1
1Sa 23:1-6.
영문 원문
1Sa 23:1-6.
DAVID RESCUES KEILAH.
1. Then they told David--rather, "now they had told"; for this information had reached him previous to his hearing
(1Sa 23:6)
of the Nob tragedy.
Keilah--a city in the west of Judah
(Jos 15:44),
not far from the forest of Hareth.
and they rob the threshing-floors--These were commonly situated on the fields and were open to the wind
(Jud 6:11; Ru 3:2).
2
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2-5. 大衛求問耶和華——極可能是藉著迦得
(2Sa 24:11； 1Ch 21:9)，
他當時在大衛營中
(1Sa 22:5)，
大概是因撒母耳的推薦。擊退對正從事收割工作的無辜百姓的無故襲擊，是人道而仁愛的服事。但大衛在沒有王命的情況下對付一個公共敵人，責任到何種程度，尚有疑問；為此他求問並得了神的指示。他的部下有所顧慮，促使大衛為使他們滿意而重新求問；之後既完全確定自己的責任，他便迎擊侵略者，並藉著一次決定性的勝利，使基伊拉的百姓不再受騷擾。
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2-5. David inquired of the Lord--most probably through Gad
(2Sa 24:11; 1Ch 21:9),
who was present in David's camp
(1Sa 22:5),
probably by the recommendation of Samuel. To repel unprovoked assaults on unoffending people who were engaged in their harvest operations, was a humane and benevolent service. But it was doubtful how far it was David's duty to go against a public enemy without the royal commission; and on that account he asked, and obtained, the divine counsel. A demur on the part of his men led David to renew the consultation for their satisfaction; after which, being fully assured of his duty, he encountered the aggressors and, by a signal victory, delivered the people of Keilah from further molestation.
6
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6. 一件以弗得——其中有烏陵與土明
(Ex 28:30)。
這以弗得可能被交託給他保管，而亞希米勒和其他祭司則遵照掃羅的召喚前往基比亞。
영문 원문
6. an ephod--in which was the Urim and Thummim
(Ex 28:30).
It had, probably, been committed to his care, while Ahimelech and the other priests repaired to Gibeah, in obedience to the summons of Saul.
7
1Sa 23:7-13.
1Sa 23:7-13.
掃羅來到，以及基伊拉人的背信。
7. 有人告訴掃羅說大衛到了基伊拉——掃羅以為如今他的獵物必已到手，將被困在一座有城牆的城內。願望是思想的父。他經歷了這一切，卻何等遲鈍、何等不情願相信：神護理的特殊保護使大衛免受他一切網羅的傷害！
영문 원문
1Sa 23:7-13.
SAUL'S COMING, AND TREACHERY OF THE KEILITES.
7. it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah--Saul imagined himself now certain of his victim, who would be hemmed within a fortified town. The wish was father to the thought. How wonderfully slow and unwilling to be convinced by all his experience, that the special protection of Providence shielded David from all his snares!
8
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8. 掃羅招聚眾民去打仗——不是以色列聯合的眾支派，而是鄰近地區的居民。這支軍隊可能是在抵禦非利士人的名義下召集的，而實際上是暗中要對大衛發動侵害。
영문 원문
8. Saul called all the people together to war--not the united tribes of Israel, but the inhabitants of the adjoining districts. This force was raised, probably, on the ostensible pretext of opposing the Philistines, while, in reality, it was secretly to arouse mischief against David.
9
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9. 他對祭司亞比亞他說：將以弗得拿過來——求問是藉著祭司進行的，禱告也是藉著他獻上的。此處所描述的選擇性條件，常被引用來說明神對事件的預知與預定的教義。
영문 원문
9. he said to Abiathar the priest, Bring hither the ephod--The consultation was made, and the prayer uttered, by means of the priest. The alternative conditions here described have often been referred to as illustrating the doctrine of God's foreknowledge and preordination of events.
14
1Sa 23:14-18.
1Sa 23:14-18.
大衛逃到西弗。
14, 15. 大衛住在……西弗的曠野——一個多山而偏僻的地區通常被稱為曠野，並以該區中某個大城鎮命名。在希伯崙東南兩英里處，一片平坦平原的中央，有一座 Tell-ziph——一座孤立而呈圓錐形的小山，高約一百英尺，可能是古城西弗的衛城 [VAN DE VELDE]，或廢墟 [ROBINSON]——周圍的曠野由此得名。這地方古時似乎被廣闊的樹林所覆蓋。由於人類造成的破壞，這片土地數百年來已失去了它的樹林和森林。
영문 원문
1Sa 23:14-18.
DAVID ESCAPES TO ZIPH.
14, 15. David abode in the wilderness . . . of Ziph--A mountainous and sequestered region was generally called a wilderness, and took its name from some large town in the district. Two miles southeast of Hebron, and in the midst of a level plain, is Tell-ziph, an isolated and conical hillock, about a hundred feet high, probably the acropolis [VAN DE VELDE], or the ruins [ROBINSON] of the ancient city of Ziph, from which the surrounding wilderness was called. It seems, anciently, to have been covered by an extensive woods. The country has for centuries lost its woods and forests, owing to the devastations caused by man.
16
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16, 17. 約拿單起身，往樹林裡去見大衛，使他依靠神得以堅固——藉著回想他們彼此的盟約。約拿單的信心必須先勝過多少天然的情感和較低的考量，才能尋求這樣的會面並表達這樣的情感！以平靜而確定的信心談論自己和家族將被那以聖潔而莊嚴盟約之紐帶與他結為朋友的人所取代——這只有一個人能做到：他超越一切世俗政策的考量，以承認神為以色列惟一至高君王之神權政體的精神和原則來觀看事物的進程。無論歷史還是虛構，都沒有描繪過比約拿單更純潔、更高尚、更捨己的友誼！
영문 원문
16, 17. Jonathan went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God--by the recollection of their mutual covenant. What a victory over natural feelings and lower considerations must the faith of Jonathan have won, before he could seek such an interview and give utterance to such sentiments! To talk with calm and assured confidence of himself and family being superseded by the man who was his friend by the bonds of a holy and solemn covenant, could only have been done by one who, superior to all views of worldly policy, looked at the course of things in the spirit and through the principles of that theocracy which acknowledged God as the only and supreme Sovereign of Israel. Neither history nor fiction depicts the movements of a friendship purer, nobler, and more self-denying than Jonathan's!
19
1Sa 23:19-29.
1Sa 23:19-29.
掃羛追趕他。
19-23. 西弗人上到基比亞去見掃羛，說：大衛不是在我們那裡隱藏嗎？——從西弗的土墩上可以看到整個周圍地區的全景。無怪乎西弗人看見大衛和他的人在曠野的山中來來往往。他們在他冒險出現在哈基拉山上——「曠野南邊」，即西弗的南面——時，從遠處發現了他，便急忙差人去見掃羛，告訴他仇敵的藏身之處 [VAN DE VELDE]。
영문 원문
1Sa 23:19-29.
SAUL PURSUES HIM.
19-23. Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself with us?--From the tell of Ziph a panorama of the whole surrounding district is to be seen. No wonder, then, that the Ziphites saw David and his men passing to and fro in the mountains of the wilderness. Spying him at a distance when he ventured to show himself on the hill of Hachilah, "on the right hand of the wilderness," that is, the south side of Ziph, they sent in haste to Saul, to tell him of the lurking place of his enemy [VAN DE VELDE].
25
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25. 大衛……下到磐石，住在瑪雲的曠野——瑪因丘（Tell Main），即古瑪雲（見
Jos 15:55）
所在的小丘，毗鄰的曠野便由此得名，位於迦密以北一哩、以東十哩之處。山地高原似乎到此為止。誠然，南方的山脊向西南方還延伸很遠；但向東南方，地勢則越降越低，成為一處較低的高原，被稱為「曠野南邊的平原」〔范德維德〕。
영문 원문
25. David . . . came down into a rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon--Tell Main, the hillock on which was situated the ancient Maon
(Jos 15:55),
and from which the adjoining wilderness took its name, is one mile north, ten east from Carmel. The mountain plateau seems here to end. It is true the summit ridge of the southern hills runs out a long way further towards the southwest; but towards the southeast the ground sinks more and more down to a tableland of a lower level, which is called "the plain to the right hand [that is, to the south] of the wilderness" [VAN DE VELDE].
29
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29. 大衛從那裡上去，住在隱基底的山寨裡——即「野山羊或羚羊之泉」——因死海西岸的懸崖上有成群的野山羊（ibex）或敘利亞岩羚羊棲息而得名（見
Jos 15:62）。
現今稱為 Ain Jiddy。四面八方洞穴遍布，當時可以作為大衛和他手下藏身之所，至今仍是亡命之徒的匿身之地〔羅賓森〕。
영문 원문
29. David went up from thence, and dwelt in strong holds at En-gedi--that is, "the spring of the wild goats or gazelles"--a name given to it from the vast number of ibexes or Syrian chamois which inhabit these cliffs on the western shore of the Dead Sea
(Jos 15:62).
It is now called Ain Jiddy. On all sides the country is full of caverns, which might then serve as lurking places for David and his men, as they do for outlaws at the present day [ROBINSON].
撒上23:1-6。
大衛拯救基伊拉。
1. 有人告訴大衛——更確切地說是「如今有人已經告訴」；因為這消息是在他聽見
(1Sa 23:6)
挪伯慘案之前傳到他耳中的。
基伊拉——猶大西部的一座城
(Jos 15:44)，
離哈烈樹林不遠。
他們搶奪禾場——禾場通常設在田野上，迎風而立
(Jud 6:11； Ru 3:2)。