Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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학습 자료
성경 주석서
여러 공개 도메인 주석서와 성서하우 한글 번역을 책과 장별로 탐색합니다. 주석서를 전환하며 번역만 읽거나 원문과 번역을 나란히 볼 수 있습니다.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
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Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
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John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
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Calvin's Commentaries
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
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Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
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The Pulpit Commentary
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
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Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
학술+가독 균형 전권 주석
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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
준전권 준학술 (권별 저자·연도 확인)
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Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
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The Expositor's Greek Testament
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
헬라어 신약 학술 (권별 저자 PD 확인 필요)
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Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
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Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments
Joseph Benson · 1815
웨슬리안 전권 주석
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The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)
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MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
설교형 강해 명저 (전권, 절별 가공 필요)
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The People's New Testament
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
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Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible
Thomas Coke · 1803
감리교 전권 주석
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Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
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Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
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장의 분석
이 장, 곧 요한계시록 18장은 앞에서 자주 언급된 그 무서운 반기독교적 권세 위에 일곱째 대접이 부어지는 일(요한계시록 16:17-21)의 효과를 보여 주기 위해 마련된, 한층 더 나아간 “설명적 삽화”로 볼 수 있다(17장 분석을 비교하라). 이 장의 묘사는 부유한 상업 도시가 황폐하게 되는 모습이며, 동일한 일반 사상을 다른 형태 아래 전개하는 것일 뿐이다. 이 장은 다음 요점들로 이루어져 있다.
(1) 큰 권세를 가진 또 다른 천사가 하늘에서 내려오는 것이 보이고, 큰 바벨론이 무너졌으며 완전히 황폐하게 되었다고 선포한다(요한계시록 18:1-3).
(2) 하늘로부터 경고의 음성이 들려, 하나님의 백성에게 그 여자에게서 나와 그의 죄에 참여하지 말고 그의 재앙에도 참여하지 말라고 부른다. 그의 고통과 슬픔은 그의 교만과 사치에 비례할 것이며, 그의 재앙들은 갑자기 임할 것이다. 곧 사망과 애통과 기근과 불에 타 없어짐이다(요한계시록 18:4-8).
(3) 그의 몰락에 대한 애가가 이어진다. 특히 그와 연결되어 있었고, 그에게 부패되었으며, 그에게서 이익을 얻었던 자들이 애곡한다(요한계시록 18:9-19).
(a) 왕들에 의해, 요한계시록 18:9-10. 그들은 그와 함께 사치스럽게 살았고, 그를 위해 애통할 것이다.
(b) 상인들에 의해, 요한계시록 18:11-17. 그들은 그와 거래했으나 이제 그 거래는 그쳐야 했고, 아무도 그의 물건을 사지 않을 것이다. 그에 관한 한 그들의 사업은 끝났다. 그가 쌓아 둔 모든 것은 이제 파괴될 것이며, 그가 모은 모든 부는 소멸될 것이다. 그를 부유하게 만든 것들과 관련된 모든 거래가 끝날 것이며, 세마포와 자주색과 붉은 빛 옷을 입고 금과 보석과 진주로 장식된 것처럼, 이러한 것들로 다른 어떤 도시보다 더 부유해진 그 도시는 영원히 멸망할 것이다.
(c) 선장들과 선원들에 의해, 요한계시록 18:17-19. 그들은 이 거래로 부유해졌으나 이제 모든 것이 끝났다. 그가 불타는 연기가 올라가는 것이 보이고, 그들은 멀리 서서 운다.
(4) 그의 몰락에 대한 기쁨, 요한계시록 18:20. 하늘과 거룩한 사도들과 선지자들은 기뻐하라고 부름을 받는다. 그들의 피가 갚아졌고, 박해가 땅에서 그쳤기 때문이다.
(5) 그 도시의 최종 멸망, 요한계시록 18:21-24. 한 힘센 천사가 돌 하나를 들어 바다에 던지는데, 그것은 그 위에 임할 멸망의 상징이다. 그 안에서 거문고 타는 자들과 음악가들과 피리 부는 자들의 소리가 더 이상 들리지 않을 것이며, 어떤 장인도 거기 있지 않을 것이고, 맷돌 소리도 더 이상 들리지 않을 것이며, 등불 빛도 더 이상 거기 비치지 않을 것이고, 신랑과 신부의 음성도 더 이상 들리지 않을 것이다.
A luminous angel proclaims the fall of Babylon, and the cause of it, Revelation 18:1-3. The followers of God are exhorted to come out of it, in order to escape her approaching punishment, Revelation 18:4-8. The kings of the earth lament her fate, Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:10. The merchants also bewail her, Revelation 18:11. The articles in which she trafficked enumerated, Revelation 18:12-16. She is bewailed also by shipmasters, sailors, etc., Revelation 18:17-19. All heaven rejoices over her fall, and her final desolation is foretold, Revelation 18:20-24.
INTRODUCTION TO Revelation 18
This chapter gives an account of the fall of Babylon, and of the lamentation of many, and of the joy of others, by reason of it; which account is published by several angels: the first that declares her fall is described by his original, descending from heaven; by the great power he had; by his resplendent glory, and by his mighty cry in publishing her destruction; which is illustrated by the desolate condition she will be in upon her fall; the reasons of which are given, became the nations and kings of the earth had committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth were enriched by her luxury, Revelation 18:1. Another voice is heard from heaven, calling upon the people of God, first to come out of her, lest partaking of her sins they should share in her plagues, seeing her iniquities had reached to heaven, and were remembered before God; and next to take full vengeance on her, because she had glorified herself, lived deliciously, and in great security, Revelation 18:4. And then follows a continuation of the account of her destruction, what her plagues would be, death, mourning, famine, and fire; and which would be sudden, in one hour, and certain, from the power and justice of God, Revelation 18:8. Next follow the lamentations of the kings, merchants, and masters of ships, because of her greatness, riches, and merchandise, which are all come to nothing, Revelation 18:9. And then the church; the saints, apostles, and prophets, are called upon to rejoice at the vengeance taken on her, Revelation 18:20 upon which a mighty angel appears, who by an action signifies the manner of her destruction, and the irrecoverableness of her state and condition, Revelation 18:21 and declares her utter ruin, by affirming that nothing that was either delightful or profitable, or necessary or comfortable, should any more be found in her; giving the reasons of it, because of her luxury, idolatry, and bloodshed, Revelation 18:22.
XVIII.
THE FALL OF BABYLON.—In the commencement of the last chapter the angel (one of the vial-bearing angels) had promised to show the seer the judgment of the harlot (Revelation 18:1); he was accordingly shown first the vision of the scarlet-clad woman seated on the wild beast. The seer was filled with wonder, and the angel entered into explanation of the mystery of the woman, touching on her relation to the beast, and her ultimate doom, and revealing to him who she was. But though the angel has proclaimed her overthrow in his explanatory statement, the judgment of the harlot has not been seen in the vision; we must, in fact, regard the portion of the last chapter, from Revelation 18:7 to the end, as a kind of parenthesis, a pause in the drama of vision, the action of which is resumed in Revelation 18. Yet though the dramatic action is taken up, we are not shown in vision her actual overthrow; but we gather it from the four agencies which are put forward—the angel which proclaims her moral fall (Revelation 18:1-3); the voice from the heaven which gives the vivid description of her sudden overthrow, and of the marvellous sensation it occasioned (Revelation 18:4-20); the angel which tells the irremediable character of her overthrow (Revelation 18:21-24); and finally, the chorus of the heavenly multitude rejoicing over her fall (Revelation 19:1-4).
The Judgement on Babylon
Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Revelation 18 Introduction
CHAPTER 18
Revelation 18:1. The καὶ before μετὰ ταῦτα (Elz.) is, according to A, B, א, al. (Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]), to be deleted; cf. Revelation 7:1.
Revelation 18:2. Instead of ἐν ἰσχύϊ, φωνῇ μεγάλῃ (Elz., Ew. ii.), read ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ, according to decisive witnesses (Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]).
Revelation 18:4. In favor of ἐξέλθατε, A testifies (Lach. 1846, Tisch.; א: ἐξέλθεται; Elz.: ἐξέλθετε); but the plural may have been written because of what follows. According to B, C, ἔξελθε (Lach. 1850) has at least equal authority, although even this sing. may be an emendation because of the address, ὁ λ. μ.
Revelation 18:5. Instead of the interpretation ἠκολούθησαν (Elz.), Beng. already wrote, according to A, B, C: ἐκολλήθησαν (א).
Revelation 18:6. The ὑμῖν after ἀπέδωκεν (Elz.) is, in accordance with A, B, C, א, to be deleted (Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]). Likewise the αὐτῇ after διπλώσ.
Revelation 18:7. Before κάθημαι, there is lacking, in the Rec., an ὅτι (A, B, C, א, Lach., Tisch.).
Revelation 18:8. κρίνας. So A, B, C, א1, al., Beng., Griesb., Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]. The κρίνων (Elz.) is a poor effort at interpretation.
Revelation 18:13. κρὶ ἄμωμον. So A, C, א, Beng., Griesb., Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]. Already, in B, there is the error of an omission (Elz.).
Revelation 18:14. The σου belongs probably after ὀπώρα (A, C, א, Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]), and not after ψυχῆς (B, al., Elz.). The αὐτὰ must stand between οὐκέτι and οὐ μὴ (B, C, Lach., Tisch.), not at the close (Elz.). א has it before εὑρησ. (Tisch. IX. [W. and H.]). Instead of the modification εὑρήσης (Elz.), read, not εὕρῃς (B, Tisch.), but εὑρήσουσιν (A, C, א, al., Lach. [W. and H.]).
Revelation 18:17. ἐπὶ τόπον πλέων. So A, B, C, Griesb., Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]. א: ἐ. τὸν τὸπ. The Rec. ἐπὶ τῶν πλοίων ὁ ὅμιλος is an unauthorized interpretation.
After, in ch. 17, the great city has been brought to view under the σημεῖον of the great harlot, as the immediate object of God’s judgment, whose execution is now impending,[3908] there follows a description of this judgment. But this is shown[3909] to John, not in the way, as, e.g., Revelation 21:9 sqq., the bride of the Lamb was shown him,—i.e., the judicial act itself whereby the city is effaced, is not presented to the gazing prophet,—but the description of the judgment is communicated in another form. In Revelation 19:1 sqq., this is celebrated as actually completed. On the other hand, at the close of ch. 18, there impends the actual execution (Revelation 18:21-24);[3910] also in the centre (Revelation 18:4-20), the keynote of the description is future,[3911] which is directed also here to the actually still-impending judgment. Accordingly, Revelation 18:1-3 dare not be so understood as though the completion of the judgment were presupposed, as a matter of fact, and accordingly, that the same reference must be made also between Revelation 17:18 and Revelation 18:1; but after a mighty angel has proleptically[3912] proclaimed the judgment now immediately impending over the city, as has already been done, another voice sounds from heaven (Revelation 18:4-20), which first of all commands believers to flee out of the city, whose destruction is now to be accomplished (Revelation 18:5 sqq.), and then describes how the fall of the city will be lamented by the inhabitants of the earth. Finally, another angel (Revelation 18:21-24) shows, by a significant act, how quickly and completely the fall of the city shall be. The proper act of judgment upon the city, which is to be regarded as afterwards between Revelation 18:24 sq. and Revelation 19:1, John therefore does not see; but the more complete and manifest the statement in ch. 18, the more certainly is the promise of the angel in Revelation 17:1 fulfilled.
It is to be observed in all three parts of the description (ch. 18), how not only the whole is penetrated by an agreement with O. T. models, but also, especially, how, after the manner of the ancient prophets, the threat of judgment is not expressed without repeated allusion to the guilt of sin, whereby the just wrath of God is called forth.[3913]
[3908] Cf. Revelation 17:1, Revelation 15:1, Revelation 16:21.
[3909] Revelation 17:1[3910] Notice the future βληθήσεται, Revelation 18:21.
[3911] Cf. Revelation 18:4; Revelation 18:6; Revelation 18:8-9.
[3912] Cf. Revelation 11:15-19, Revelation 14:8.
[3913] Cf., already, Revelation 14:8; Revelation 14:15 sqq., Revelation 16:5; Revelation 16:19.
아직 번역이 없습니다.
우리는 여기서 다음과 같은 내용을 본다. I. 한 천사가 바벨론의 멸망을 선포함, 계 18:1,2. II. 그녀가 멸망하는 이유를 밝힘, 계 18:3. III. 하나님께 속한 모든 자들에게 그녀에게서 나오라고 경고하고(계 18:4,5), 그녀의 멸망에 협력하라고 명함, 계 18:6-8. IV. 그녀의 죄악 된 쾌락과 이익을 크게 함께 누렸던 자들이 그녀를 위하여 크게 애곡함, 계 18:9-19. V. 그녀의 회복할 수 없는 파멸을 보고 다른 이들 가운데 큰 기쁨이 있을 것임, 계 18:20-24 등이다.