Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
학술+가독 균형 전권 주석
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
준전권 준학술 (권별 저자·연도 확인)
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
헬라어 신약 학술 (권별 저자 PD 확인 필요)
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
Joseph Benson · 1815
웨슬리안 전권 주석
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
설교형 강해 명저 (전권, 절별 가공 필요)
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
Thomas Coke · 1803
감리교 전권 주석
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
난외에 언급된 구절들에 대한 주석을 참조하라.
모세에게 정복당한 요단 동편 왕들의 명단과 그 영토(여호수아 12:1-6). 여호수아에게 정복당한 요단 서편 왕들의 명단으로, 그 수가 서른하나이다(7-24절).
여호수아 12장 서론
이 장은 모세의 시대와 여호수아의 시대에 이스라엘이 이룬 정복을 짧게 서술한다. 먼저 모세의 시대에 요단 저편에 있던 시혼과 옥의 나라를 다루니, 모세는 그 땅을 르우벤과 갓 두 지파와 므낫세 반 지파에게 주었고, 그 경계가 낱낱이 서술된다. Joshua 12:1. 다음으로 여호수아가 정복한 요단 이편의 왕들과 지방들을 다룬다. Joshua 12:7. 또 서른한 나라의 이름이 열거되니, 이는 뒤에 각 지파에게 나뉘어 그들이 차지한 것이 무엇이었는지 정확히 알고 살필 수 있게 하려는 것이다. Joshua 12:9.
XII.
THIRD DIVISION OF THE BOOK.
SUMMARY OF THE CONQUERED TERRITORY.
(a) According to kings.
(2) Sihon king of the Amorites . . .—For a description of his territory see Deuteronomy 2:31-37.
(4) Og king of Bashan.—See Deuteronomy 3:11.
(6) Them did Moses the servant of the Lord . . . smite.—The continuity of the work of Moses and Joshua should be noticed. The land which God gave to Israel is made up of two portions: (1) a territory on the east of Jordan conquered by Moses, and given by him to two and a half tribes, as the “portion of the law-giver;” (2) a territory on the west of Jordan, of larger extent, conquered by Joshua, and given to nine and a half tribes. But the conquest of Canaan is one enterprise, begun by Moses and finished by Joshua. And the land of Israel is one country, though divided by Jordan into two portions. The analogy between the work of Moses and Joshua in this literal conquest, and the work of Moses and the true Joshua in respect of the inheritance of the Church of God, which was partly won before the passage of Jordan—i.e., before the death of Christ—but much more afterwards, is too plain to be overlooked.
(7) And these are the kings of the country which Joshua . . . smote.—There are two kings reckoned to Moses, and thirty-one to Joshua; making a total of thirty-three. Yet the two slain by Moses are individually represented as far greater than any who are named in this book. And in the Psalms, in more than one place, we have “Sihon king of the Amorites, and Og the king of Bashan” expressed by name, and the rest only summarised, as “all the kingdoms of Canaan” (Psalm 135:11-12; Psalm 136:19-20.).
From Baal-gad . . . unto the mount Halak.—See Joshua 11:17.
(9-24) These verses give a list of the thirty-one kings defeated by Joshua. The order of the conquest is followed. We have first the kings of Jericho and Ai; (2) the kings overcome in the southern campaign (Joshua 10) from the king of Jerusalem (Joshua 12:10) to the king of Makkedah (Joshua 12:16). Among these, the kings of Geder, Hormah, Arad, and Adullam have not been previously mentioned in Joshua, nor is the capture of Jarmuth mentioned. The names Hormah and Arad both occur in Numbers 21:1; Numbers 21:3, where the town of Arad is, after its destruction by Israel, called Hormah. As the cities of the king of Arad are mentioned in that place, it is possible that the Hormah and Arad of this chapter may both be of the number. Or they may be different places. It is also just possible that the capture of those cities may be mentioned in Numbers 21 by anticipation, and that the attack of Arad on Israel was not fully avenged until the conquest of Canaan by Joshua. (3) We next read of the kings conquered in the rest of the country, whose cities ranged from Bethel on the south to Hazor on the north. Of the capture of these cities we have no details, with the exception of Hazor (Joshua 11:10). And it should be carefully noticed how very few of them are in the centre of the country.
The cities mentioned in Joshua 12:9-16 have all been mentioned before, with the exception of Geder, Joshua 12:13 (the Geder of Joshua 15:58), which is identified as Jedûr, in the Hebron mountains.
(16-24) The town of Bethel, on the borders of Benjamin and Ephraim, which passed from the one tribe to the other (Joshua 18:22 and 1Kings 12:29), seems to mark the geographical transition in this list from the territory conquered in the southern campaign of Joshua, to that which he conquered in his northern campaign.
(17) Tappuah.—There were two cities of this name—viz., one in Judah (Joshua 15:34) and one in Ephraim (Joshua 16:8; Joshua 17:8). The latter is probably intended here. This town was on the borders of Ephraim and Manasseh, and nearly all the towns that follow, so far as identified, lie in a northerly direction. This confirms the opinion already expressed, that a large portion of the centre of Palestine was comparatively uncleared and unoccupied at the time of the conquest.
Hepher is not identified, unless it could be the same as Gath-hepher or Gittah-hepher in Zebulun (Joshua 19:13).
(18) Aphek is a name belonging to six different towns, according to Conder, who does not, however, profess to identify this one. Three of those which he does identify lie in the northern districts.
Lasharon.—Rather, perhaps, Sharon (the first syllable seems to be the Hebrew prefix “to the”). Sharon, in every place (except one) where the name occurs in the Old Testament, has the definite article, and appears as Hassharon; and so in the critical text of Acts 9:35, Assaron rather than Saron. It is the Sharon, or plain; and the king of Lasharon seems to mean the king of that district. Madon, Hazor, and Shimron-meron have been identified as northern towns in Joshua 11
(20) Achshaph is thought to be El-Yasif, in the tribe of Asher.
(21) Taanach is Tânah, in the territory of Issachar, but belonging to Manasseh (Joshua 17:11). Megiddo, though famous in Old Testament history, is not yet identified with certainty, though it appears to survive in Mujedd’a, in the plain of Jezreel, near Beisan (Bethshan).
(22) Kedesh is probably Kedesh-Naphtali, and survives in Kedes. There are two others, according to Conder. 1 Chron. (1Chronicles 6:72 and 1Chronicles 6:76) proves that there are two places of the name; but is he right in supposing that the Kedesh of Judges 4:11 differs from Kedesh-Naphtali in Judges 4:6? Jokneam of Carmel is identified as Tell Keimûn.
(23) Dor—i.e., Tantûra.
Gilgal (there are three places of this name also) is probably Jiljilieh, in the plain of Sharon.
(24) Tirzah is thought to be Teiasîr, in the territory of Manasseh.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
수 12:1-6.
모세가 취하여 분배한 그 나라들의 두 왕.
1. 이스라엘 자손이 쳐서 요단 저쪽에서 그 땅을 차지한 그 땅의 왕들은 이러하니라--이 장은 약속의 땅에서 이루어진 정복을 요약하고 있으며, 성경 역사에서 이전에는 언급되지 않았던 몇몇 장소들을 덧붙여 언급한다. 남쪽의 아르논 강과 북쪽의 헤르몬 산은 요단 너머에서 이스라엘 사람들이 획득한 땅의 각각의 경계였다(다음을 보라
민 21:21-24; 신 2:36; 3:3-16
[그리고 다음을 보라
신 2:24]).
“동쪽의 온 평지” - 곧 요단 강 동쪽 강둑을 따라 있는 아라바 또는 낮은 지대를 가리키며, 현대의 엘 고르이다(민수기 22:1 참조).
아르논 강에서 헤르몬 산까지 — 아르논은 요단 저편에서 이스라엘이 점령한 땅의 온 남쪽 경계였고, 헤르몬 산은 북쪽 경계였다. 아르논은 길르앗 산지에서 발원하여 북에서 남으로 오래 흐른 뒤, 요단이 흘러드는 곳과 거의 같은 자리에서 사해로 흘러든다.
그리고 동편의 온 평지 — 모압 평지에서 헤르몬 산에 이르는 온 땅이다.
이 장은 이스라엘의 정복을 요약한다. I. 모세 아래서 요단 건너편, 곧 동쪽에서 이룬 정복(이제 우리는 자신들이 가나안 안에 있다고 생각한다). 우리는 그 역사를 민 21:24-35 등에서 보았다. 여기에는 그 역사의 요약이 있다, 수 12:1-6. II. 여호수아 아래서 요단 이쪽, 곧 서쪽에서 이룬 정복. 1. 그들이 굴복시킨 지역, 수 12:7,8. 2. 그들이 정복한 왕들, 모두 서른한 명, 수 12:9-24. 이것은 여기서 가나안 전쟁 역사의 결론으로 들어올 뿐 아니라(그들이 얻은 것을 한눈에 보게 하려고), 가나안 분배 역사의 서문으로도 들어온다. 이는 그들이 분배하지 않아야 할 것들을 모두 한데 모아 두기 위함이다.