Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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여러 공개 도메인 주석서와 성서하우 한글 번역을 책과 장별로 탐색합니다. 주석서를 전환하며 번역만 읽거나 원문과 번역을 나란히 볼 수 있습니다.
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Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
학술+가독 균형 전권 주석
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
준전권 준학술 (권별 저자·연도 확인)
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
헬라어 신약 학술 (권별 저자 PD 확인 필요)
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
Joseph Benson · 1815
웨슬리안 전권 주석
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
설교형 강해 명저 (전권, 절별 가공 필요)
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
Thomas Coke · 1803
감리교 전권 주석
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, that they should be ready against that day.
The copy of the writing … was published — Phathsegin, a Syriac word, saith R. David, and not found but in the books about the captivity. The Vulgate rendereth it Summa, highest, R. Nathan τυπος , to the same sense. Transcripts of the original were sent to all places, that none might be ignorant or negligent in doing execution. But why did not the Jews upon such notice save themselves by flight, may some say? Alas, whither should the poor souls flee with their families? being compassed about with so many deadly enemies, having none that durst own them in that distress? It was a just wonder, and a special work of God, that their enemies forbore to fall upon them before the black day came, if but for the sake of spoil. We read, Esther 9:1 ; Esther 9:5-11 that notwithstanding the known favour of the king, the patronage of Mordecai, and the hanging up of Haman, …, the thirteenth of Adar is still meant to be a bloody day. Haman’s abettors join together to perform that sentence, whereof the author repented, … But God was seen in the mount; he loveth to help those that are forsaken from their hopes, as he did these poor prisoners then, when it might seem that there was neither left unto them hope of better or place of worse. Who would not therefore trust in God? Deo confisi nunquam confusi? Trust in God will surely triumph.
That they should be ready against that day — That long looked for day by Haman and his party, wherein they meant to roll themselves, and wallow in the blood of those Jews, and to say, as Hannibal did, when he saw a ditch filled with man’s blood, O iucundum spectaculum! O pleasant sight! Or as Valesus, when he had slain three hundred, O rem regiam! O kingly act! Or as that queen, who, when she saw some of her Protestant subjects lying dead and stripped upon the earth, cried out, the godliest tapestry that ever she beheld! Are not such blood suckers of the vulturine kind spoken of in Job, whose young ones glut-glut blood (the original word seemeth made from the sound), "and where the slain are there is she," Job 39:30 .
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15. 왕과 하만은 앉아 마시되 수산 성은 어지럽더라--이 절의 묘사적 완성도는 절묘하다. 역사가가 단순한 한 붓질로, 자기 총애하는 자와 함께 감각적 쾌락에 빠져 뒹구는 동방의 전제군주를 생생하게 그려냈다. 그동안 그의 폭압적 잔혹함은 수천 신민의 마음과 가정을 찢어 놓고 있었다.
수산 성이 어지러웠다 - 수사는 이제 페르시아의 수도였고, 높은 지위의 페르시아인들이 주로 거주하는 곳이었다. 조로아스터교에 속해 있던 이들은 자연스럽게 유대인들에게 공감했을 것이며, 그들의 멸망 위협에 동요했을 것이다. 이러한 연합의 끈을 떠나서도, 그 조서는 사려 깊은 시민들을 “어지럽게” 하기에 충분할 만큼 기이하고 불길했다.
역졸들 - 문자적으로는 파발꾼들, 곧 공문서를 운반하는 hircarrahs를 뜻한다. 이는 가장 먼 고대부터 세계 모든 민족 가운데 사용되어 온 일종의 공적 관리들이었다.
그 조서가 수산에서 내려지니 - 그것은 왕이 그때 있던 왕도 수사에서 날짜가 적힌 것이다.
수산 성이 어지러워하더라 - 사람들은 이 악한 조치 때문에 머지않아 온 성읍이 혼란에 빠질 것을 보았다. 이 조서의 직접 대상은 유대인들뿐이었지만, 그것이 군중을 그들에게 대항해 무장시켰으므로, 절박한 폭도가 사람의 피 맛을 보기 시작하고 살해당한 자들의 재산으로 부자가 되려 한다면 페르시아인들조차 약탈을 피할 희망이 없었다. 게다가 많은 페르시아 가문들이 의심할 바 없이 유대인 가문들과 통혼으로 결합되어 있었고, 그런 학살에서는 그들도 필연적으로 유대인들과 같은 운명을 함께할 수밖에 없었다. 어떤 정부도 이보다 더 어리석고, 수치스럽고, 잔혹한 조치를 만든 적이 없었다. 이런 명령을 내린 왕은 어리석은 자였고, 그것을 조언한 고문들은 미친 자들이었을 것이라고 생각하지 않을 수 없다. 그러나 전제 정치는 언제나 터무니없음과 잔혹함을 행할 수 있다. 그것은 대중의 자유와 행복의 재앙인 동시에, 정치적 지혜와 모든 시민 제도의 수치이기 때문이다. 국가 안의 전제와 폭정은 모욕당한 정의가 죄 많은 나라에 내릴 수 있는 가장 직접적인 저주이다.
역졸들이 왕의 명령으로 재촉을 받아 나갔다..... 출발하는 일과 가능한 한 빨리 전달하는 일 둘 다에서 그러했다.
그 조서는 수산 궁에서 내려졌다. 왕에 의해, 그리고 그의 궁정 신하들의 조언과 함께 내려진 것이다.
왕과 하만은 앉아서 마셨다. 아마도 하만이 왕이 자기에게 허락한 일에 감사하여 마련한 잔치였을 것이다. 두 사람 모두 이루어진 일로 크게 기뻐하였다.
그러나 수산 성은 당혹스러워하였다. 앞선 탈굼이 말하듯, 궁정은 뜻이 일치했지만 성읍은 갈라져 있었다. 이방 민족들의 기쁨과 이스라엘 백성의 울음이 함께 있었기 때문이다. 그 성읍에는 유대인이 많았고, 의심할 바 없이 그들과 혼인 관계나 우정이나 상업을 통해 연결되어 그들을 염려한 이들도 많았을 것이다. 또는 적어도 그들은 그런 야만적인 계략에 충격을 받았고, 그 일이 어디에서 끝날지, 또 일단 폭도들에게 그런 권세가 주어지면 자기들까지 그 일에 얼마나 말려들 수 있을지 알지 못했다.
By the king’s commandment; either by this decree made in the king’s name, or by some particular and succeeding command, which Haman could easily obtain from the king.
The city Shushan was perplexed; not only the Jews, but a great number of the citizens, either because they were related to them, or engaged with them in worldly concerns; or out of humanity and compassion towards so vast a number of innocent people, now appointed as sheep for the slaughter; or out of a fear either of some sedition and disturbance which might arise by this means; or of some damage which might accrue to themselves or friends, who haply under this pretence might be exposed to rapine or slaughter; or of a public judgment of God upon them all for so bloody a decree.
Verse 15. - The posts went out, being hastened. Though there was ample time, since the remotest part of the empire could be reached in a month, or two at the most, yet the posts were "hastened," Haman being impatient, lest the king should change his mind, and decline to publish the edict. The king may himself also have wished to have the matter settled past recall. The king sat down with Haman to drink. This touch seems intended to mark their hardness of heart. As Nero "fiddled while Rome was burning," so these two, having assigned a nation to destruction, proceeded to enjoy themselves at "a banquet of wine." But the city of Susa was perplexed. The Jews had enemies in Susa (Esther 9:12-15); but the bulk of the inhabitants being Persians, and so Zoroastrians, would be likely to sympathise with them. There might also be a widespread feeling among persons of other nationalities that the precedent now set was a dangerous one. Generally the people of the capital approved and applauded what. ever the great king did. Now they misdoubted the justice, and perhaps even the prudence, of what was resolved upon. The decree threw them into perplexity.
Esther 3:14-15. The copy of the writing to be given in every province — Copies of this original decree of the king were sent into every province, and there ordered to be published, requiring the people to be ready against the day appointed. The posts went out, being hastened by the king’s commandment — Either by this decree made in the king’s name, or by some particular and succeeding command which Haman obtained from the king. And the king and Haman sat down to drink — Haman was afraid, probably, lest the king’s conscience should smite him for what he had done, and he should begin to wish it undone again; to prevent which he engrossed him to himself, and kept him drinking. This cursed method many take to drown their convictions, and harden their own hearts, and the hearts of others, in sin. But the city Shushan was perplexed — Not only the Jews, but a great number of the citizens, either because they were related to them, or engaged with them in worldly concerns; or out of humanity and compassion toward so vast a number of innocent people, appointed as sheep for the slaughter. They might apprehend likewise that, upon the execution of the decree, some sedition or tumult might ensue; that in so great a slaughter it was hard to tell who would escape without being killed or plundered, because those who were employed in this bloody work would be more mindful to enrich themselves than to observe their orders. They might also fear that a public judgment from God would come upon them all for so bloody a decree.
We see in the exaltation of Haman, recorded in this chapter, and in his subsequent fall, that God sometimes permits wicked men to arrive at the highest degree of honour and power, but that he soon brings them low, and exposes them to shame and misery. And we learn by the sequel of this history, that he suffered things to proceed to extremities, only the more effectually to confound Haman; and convince the Jews, in a more surprising manner, of his care and protection. We see also the sin and folly of Ahasuerus, in giving credit too easily to Haman’s suggestion against the Jews, by which credulity he had well nigh occasioned many millions of innocent persons to perish. This shows how dangerous it is to listen to detracters, and that we ought never to credit evil reports till we have first inquired and ascertained the truth of them.