke of God's indignation shall serve to burn their chariots; they shall be consumed as soon as the fire of his indignation is kindled, while as yet it does but smoke, and not flame out. Or, The drivers of the chariots shall be smothered and stifled with the smoke; then the chariots of their glory shall be the shame of their families, Isa 22:18. (2.) Their children, the hopes of their families, shall be cut off: The sword shall devour the young lions, whom they were so solicitous to provide for by oppression and extortion. Note, It is just with God to deprive those of their children, or (which is all one) of comfort in them, that take sinful courses to enrich them, and (as has been said of some) damn their souls to make their sons gentlemen. (3.) The wealth they have heaped up by fraud and violence shall neither be enjoyed by them nor employed for them: I will cut off thy prey from the earth; not only thou shalt not be the better for it, but no one else shall. Some understand it of the disabling of them for the future to prey upon their neighbours. (4.) Their agents abroad shall not have that respect from their neighbours and that influence upon them which sometimes they had had: The voice of thy messengers shall no more be heard, no more be heeded, which some think refers to Rabshakeh, one of Nineveh's messengers, that had blasphemed the living God, an iniquity which was remembered against Nineveh long after. Those are not worthy to be heard again that have once spoken reproachfully of God.
次に私たちは、かの大都市ニネベに一層近づく。彼女は自らの軍勢の壊滅と王の没落によって警告を受けることなく、それゆえ神に対する敵意を固守する以上、神が彼女に対する論争を進められることが期待されよう。ここでは次のことが予告されている。I. ニネベを滅ぼすべき敵の接近と、その軍備の恐るべきさま(Na 2:1-5)。II. この都市の陥落(Na 2:6)。III. 王妃の捕囚、住民の逃亡、全富の略奪、そして彼女が陥るべき大恐慌(Na 2:7-10)。IV. これらはすべてその真の原因にまで遡及される――すなわち彼らが神に向かって罪を犯し、神が彼らに敵対して現れたことである(Na 2:11-13)。これらはすべて、ネブカデネザルがその治世の第一年に、メディヤの王キュアクサレス(すなわちアハシュエロス)と連合してニネベを征服し、アッシリヤ帝国の支配者となった時に成就した。