성경 주석서

« A Song of degrees. » Many a time have they afflicted me from my youth, may Israel now say:

Many a time — Or, much, and long.

Have they — i.e. The persecutors that deserve not a name. The rich man is not named (as Lazarus is), because not worthy, Luke 16:19 . They shall be written in the earth, Jeremiah 17:13 .

Afflictcted me — i.e. The whole community of saints; spoken of here in the singular, for their, 1. unity; 2. paucity.

From my youth — The first that ever died, died for religion; so early came martyrdom into the world.

May Israel now say — Who yet are promised peace, Psalms 128:6 ; but so was Josiah, and yet he died in battle, 2 Chronicles 34:28 . But the very God of peace had sanctifed him throughout, and so altered the property of his affliction, that it was subservient to his salvation.

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Many a time have they afflicted me from my youth: yet they have not prevailed against me.

Many a time, … — Anadiplosis ad exaggerationem, q.d. They have done it and done it again, but could never achieve their design, viz. to supplant and eradicate me; which might not be. Oppugnarunt (non expugnarunt, however the Vulgate so rendereth here). The Church is invincible. Athens took upon her of old to be so; and Venice alate boasteth the like; but time hath confuted the one, and may soon do the other; when the Church shall stand firm, because founded on a rock. More truly may it be said of it than it was once of Troy,

Obruet hostiles illa ruina domes

(Ovid. de Fast.).

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The plowers plowed upon my back: they made long their furrows.

The plowers plowed upon my back — Which was never without some cross upon it, yea, some plough passing over it. The Church is God’s husbandry; and he will be sure to plough his several, whatever becometh of the wild waste. She is his threshingfloor, Isaiah 21:10 , and hath but little rest or respite. Enemies are flails to thresh off our husks, files to brighten our graces, ploughs and harrows, without which we should bear but a very thin crop. God’s people do γεωργειν τας συμφορας , sow the seed of prayer in the long furrows which those ploughers made on their backs; like as the Jews in their feasts break their glasses, as Jerusalem was broken.

They made long their furrows — Heb. furrow; as if there were totum pro vulnere corpus. Here, haply, the psalmist alludeth to those exquisite torments whereunto many of the martyrs were put, sulcati fidiculis.

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The LORD [is] righteous: he hath cut asunder the cords of the wicked.

The Lord is righteous — That is a ruled case, and must be held for a certain truth, whatever we are, or our persecutors.

He hath cut asunder the cords of the wicked — That is, their harness, their plough traces ( nam continuatur tropus rusticus ), so that the plough is loose and the horses at liberty; all their forces and designs are broken.

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Let them all be confounded and turned back that hate Zion.

Let them all be confounded, … — And if those that hate Zion, how much more those that hurt her with their virulent tongues or violent hands!

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Let them be as the grass [upon] the housetops, which withereth afore it groweth up:

Let them be as the grass, … — They are cursed with a witness whom the Holy Ghost thus curseth in such an emphatic manner, in such exquisite terms.

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Wherewith the mower filleth not his hand; nor he that bindeth sheaves his bosom.

Wherewith the mower filleth not his hand — As holding it not worth gathering in. Wicked men are useless creatures; as Stratonicus, in Athenaeus, saith, that the hill Haemus was for eight months in the year very cold, and for the other four it was winter.

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