성경 주석서

In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years.

Began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign. — Heb., He reigned, sc., as an absolute king, and no longer a vassal or tributary to the king of Assyria as before. Vatab.

Over Israel nine years, — viz., Four in the days of Ahaz, and five of Hezekiah.

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And he did [that which was] evil in the sight of the LORD, but not as the kings of Israel that were before him.

But not as the kings of Israel that were before him. — For he suffered his subjects to go up to the passover celebrated by Hezekiah when he invited them, 2 Chronicles 30:11 and to worship the Lord as they thought meet. Sulpitius Severus therefore is out when he saith of Hoshea, Hic ultra omnes superiores reges impius, …; this king being wicked above all that went before him, procured to himself punishment from God, and to his nation perpetual captivity. For he was better than his predecessors, as here appeareth; and the iniquity of the people was now full. It is not the last sand that exhausteth the hour glass, nor the last stroke of the axe that felleth the tree; so here.

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Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents.

Against him came up Shalmaneser. — Son to Tiglathpileser, and father to Sennacherib; not the same with Sennacherib, as Eusebius maketh him. Under this Shalmaneser Tobias was carried captive, and he seemeth to be the same with that Shalman Hosea 10:14 who "spoiled Betharbel" - famous afterwards for the overthrow of Darius there - "in the day of battle; the mother was dashed in pieces upon her children."

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And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as [he had done] year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison.

And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea, — sc., With So, king of Egypt, to whom he had sent ambassadors, and afterwards denied to pay his yearly tribute, as 2 Kings 17:3 .

For he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt. — Jerome calleth him Sua; he seemeth to be the same with Sabicon the Ethiopian, African. who had taken Bocchoris in battle, and reigned in Egypt eight years in his stead. Whence Chrysostom In Johan., homil, xxx. saith that Hoshea was confederate with the Ethiopians; and Sulpitius Hist. Sac., lib. i. saith that he sent for help to the king of the Ethiopians, who then ruled over Egypt.

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Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years.

Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land. — Like an overflowing flood; having first seized upon the country of the Moabites, that he might leave nothing behind him that might be to his prejudice, Ar and Kirharaseth being destroyed, as had been foretold three years before. See Isaiah 16:1-14 cum notis Tremellii.

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In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in Habor [by] the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.

And carried Israel away into Assyria. — Whither Tiglathpileser had before carried five of the tribes. 1 Chronicles 5:26 And this was the end of the Israelitish kingdom, after it had stood two hundred and fifty-four years; the time being now come of which the prophet Isaiah had spoken, saying, Within sixty-five years Ephraim shall be wasted, so that he shall not be a people. This time began, say the Hebrews, in the twenty-fifth year of Uzziah, when their carrying away captive was first threatened by Amos.

And placed them in Halah and in Habor. — Which are in Media and Persia, saith Josephus; among the Colchians and Iberians, saith Scaliger; the Tartarians, saith Genebrard, where certain places are known still by the names of Dan, Nephthalim, and Zebulon, … The name also of Tartars, alias Tatari or Totari, is supposed by some to come from the Hebrew word Tothar, which signifieth a residue or remnant. Iudicium sit penes lectorem.

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For [so] it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

For so it was that the children of Israel had sinned. — Their iniquity was their ruin. Out of Hosea and Amos their sins may be gathered; and especially their abominable idolatry, contempt of God’s prophets, and abuse of his benefits. Of the ruin of the Greek empire, the historian assigneth these for the chief causes: - first the innovation and change of their ancient religion, by Michael Paleologus, whereof ensued a world of woes: then covetousness, coloured with the name of good husbandry, the utter destruction of the chief strength of the empire. Next unto that, envy, the ruin of the great; false suspect, the looser of friends; ambition, honour’s overthrow; distrust, the great mind’s torment; and foreign aid, the empire’s unfaithful porter, opening the gate even to the enemy himself; whereunto foul discord joined, what wanted that the barbarous enemy could desire, for the helping of them in the supplanting of so great an empire! Turk. Hist., 178.

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And walked in the statutes of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they had made.

And of the kings of Israel. — They made them kings, and those kings made statutes of their own devising, without God’s approbation, Micah 6:16 and the people loved to have it so.

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