1
1Sa 31:1-7.
영문 원문
1Sa 31:1-7.
SAUL HAVING LOST HIS ARMY AT GILBOA, AND HIS SONS BEING SLAIN, HE AND HIS ARMOR-BEARER KILL THEMSELVES.
1. Now the Philistines fought against Israel--In a regular engagement, in which the two armies met
(1Sa 28:1-4),
the Israelites were forced to give way, being annoyed by the arrows of the enemy, which, destroying them at a distance before they came to close combat, threw them into panic and disorder. Taking advantage of the heights of Mount Gilboa, [the Israelites] attempted to rally, but in vain. Saul and his sons fought like heroes; but the onset of the Philistines being at length mainly directed against the quarter where they were, Jonathan and two brothers, Abinadab or Ishui
(1Sa 14:49)
and Melchishua, overpowered by numbers, were killed on the spot.
3
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3-5. 戦いはサウルに厳しく迫った以下――彼はしばらくの間勇敢に持ちこたえたようである。しかし疲労と失血で疲れ果て、生きたまま敵の手に落ちれば彼らが傲慢にも彼を虐待する
(Jos 8:29; 10:24; Jud 8:21)
ことを恐れ、武器持ちに彼を討つよう頼んだ。しかしその士官はそうすることを拒否した。サウルは剣の先に倒れて自らを殺した。そしてユダヤの著述家によればドエグであったその武器持ちも、主人の例に従って自らのいのちを絶った。彼らは一つの剣によって死んだ。すなわち、彼らがノブで主のしもべたちを虐殺したまさにその武器であった。
영문 원문
3-5. the battle went sore against Saul, &c.--He seems to have bravely maintained his ground for some time longer; but exhausted with fatigue and loss of blood, and dreading that if he fell alive into the enemy's hands, they would insolently maltreat him
(Jos 8:29; 10:24; Jud 8:21),
he requested his armor bearer to despatch him. However, that officer refused to do so. Saul then falling on the point of his sword killed himself; and the armor bearer, who, according to Jewish writers, was Doeg, following the example of his master, put an end to his life also. They died by one and the same sword--the very weapon with which they had massacred the Lord's servants at Nob.
6
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6節. このようにサウルは死んだ. （参照:
1Ch 10:13、 Ho 13:11）
三人の息子. サウルの三人の年長の、最も活力ある息子たちの死を、とりわけヨナタンの死を許されたことには、導き摂理のはたらきが明らかに認められる。もしヨナタンが父より長生きしていたなら、間違いなく彼のために強い一派が立ち上がり、ダビデが王位に就く道を妨げたであろうからである。
そのすべての人も、その日共に死んだ. これは彼の家来、すなわち親衛隊を指す
(1Ch 10:6)。
영문 원문
6. So Saul died--(see on
1Ch 10:13;
Ho 13:11).
and his three sons--The influence of a directing Providence is evidently to be traced in permitting the death of Saul's three eldest and most energetic sons, particularly that of Jonathan, for whom, had he survived his father, a strong party would undoubtedly have risen and thus obstructed the path of David to the throne.
and all his men, that same day together--his servants or bodyguard
(1Ch 10:6).
7
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7節. 谷の向こう側にいたイスラエルの人々. おそらくイズレエルの谷を指す。この谷は、小ヘルモンとギルボア山系の尾根との間からヨルダン谷へと直接下って行く幾つかの谷のうち、最大かつ最も南にある。そこの町や村の人々が恐怖を抱いて逃げたのは、極めて自然なことであった。彼らが勝者たちの到着を待ち受けたなら、当時の戦争慣習に従い、自由か命のいずれかを奪われたはずだからである。
영문 원문
7. the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley--probably the valley of Jezreel--the largest and southernmost of the valleys that run between Little Hermon and the ridges of the Gilboa range direct into the Jordan valley. It was very natural for the people in the towns and villages there to take fright and flee, for had they waited the arrival of the victors, they must, according to the war usages of the time, have been deprived either of their liberty or their lives.
8
1Sa 31:8-10.
1Sa 31:8-10.
ペリシテ人が彼らの遺体を前に勝利を誇る.
8、9節. その翌日、ペリシテ人が戦死した者たちの武具を剥ぎ取ろうとしてやって来た時、サウルとその三人の息子が倒れているのを見つけた. 戦場で殺された王子たちの死体を発見すると、敵は彼らに特別な屈辱を加えるために取っておいた。彼らは王とその息子たちのよろいをアシュタロテの神殿に奉献し、彼らのからだをシェンの神殿に釘付けにし、王の首を恥辱的にダゴンの神殿に固定した
(1Ch 10:10)。
このように、彼らは栄光を自分たちのいくつかの神々に分け与えた。
영문 원문
1Sa 31:8-10.
THE PHILISTINES TRIUMPH OVER THEIR DEAD BODIES.
8, 9. on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his three sons fallen--On discovering the corpses of the slaughtered princes on the battlefield, the enemy reserved them for special indignities. They consecrated the armor of the king and his sons to the temple of Ashtaroth fastened their bodies on the temple of Shen, while they fixed the royal heads ignominiously in the temple of Dagon
(1Ch 10:10);
thus dividing the glory among their several deities.
10
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10節. 城壁に.
(2Sa 21:12)
ベテ・シャンの「広場」を指す。その広場はそこに建っていた神殿から名を取った。そして彼らはそれに沿って城壁へ行かなければならなかった（参照:
Jos 17:11）。
영문 원문
10. to the wall--
(2Sa 21:12)
--"the street" of Beth-shan. The street was called from the temple which stood in it. And they had to go along it to the wall of the city (see
Jos 17:11).
11
1Sa 31:11-13.
1Sa 31:11-13.
ヤベシ・ギレアデの人々が遺体を回収し、ヤベシに葬る.
11-13節. ヤベシ・ギレアデの住民はペリシテ人のしたことを聞いた. サウルが彼らに与えた重要で時宜を得た奉仕を心に留め、彼らは感謝と英雄的な決意をもって、王家の遺骸にそのような屈辱が加えられるに任せないことを決心した。
영문 원문
1Sa 31:11-13.
THE MEN OF JABESH-GILEAD RECOVER THE BODIES AND BURY THEM AT JABESH.
11-13. the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead heard of that which the Philistines had done--Mindful of the important and timely services Saul had rendered them, they gratefully and heroically resolved not to suffer such indignities to be inflicted on the remains of the royal family.
12
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12節. 勇士たちが立ち上がり、夜通し行って、サウルのからだとその子らのからだを取った. ベテ・シャンがヨルダンの西の狭い高台の道を通って一時間半の距離にあり（ヤベシ・ギレアデからの全行程は約十マイルである）、それを考えると、彼らは首のないからだを運び去り、一晩のうちにヨルダンの自陣に戻るために、急いでそこへ赴いたに違いない。
これらを焼いた. これはヘブルの習慣ではなかった。おそらくこの機会には、ベテ・シャンの人々がさらなる侮辱のために王の遺骸を掘り出しに来るおそれを完全に防ぐために採られたものであろう。
영문 원문
12. valiant men arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons--Considering that Beth-shan is an hour and a half's distance, and by a narrow upland passage, to the west of the Jordan (the whole being a journey from Jabesh-gilead of about ten miles), they must have made all haste to travel thither to carry off the headless bodies and return to their own side of the Jordan in the course of a single night.
burnt them--This was not a Hebrew custom. It was probably resorted to on this occasion to prevent all risk of the Beth-shanites coming to disinter the royal remains for further insult.
13
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ロバート・ジェイミソン、A. R. フォーセット、デイヴィッド・ブラウン
聖書全体に関する批判的・解説的注解 (1871)
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Send Addenda, Corrigenda, and Sententiae to the editor
1Sam 31:1-7.
サウルはギルボアで軍を失い、子らも殺され、彼とその武器持ちが自害する。
1. さてペリシテ人はイスラエルと戦った――両軍が向かい合った正規の交戦において
(1Sam 28:1-4)、
イスラエル人は退かざるを得なかった。敵の矢が、近接戦に至る前に遠距離から彼らを撃ち滅ぼし、彼らを恐慌と混乱に陥れたのである。イスラエル人はギルボア山の高地を利用して態勢を立て直そうとしたが、無駄であった。サウルとその子らは英雄のように戦ったが、ついにペリシテ人の攻撃が主として彼らのいる方面に向けられ、ヨナタンと二人の兄弟、アビナダブすなわちイシュイ
(1Sam 14:49)
およびマルキ・シュアは、数の力に圧倒されてその場で討たれた。