1
Genesis 44:1
简体中文
영문 원문
And my cup. - Besides returning each man's money as before, a silver cup of Joseph's is put in Benjamin's bag, after which, when daylight comes, they are dismissed. They are scarcely out of the town when Joseph's steward is ordered to overtake them, and charge them with stealing the cup. "And whereby indeed he divineth." Divining by cups, we learn from this, was a common custom in Egypt (Herodotus ii. 83). It is here mentioned to enhance the value of the cup. Whether Joseph really practised any sort of divination cannot be determined from this passage.
6
Genesis 44:6
简体中文
那杯子在便雅悯的口袋里被搜出来。“对他们说这些话。”这是约瑟的话，当然补上了正文中仅以代词“这”所指的杯。“我们把它带回来还你。”我们本可以留下的银子——我们交还时你们并未主张任何权利——我们把它带回来了。既然如此，我们怎会偷银子呢？“现在就照你们的话行吧。”他接受他们的条件，但加以减轻。在谁那里搜出杯来，谁就终身为奴，其余的都得无罪释放。管家从最年长的搜到最年幼的。杯子恰在所放之处被搜出。
영문 원문
The cup is found in Benjamin's bag. "Spake unto them these words." The words of Joseph, supplying of course the mention of the cup which is expressed in the text only by the pronoun this. "We brought back to thee." Silver that we might have retained, and to which you made no claim when we tendered it, we brought back. How or why should we therefore, steal silver? "Now also according to your words let it be." He adopts their terms with a mitigation. He with whom the cup is found shall become a slave for life, and the rest be acquitted. The steward searches from the oldest to the youngest. The cup is found where it was put.
13
Genesis 44:13
简体中文
“他们就撕裂衣服”；这是无药可救之忧伤的自然表记。“犹大和他弟兄们来了。”他曾向父亲担保便雅悯的安全。而他还正在那里，无疑等候着他所预期的结果。“他们就俯伏在他面前于地。”这已不再是低头或弯身，而是最深自卑的姿态。那早年的梦何等深刻地刺入了严峻的现实！“像我这样的人必能占卜”——约瑟再多维持片刻愠怒的姿态，从犹大口中引出了那一类言辞中历来最哀婉动人的陈情。“神”，那伟大独一的神，“已经查出仆人的罪孽了”——就是我们在黑暗背信地对待兄弟一事上的罪。“看哪，我们都是我主的仆人。”他把自己和一切交与永远的奴役，作为公义之神对他们仍被记念之罪的判决。“那人可以作我的仆人，你们可以平平安安地上你们父亲那里去。”如今，试验以最精密的调节施行出来。如今是约瑟痛苦悬望的时刻。他心里说：我的兄弟们会显出真诚吗？我们则问：犹大会胜任这时刻吗？他向父亲的恳求已是好兆。
第18-34节
“犹大挨近他。”他要把自己献上为终身的奴仆，好让便雅悯得与获准离开的兄弟们同回家去。“求你容仆人说一句话给我主听。”这里只有恭敬而沉着的态度。“不要向你仆人发烈怒。”他直觉地感到这位宰相是与他有同样情感的人。他要超越身份的悬隔，与他同站在共同人性的立场上。“因为你如同法老一样。”意即你有权应允或拒绝我的请求。这构成演说的绪言。随后是陈情。它由简朴的事实陈述构成，犹大预期这陈述对一颗健全的心自会发生本有的效力。除了解释两三个措辞之外，我们不拟改动这陈述。“年轻的童子”——相对年轻的人。“叫我亲眼看看他”——以恩慈和好感看待他。“他若离开父亲，父亲就必死。”若他离开父亲，他的父亲就必死。这是这些话的自然解释，因为父爱一般强于子爱。“求你容仆人代替童子作我主的仆人。”这便是犹大谦卑而恳切的请求。他沉着而坚定地舍弃家园、家族与长子名分，不愿见年迈的父亲心碎而死。
- 约瑟向他的弟兄们表明身份
- גשׁן goshen，Goshen（歌珊），Gesem（阿拉伯语，或许与גשׁם geshem“雨、阵雨”相关），是埃及与阿拉伯交界、靠近苏伊士湾的一片地区。
犹大的恳求对约瑟是不可抗拒的。兄弟们的悔改与他们对比便雅悯的关爱，已以最令人满意的方式得到证明。这正是约瑟所寻求的一切。纵观整个叙述，他显然从未图谋对兄弟们行使任何的辖制。他一获得兄弟们心志纯正的感人凭据，就不再隐藏自己。而犹大的演说——无疑他的兄弟们也与有同感——对他的心智与心肠同增光彩。
영문 원문
"They rent their garments;" the natural token of a sorrow that knows no remedy. "And Judah went." He had pledged himself for the safety of Benjamin to his father. And he was yet there; awaiting no doubt the result which he anticipated. "They fell before him on the earth." It is no longer a bending of the head or bowing of the body, but the posture of deepest humiliation. How deeply that early dream penetrated into the stern reality! "Wot ye not that such a man as I doth certainly divine?" Joseph keeps up the show of resentment for a little longer, and brings out from Judah the most pathetic plea of its kind that ever was uttered. "The God," the great and only God, "hath found out the iniquity of thy servants;" in our dark and treacherous dealing with our brother. "Behold, we are servants to my lord." He resigns himself and all to perpetual bondage, as the doom of a just God upon their still-remembered crime. "He shall be my servant; and ye, go up in peace to your father." Now is the test applied with the nicest adjustment. Now is the moment of agony and suspense to Joseph. Will my brothers prove true? says he within himself. Will Judah prove adequate to the occasion? say we. His pleading with his father augured well.
Verse 18-34
"And Judah came near unto him." He is going to surrender himself as a slave for life, that Benjamin may go home with his brothers, who are permitted to depart. "Let thy servant now speak a word in the ears of my lord." There is nothing here but respectful calmness of demeanor. "And let not thine anger burn against thy servant." He intuitively feels that the grand vizier is a man of like feelings with himself. He will surmount the distinction of rank, and stand with him on the ground of a common humanity. "For so art thou as Pharaoh." Thou hast power to grant or withhold my request. This forms, the exordium of the speech. Then follows the plea. This consists in a simple statement of the facts, which Judah expects to have its native effect upon a rightly-constituted heart. We will not touch this statement, except to explain two or three expressions. A young lad - a comparative youth. "Let me set mine eyes upon him" - regard him with favor and kindness. "He shall leave his father and he shall die." If he were to leave his father, his father would die. Such is the natural interpretation of these words, as the paternal affection is generally stronger than the filial. "And now let thy servant now abide instead of the lad a servant to my lord." Such is the humble and earnest petition of Judah. He calmly and firmly sacrifices home, family, and birthright, rather than see an aged father die of a broken heart.
- Joseph Made Himself Known to His Brethren
- גשׁן gôshen, Goshen, Gesem (Arabias related perhaps to גשׁם geshem "rain, shower"), a region on the borders of Egypt and Arabia, near the gulf of Suez.
The appeal of Judah is to Joseph irresistible. The repentance of his brothers, and their attachment to Benjamin, have been demonstrated in the most satisfactory manner. This is all that Joseph sought. It is evident, throughout the whole narrative, that he never aimed at exercising any supremacy over his brothers. As soon as he has obtained an affecting proof of the right disposition of his brothers, he conceals himself no longer. And the speech of Judah, in which, no doubt, his brothers concurred, does equal credit to his head and heart.
还有我的杯。——除了像先前那样把各人的银子放回之外，约瑟的银杯也被放进便雅悯的口袋里，此后天一亮便打发他们走。他们刚出城，约瑟的管家便奉命追上他们，指控他们偷了杯。"他实在是借它占卜的。"我们由此得知，用杯占卜在埃及是一种常见的习俗（希罗多德 ii. 83）。此处提及它，是为了提高那只杯的价值。约瑟是否真的行了任何占卜，无法从这段经文断定。