1
1Ki 5:1-6.
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1Ki 5:1-6.
HIRAM SENDS TO CONGRATULATE SOLOMON.
1. Hiram . . . sent his servants unto Solomon--the grandson of David's contemporary [KITTO]; or the same Hiram [WINER and others]. The friendly relations which the king of Tyre had cultivated with David are here seen renewed with his son and successor, by a message of condolence as well as of congratulation on his accession to the throne of Israel. The alliance between the two nations had been mutually beneficial by the encouragement of useful traffic. Israel, being agricultural, furnished corn and oil, while the Tyrians, who were a commercial people, gave in exchange their Phœnician manufactures, as well as the produce of foreign lands. A special treaty was now entered into in furtherance of that undertaking which was the great work of Solomon's splendid and peaceful reign.
6
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6. 你吩咐你的僕人為我伐香柏木——所羅門無法在別處為他所要建造的工程取得木料。黎巴嫩的森林在所羅門時代鄰近海邊,屬於腓尼基人;木材是他們有利可圖的出口大宗,因此大量工人不斷從事伐木以及木材的搬運和加工。希蘭答應按所羅門所需供應大量香柏木和柏木,而且他還承擔一項重大的額外義務——把木材運到海邊,大概經由狗河,再沿海岸以木筏運送;也就是把木頭綁紮成排,運到約帕港
(2Ch 2:16),
從那裏很容易找到方法運到耶路撒冷。
我的僕人也必幫助你的僕人——工程規模如此浩大,推羅人獨力不夠。分工是必要的:前者擔任需要技術工匠的工作,所羅門則負責供應勞工。
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6. command thou that they hew me cedar trees out of Lebanon--Nowhere else could Solomon have procured materials for the woodwork of his contemplated building. The forests of Lebanon, adjoining the seas in Solomon's time, belonged to the Phœnicians, and the timber being a lucrative branch of their exports, immense numbers of workmen were constantly employed in the felling of trees as well as the transportation and preparation of the wood. Hiram stipulated to furnish Solomon with as large a quantity of cedars and cypresses as he might require and it was a great additional obligation that he engaged to render the important service of having it brought down, probably by the Dog river, to the seaside, and conveyed along the coast in floats; that is, the logs being bound together, to the harbor of Joppa
(2Ch 2:16),
whence they could easily find the means of transport to Jerusalem.
my servants shall be with thy servants--The operations were to be on so extensive a scale that the Tyrians alone would be insufficient. A division of labor was necessary, and while the former would do the work that required skilful artisans, Solomon engaged to supply the laborers.
7
1Ki 5:7-12.
繁體中文
1Ki 5:7-12.
供應木料建造聖殿
7. 耶和華是應當稱頌的——這話並非希蘭敬拜真神的確鑿證據,因為他可能只是按多神論的原則,承認耶和華為希伯來人的神而已(參
2Ch 2:11
的註釋)。
영문 원문
1Ki 5:7-12.
FURNISHES TIMBER TO BUILD THE TEMPLE.
7. Blessed be the Lord--This language is no decisive evidence that Hiram was a worshipper of the true God, as he might use it only on the polytheistic principle of acknowledging Jehovah as the God of the Hebrews (see on
2Ch 2:11).
8
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8. 希蘭打發人去見所羅門,說:你所題的事我都明白了……我必照你所願的行——這合約以書面文件正式訂立
(2Ch 2:11),
據約瑟夫所記,這文件在猶太和推羅兩國的檔案中都有保存。
영문 원문
8. Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have considered the things . . . and I will do--The contract was drawn out formally in a written document
(2Ch 2:11),
which, according to JOSEPHUS, was preserved both in the Jewish and Tyrian records.
10
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10. 松木——更應作柏木。
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10. fir trees--rather, the cypress.
11
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11. 供給他的家食物——這是每年為王宮供應的,與
2Ch 2:10
所記的不同,後者是供給在森林中勞作的工人。
영문 원문
11. food to his household--This was an annual supply for the palace, different from that mentioned in
2Ch 2:10,
which was for the workmen in the forests.
13
1Ki 5:13-18.
繁體中文
1Ki 5:13-18.
所羅門的工匠與工人
13. 所羅門從以色列中挑取服苦的人——重新提及所羅門蒙神所賜的智慧
(1Ki 5:12),
顯然是為下文記述他為完成工程所採取的強硬而審慎的措施作鋪墊。如此任意強徵勞役,若非他以明智的安排——讓工人三個月中有兩個月留在家中——再加上工程的神聖性,使百姓甘心忍受這強制勞役,否則必會引起極大的不滿,甚至反抗。搬運重物和開鑿石礦的苦工,分派給迦南人的餘民
(1Ki 9:20;
2Ch 8:7-9)
和大衛所擄的戰俘——共計十五萬三千六百人。在東方各國,以這類身分的人擔任公共工程,使這部分的安排更不引人注意。
영문 원문
1Ki 5:13-18.
SOLOMON'S WORKMEN AND LABORERS.
13. Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel--The renewed notice of Solomon's divine gift of wisdom
(1Ki 5:12)
is evidently introduced to prepare for this record of the strong but prudent measures he took towards the accomplishment of his work. So great a stretch of arbitrary power as is implied in this compulsory levy would have raised great discontent, if not opposition, had not his wise arrangement of letting the laborers remain at home two months out of three, added to the sacredness of the work, reconciled the people to this forced labor. The carrying of burdens and the irksome work of excavating the quarries was assigned to the remnant of the Canaanites
(1Ki 9:20; 2Ch 8:7-9)
and war prisoners made by David--amounting to 153,600. The employment of persons of that condition in Eastern countries for carrying on any public work, would make this part of the arrangements the less thought of.
17
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17. 大石頭——黎巴嫩的石頭「堅硬、石灰質、色白而有聲,一如砂岩」〔SHAW〕。敘利亞和巴勒斯坦各地都能取得同樣潔白美麗的石頭。
鑿成的石頭——或作打磨光亮的,正如希伯來文該詞的意思
(Ex 20:25)。
猶太和推羅的工匠都受僱來鑿這些大石頭。
영문 원문
17. brought great stones--The stone of Lebanon is "hard, calcareous, whitish and sonorous, like free stone" [SHAW]. The same white and beautiful stone can be obtained in every part of Syria and Palestine.
hewed stones--or neatly polished, as the Hebrew word signifies
(Ex 20:25).
Both Jewish and Tyrian builders were employed in hewing these great stones.
18
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18. 石匠——邊註譯作「基比人」
(Jos 13:5),
長久以來被認為是更可取的譯法。但這一邊註譯法也須讓位於最近提出的一種——對希伯來文文本稍作改動,即可譯作:「所羅門的匠人和希蘭的匠人,將石頭鑿出並加工削平」〔THENIUS〕。這些巨大的、有斜邊或溝槽的石頭,有些長二十英尺,有些長三十英尺,寬五至六英尺,至今仍可見於聖殿舊址一帶的根基結構中;而且按最有資格的觀察者的判斷,這些正是當初「立殿之根基」所用的石頭。
영문 원문
18. and the stone squarers--The Margin, which renders it "the Giblites"
(Jos 13:5),
has long been considered a preferable translation. This marginal translation also must yield to another which has lately been proposed, by a slight change in the Hebrew text, and which would be rendered thus: "Solomon's builders, and Hiram's builders, did hew them and bevel them" [THENIUS]. These great bevelled or grooved stones, measuring some twenty, others thirty feet in length, and from five to six feet in breadth, are still seen in the substructures about the ancient site of the temple; and, in the judgment of the most competent observers, were those originally employed "to lay the foundation of the house."
1Ki 5:1-6.
希蘭差人祝賀所羅門
1. 希蘭……差遣他的臣僕到所羅門那裡——是大衛同時代的那位希蘭之孫[KITTO];或是同一位希蘭[WINER 等人]。推羅王與大衛所培養的友好關係,在此可見與他的兒子兼繼任者得以延續,既有對他的慰問,也有對他登基以色列王位的祝賀。兩國之間的聯盟因鼓勵有益的貿易而互惠互利。以色列以農業為主,出產糧食和油;而推羅人是商業民族,則以他們的腓尼基製品以及外來貨物作為交換。如今為推進那項堪稱所羅門輝煌和平統治之偉大事業,雙方締結了一項特別條約。