성경 주석서

Bottles (ἀσκούς)

Rev., rightly, wine-skin,, though our word bottle originally carried the true meaning, being a bottle of leather. In Spanish, bota means a leather bottle, a boot, and a butt. In Spain wine is still brought to market in pig-skins. In the East, goat-skins are commonly used, with the rough side inward. When old, they break under the fermentation of the wine.

Is even now dead (ἄρτι ἐτελεύτησεν)

The literal force of the aorist tense is more graphic. Just now died.

Hem (κρασπέδου)

Rev., border. The fringe worn on the border of the outer garment, according to the command in Numbers 15:38. Dr. Edersheim ("Life and Times of Jesus") says that, according to tradition, each of the white fringes was to consist of eight threads, one of them wound round the others; first seven times, with a double knot; then eight times with a double knot; then eleven times with a double knot; and, lastly, thirteen times. The Hebrew characters representing these numbers formed the words Jehovah One.

Minstrels (αὐλητὰς)

More correctly, as Rev., flute-players, hired or volunteering as mourners.

Making a noise (θορυβούμενον)

Rev., tumult. Representing the loud screaming and wailing by the women. It is the word used in Acts 17:5 : "Set the city in an uproar."

Dumb (κωφὸν)

The word is also used of deafness (Matthew 11:5; Mark 7:32; Luke 7:22). It means dull or blunted. Thus Homer applies it to the earth; the dull, senseless earth ("Iliad," xxiv., 25). Also to a blunted dart ("Iliad," xi., 390). The classical writers use it of speech, hearing, sight, and mental perception. In the New Testament, only of hearing and speech, the meaning in each case being determined by the context.

Fainted (ἢσαν ἐσκυλμένοι)

Rev., better, were distressed. Note the verb with the participle, denoting their habitual condition. The word originally means to flay, rend, or mangle. Aeschylus uses it of the tearing of dead bodies by fish ("Persae," 577). As appropriate to the figure of sheep, it might be rendered here fleeced. Wyc., they were travailed.

Scattered (ἐῤῥιμμένοι)

So A. V. and Rev. The word is the perfect participle passive of ῥίπτω, to throw or cast, and means thrown down, prostrated. So Wyc., lying. It is not the dispersion one from another, but their prostration in themselves that is meant. They have cast themselves down for very weariness.

Send forth (ἐκβάλῃ)

So A. V. and Rev. But the word is stronger: thrust out, force them out, as from urgent necessity.

The disciples (τούς μαθητὰς)

The or his, referring to them as already chosen, though he nowhere relates their choosing. See Mark 3:14; Luke 6:13.