서론
Psalm 150 Introduction
简体中文
영문 원문
This beautiful and animated psalm closes the series of the Hallelujah Psalms Ps. 146-150, and appropriately also closes the entire volume. Its author is unknown, but in respect to the object for which it was composed there can be no uncertainty. It was manifestly designed, whoever wrote it, to occupy the very place which it does occupy - to complete the volume devoted to praise. Praise is the suitable ending of the book; praise is what the Spirit of inspiration meant to secure in the heart and on the lips. In the review of the whole there is occasion for praise. In view of all that has been disclosed about God, about his religion, about the manifestations of his mercy and grace to his people, there is occasion for praise. After all that has been experienced, observed, and recorded in this book - all of trial, sorrow, temptation, conflict, disappointment, sickness, bereavement, persecution, war, captivity, bondage, exile, tears, pain, darkness, trouble - there is, as the result of the whole, as there will be at the end of our own troubled and chequered lives, occasion for exultation, praise, triumph - songs, rejoicings, raptures, hallelujahs. This psalm, then, made up wholly of expressions of gratitude and praise, is an appropriate close to the entire Book of Psalms. So may our lives close, when its varied scenes are over, with thanksgivings and praises, as a proper expression in view of the past, and as emblematic of the uninterrupted employment that awaits us in the heavens.
1
Psalm 150:1
简体中文
你们要赞美耶和华——参见 Psalm 146:1 的注释。
要在神的圣所赞美祂——即祂的圣洁之处；祂居住的地方。这里所暗指的，大概就是圣殿，即祂在地上居住的所在。
要在祂显能力的穹苍赞美祂——这整个说法等同于地与天：在地上赞美祂，在天上赞美祂。译作“穹苍”的词，与 Genesis 1:6 所用的是同一个词。它的本意是指一片扩展之物——一件铺展开来的东西。该词所源的动词意为敲打；继而指敲打出来——即如金子那样，借着敲打而铺展开；再往后便单纯指铺展、扩张。试参 Psalm 136:6；Isaiah 42:5；Isaiah 44:24。在叙利亚文中，这个词意为“使坚固”；但这一观念并不必然存在于希伯来文的这个词里。把穹苍视为某种坚固之物的观念源自七十士译本——Genesis 1:6 作 στερέωμα stereōma——此处作 ἐν στερεώματι en stereōmati。然而希伯来文仅仅意为“一片扩展之物”——某种铺展开来的东西，正如诸天在我们看来是“铺张”开来的一样；而这里的呼召，是叫住在这扩展之物以上——就是在天上——的一切，与地上的人联合起来赞美祂。这里称之为“祂能力的扩展之物”，是因为神的能力似乎主要显明在诸天——在太阳、月亮和众星之中。
영문 원문
Praise ye the Lord - See the notes at Psalm 146:1.
Praise God in his sanctuary - His holy place; the place where he dwells. The allusion here is, probably, to the temple, the place of his abode on earth.
Praise him in the firmament of his power - The whole expression is equivalent to earth and heaven; Praise him on earth; praise him in heaven. The word rendered firmament is the same which is used in Genesis 1:6. It properly means an expanse - a thing spread out. The verb from which the word is derived means to beat; then, to beat out - that is, to spread out by beating, as gold is; and then, simply to spread out, to expand. Compare Psalm 136:6; Isaiah 42:5; Isaiah 44:24. In Syriac the word means to make firm; but this idea is not necessarily in the Hebrew word. The idea of a firmament as something firm is derived from the Septuagint - in Genesis 1:6, στερέωμα stereōma - in this place, ἐν στερεώματι en stereōmati. The Hebrew, however, merely means "an expanse" - something spread out, as the heavens seem to us to be "stretched out;" and the call here is on all that dwell above that expanse - in heaven - to unite with those on earth in his praise. It is called "the expanse of his power" because it is in the heavens - in the sun, the moon, the stars - that the power of God seems to be principally displayed.
2
Psalm 150:2
简体中文
要因祂大能的作为赞美祂——参见 Psalm 145:4 的注释：“这代要对那代颂赞你的作为，也要传扬你的大能。”两处所用的是同一个希伯来词。这是指彰显神能力的事，即显明祂全能的作为。
要按着祂极美的大德赞美祂——希伯来文作“祂伟大之多”。愿赞美的崇高与之相称；愿它足以恰当地表达这伟大；愿凡有助于显明这伟大、或与之相称的一切，都尽被使用。因此，诗人接着呼吁所有人善用一切，借着乐器与歌声，以任何方式传扬对神的赞美。
영문 원문
Praise him for his mighty acts - See the notes at Psalm 145:4 : "One generation shall praise thy works to another, and shall declare thy mighty acts." The Hebrew word is the same. The reference is to that which displays the power of God; the things which manifest his omnipotence.
Praise him according to his excellent greatness - Hebrew, the multitude of his greatness. Let the praise in elevation correspond with this; let it be such as shall properly express this; let all be employed that will contribute to make this known, or that will be appropriate to this. Hence, the psalmist proceeds to call on all to make use of everything, by instrument and voice, that would in any manner set forth the praise of God.
3
Psalm 150:3
简体中文
“要用角声赞美他”——边注作“号角”（cornet）。在本节及以下各节中，暗指希伯来敬拜中常用的乐器。其观念是：这一切——凡能恰当表达赞美的——都当用来颂赞神。每一件乐器，以其各自独特的音色，并且所有乐器和谐地合奏起来，都当用于这个目的。这些乐器中的大部分，以及更多的乐器，如今都结合在管风琴之中；各种乐器不再由各别的演奏者分别演奏，而是联合起来，由一个来源——风箱——供给气流，由一位演奏者统一演奏。这样，一个心思指挥整个演奏，若技艺娴熟，便能保证完全的统一与和谐。这种乐器是希伯来人所不知道的。在他们的时代，每件乐器各有自己的演奏者。号角主要用来召聚百姓，但它也是圣殿乐班所用乐器中的重要一种，正如它的音调如今在管风琴中也是重要的音色一样。
“鼓瑟弹琴赞美他”——希伯来文是 נבל nebel 与 כנור kinnôr。关于这些乐器的描述，见 Isaiah 5:12 的注释。此处译作 psaltery（瑟）的那个词，在那处译作 viol——“弹琴鼓瑟”等等。
영문 원문
Praise him with the sound of the trumpet - Margin, cornet. In this verse and the verses following there is an allusion to the instruments of music which were commonly employed in Hebrew worship. The idea is, that all these - all that could properly express praise - should be used to celebrate the praises of God. Each one, with its own distinct note, and all combined in harmony, should be employed for this purpose. Most of these instruments, and many more, are now combined in the organ, where the instruments, instead of being played on by separate performers, are so united that they can be supplied with wind from one source - the bellows - and all played by one performer. Thus one mind directs the performance, securing, if skillfully done, perfect unity and harmony. This instrument was unknown to the Hebrews. Among them, each instrument had its own performer. The trumpet was principally used to call the people together, but it was also an important instrument among those used by the bands of musicians that performed in the temple, as its tones are now important ones in the organ.
Praise him with the psaltery and harp - Hebrew, the נבל nebel and כנור kinnôr. See these instruments described in the notes at Isaiah 5:12. The word here rendered psaltery is there rendered viol - "And the harp and the viol," etc.
4
Psalm 150:4
简体中文
击鼓赞美他——希伯来文是תף tôph。关于此乐器的描述，参见 Isaiah 5:12 的注释。这个词在 Genesis 31:27；1 Samuel 10:5；1 Samuel 18:6；Isaiah 5:12；Isaiah 24:8；Isaiah 30:32；Jeremiah 31:4；Ezekiel 28:13 中译作“tabret”（手鼓）；在 Exodus 15:20；Judges 11:34；2 Samuel 6:5；1 Chronicles 13:8；Job 21:12；Psalm 81:2；Psalm 149:3，以及 Jeremiah 31:4 的旁注中，则作“timbrel”（铃鼓）。这个词不见于别处。它是一种用手击打的乐器。
跳舞——关于这个词的解释，参见 Psalm 149:3 的注释。希伯来人的跳舞似乎总是伴有手鼓或铃鼓。参见 Exodus 15:20。
用丝弦的乐器赞美他——מנים minniym。这个词的意思是“弦”，来自一个意为“分开”的动词；其恰当所指是细线，仿佛被分开或做得纤细。它没有在别处用于指乐器，但可以恰当地用于指竖琴、提琴、低音提琴等。“弦”一词的确在别处用于指乐器，Psalm 33:2；Psalm 144:9；1 Samuel 18:16；Isaiah 38:20；Habakkuk 3:19，但希伯来文的字不同。这类乐器在赞美神时是常用的。参见 Psalm 33:2 的注释。
和箫——希伯来文是עוגב ‛ûgâb。关于这个词的解释，参见 Job 21:12 的注释。它另外只出现在 Genesis 4:21；Job 21:12；Job 30:31；这些地方英文译本都作“organ”（风琴）。这个词源于一个意为“呼吸、吹气”的动词，可用于任何管乐器。它在此代表整类管乐器。“organ”一词本是希腊文，见于七十士译本此处的译文；我们的“organ”一词便是这样引入译本的。这个希腊文字的本义是
（a）借以完成工作的东西，如机器；
（b）乐器；
（c）制成任何物件的材料；
（d）工作本身。（帕绍〔Passow〕词典）
我们用于音乐的“风琴”（organ）一词，暗示多种乐器或声音的组合。这层意思在希伯来文字中并不存在。它仅指管乐器。无论希伯来人还是任何古代民族，都没有一种乐器能与我们如今所称的风琴相对应。
영문 원문
Praise him with the timbrel - Hebrew, תף tôph. See this described in the notes at Isaiah 5:12. It is rendered tabret and tabrets in Genesis 31:27; 1 Samuel 10:5; 1 Samuel 18:6; Isaiah 5:12; Isaiah 24:8; Isaiah 30:32; Jeremiah 31:4; Ezekiel 28:13; timbrel and timbrels in Exodus 15:20; Judges 11:34; 2 Samuel 6:5; 1 Chronicles 13:8; Job 21:12; Psalm 81:2; Psalm 149:3; and in the margin in Jeremiah 31:4. The word does not occur elsewhere. It was an instrument that was struck with the hands.
And dance - See this word explained in the notes at Psalm 149:3. Dancing among the Hebrews seems to have accompanied the timbrel or tabret. See Exodus 15:20,
Praise him with stringed instruments - מנים minniym. This word means strings, from a verb which means to divide; and the proper reference would be to slender threads, as if they were divided, or made small. It is nowhere else applied to instruments of music, but might be properly applied to a harp, a violin, a bass-viol, etc. The word strings is indeed applied elsewhere to instruments of music Psalm 33:2; Psalm 144:9; 1 Samuel 18:16; Isaiah 38:20; Habakkuk 3:19, but the Hebrew word is different. Such instruments were commonly used in the praise of God. See the notes at Psalm 33:2.
And organs - Hebrew, עוגב ‛ûgâb. See this word explained in the notes at Job 21:12. It occurs elsewhere only in Genesis 4:21; Job 21:12; Job 30:31; in all of which places it is rendered organ. The word is derived from a verb meaning to breathe, to blow; and would be applicable to any wind-instrument. It here represents the whole class of wind-instruments. The word organ is a Greek word, and is found in the Septuagint in this place; and hence, our word organ has been introduced into the translation. The Greek word properly denotes
(a) something by which work is accomplished, as a machine;
(b) a musical instrument;
(c) the material from which anything is made;
(d) the work itself. (Passow, Lexicon).
Our word organ, as used in music, suggests the idea of a combination of instruments or sounds. That idea is not found in the Hebrew word. It denotes merely a wind-instrument. Neither the Hebrews nor any of the ancient nations had an instrument that corresponded with the organ as we now use the term.
5
Psalm 150:5
简体中文
用大响的钹赞美他——直译作“声音之钹”或“听觉之钹”。即愿有可听可闻的喜乐表达出来。这里所指的，是一种与其他乐器合奏时听得最为清晰的乐器。钹的声音在为前面所述的其他乐器伴奏时最为清楚可闻，就像今日的钹声或“三角铁”一样。译作“钹”的希伯来字，意思是叮当声、铿锵声、鸣响声，如金属或兵器的响声；继而指翅膀的嗡嗡声（参 Isaiah 18:1 的注释）；再指任何叮当作响的器具，如鱼叉或鱼镖；然后指钹，一种乐器。今日所用的钹，如 Webster 所说，是一种铜制的圆形乐器，状如盘子，两片相击时发出清脆的鸣响。这里所指的显然就是这种乐器。这个字在圣经中只出现在以下几处：Deuteronomy 28:42，译作“蝗虫”；2 Samuel 6:5，像这里一样译作“钹”；Job 41:7，译作“鱼叉”；以及 Isaiah 18:1，原文作“翅膀刷刷作响”。
用高声的钹赞美他——即“喜乐之声的钹”。论译作“高声”的字 teruah，参 Psalm 89:16 的注释。这里所指的是响亮、高亢的声音或欢呼，如同迎接一位得胜者时所发出的；其含义是：对神的赞美，当以最能表达喜乐与凯旋的方式来颂扬。
영문 원문
Praise him upon the loud cymbals - literally, "the cymbals of sound" or hearing. That is, Let there be audibly expressed joy. The allusion here is to an instrument of music that was most distinctly heard in union with other instruments. The sound of the cymbal would be most clearly audible in its accompaniment of the other instruments referred to, as the sound of cymbals, or as the "triangle" would be now. The Hebrew word rendered cymbal means a tinkling, clanging, ringing, as of metal, or of arms; then, a whirring, as of wings (compare the notes at Isaiah 18:1); then, any tinkling or clanging instrument, as a fish-spear or harpoon; then, cymbals, instruments of music. The cymbal, as now used, is an instrument of brass, in a circular form, like a dish, producing, when two are struck gether, a sharp, ringing sound - Webster. An instrument of this kind is evidently referred to here. The word occurs in the Bible in the following places only: Deuteronomy 28:42, rendered locust; 2 Samuel 6:5, rendered, as here, cymbal; Job 41:7, rendered fish-spears; and Isaiah 18:1, rendered shadowing with.
Praise him upon the high-sounding cymbals - The cymbals of joyful voice. On the word teruah, rendered high, see the notes at Psalm 89:16. A loud, lofty sound or shout, as on the reception of a conqueror, is the idea here; and the sense is, that the praise of God was to be celebrated with that which would in the highest sense express joy and triumph.
6
Psalm 150:6
简体中文
凡有气息的都要赞美耶和华——空中、地上、水中的一切活物。愿有一场普世的赞美爆发。愿他的赞美不仅借着乐器来颂扬，也愿一切活物联合在这赞美中；愿这呼吸着的宇宙联合成一场庄严肃穆的赞美敬拜。
你们要赞美耶和华——哈利路亚（Hallelu-jah）。就这样，在本书所记的一切试炼、争战、逼迫、忧伤、喜乐的末了，诗人把喜乐、得胜、狂喜、欢欣的情感倾吐出来；同样，在一切结束之时——当这世界的事务终了——当教会经过它一切的试炼、受尽它一切的逼迫、受完它命定要受的一切苦难——当救赎之工完成、主所赎回的一切人都从罪中被救回、蒙拯救之时——那教会、整个天堂、整个宇宙，要爆发成一个响亮、长久、凯旋的哈利路亚。“耶和华救赎的民必归回，歌唱来到锡安；永乐必归到他们的头上，他们必得着欢喜快乐，忧愁叹息尽都逃避”（Isaiah 35:10）。
영문 원문
Let everything that hath breath praise the Lord - All living things in the air, the earth, the waters. Let there be one universal burst of praise. Let his praises be celebrated not only with instruments of music, but let all living beings unite in that praise; let a breathing universe combine in one solemn service of praise.
Praise ye the Lord - Hallelu-jah. Thus, at the end of all the trials, the conflicts, the persecutions, the sorrows, the joys recorded in this book, the psalmist gives utterance to feelings of joy, triumph, transport, rejoicing; and thus at the end of all - when the affairs of this world shall be closed - when the church shall have passed through all its trials, shall have borne all its persecutions, shall have suffered all that it is appointed to suffer - when the work of redemption shall be complete, and all the ransomed of the Lord shall have been recovered from sin, and shall be saved - that church, all heaven, the whole universe, shall break forth in one loud, long, triumphant Hallelujah. "The ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come to Zion with songs, and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness; and sorrow and sighing shall flee away," Isaiah 35:10.
这篇优美而生动的诗结束了哈利路亚诗系列（Ps. 146-150），也恰当地结束了整卷书。其作者不明，但就其写作的目的而言，则毫无不确定之处。无论写它的是谁，它显然正是被设计来占据它现在所占据的位置——来完成这专用于赞美的书卷。赞美是这卷书合宜的结尾；赞美正是默示之灵所要确保存在于人心和口中的。回顾全书，处处有赞美的缘由。鉴于书中所揭示的一切关于神、关于祂的宗教、关于祂向祂子民显明的慈爱与恩典，都有赞美的缘由。在本书中所经历、观察并记录的一切——一切试炼、忧伤、试探、争战、失望、疾病、丧亲、逼迫、战争、被掳、奴役、流亡、眼泪、疼痛、黑暗、患难——之后，作为这一切的结果，正如在我们自己多难曲折的一生尽头也必如此，有欢腾、赞美、得胜——歌唱、欢乐、狂喜、哈利路亚——的缘由。因此，这篇完全由感恩与赞美之辞构成的诗，是整卷诗篇合宜的结束。愿我们的一生，在其各样场景终了之时，也照样以感谢和赞美结束，作为对过往的合宜表达，并作为那等候我们的天上不止息之事奉的预表。