1
2Ch 13:1-20.
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영문 원문
2Ch 13:1-20.
ABIJAH, SUCCEEDING, MAKES WAR AGAINST JEROBOAM, AND OVERCOMES HIM.
2
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2. 他母親名叫米該亞，是烏列的女兒——即瑪迦（參
1Ki 15:2）。 她是押沙龍的「女兒」，即外孫女
（1Ki 15:2； 參
2Sa 14:1-33）， 是亞比雅的母親，是亞撒的「母親」，即祖母
（1Ki 15:10， 旁註）。
屬基比亞——可能暗示烏列與掃羅家族有關。
亞比雅與耶羅波安爭戰——這場戰爭的起因並無記載（參
1Ki 15:6, 7）， 但從亞比雅那番講辭的口吻可推知，戰事乃出於他要收復先祖全部世襲疆土的少年雄心。如今不再有先知禁止與以色列爭戰
（2Ch 11:23）， 因為耶羅波安已喪失了一切蒙保護的權利。
영문 원문
2. His mother's name also was Michaiah, the daughter of Uriel--the same as Maachah (see on
1Ki 15:2).
She was "the daughter," that is, granddaughter of Absalom
(1Ki 15:2;
compare
2Sa 14:1-33),
mother of Abijah, "mother," that is, grandmother
(1Ki 15:10,
Margin) of Asa.
of Gibeah--probably implies that Uriel was connected with the house of Saul.
there was war between Abijah and Jeroboam--The occasion of this war is not recorded (see
1Ki 15:6, 7),
but it may be inferred from the tenor of Abijah's address that it arose from his youthful ambition to recover the full hereditary dominion of his ancestors. No prophet now forbade a war with Israel
(2Ch 11:23)
for Jeroboam had forfeited all claim to protection.
3
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3. 亞比雅擺陣——即出兵展開戰役。
率領……精兵四十萬……耶羅波安有八十萬——這無疑是很大的數目，考慮到兩國的小巧。然而必須記住，東方的軍隊無異於鳥合之眾——大量的人隨營而來，心存搶掠之望，所以被描述為參與亞洲遠征的總人數，往往遠不能代表實際的戰鬥人員數目。但要解釋亞比雅與耶羅波安雙方軍隊徵募的龐大人數，其實不必訴諸這種解釋；因為我們從大衛的戶口可知，能拿兵器的人口數量之大
（1Ch 21:5； 參
2Ch 14:8；17:14）。
영문 원문
3. Abijah set the battle in array--that is, took the field and opened the campaign.
with . . . four hundred thousand chosen men . . . Jeroboam with eight hundred thousand--These are, doubtless, large numbers, considering the smallness of the two kingdoms. It must be borne in mind, however, that Oriental armies are mere mobs--vast numbers accompanying the camp in hope of plunder, so that the gross numbers described as going upon an Asiatic expedition are often far from denoting the exact number of fighting men. But in accounting for the large number of soldiers enlisted in the respective armies of Abijah and Jeroboam, there is no need of resorting to this mode of explanation; for we know by the census of David the immense number of the population that was capable of bearing arms
(1Ch 21:5;
compare
2Ch 14:8; 17:14).
4
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4-12. 亞比雅站在澤瑪利音山上——他已進入敵境，駐紮在伯特利附近的一處高地上
（Jos 18:22）。 耶羅波安的軍隊駐紮在山下；一場會戰既在預料之中，亞比雅便依古人獨特的習慣向敵軍發表講辭。在這種情形下，講者一面總是稱讚己方的功績，一面對對方傾吐連篇的謾罵與惡毒的詆毀。亞比雅也是如此。他論述大衛家承受王位的神聖權利；絕口不提所羅門那些受天譴責的過犯、上帝對耶羅波安的任命，以及上帝對分裂的認可，反而責斥耶羅波安為篡位者，其臣民為叛徒——趁羅波安年幼無知而起。然後他對比兩國的信仰狀況，刻畫了耶羅波安所引進的褻瀆革新與粗俗的偶像崇拜，以及他對利未人的驅逐與剝奪
（2Ch 11:14） 的一幅黑暗圖畫。他帶著合理的自豪論述自己轄下摩西古制的純粹與規律遵行
〔2Ch 13:11〕， 最後以這番鄭重的呼籲作結：「以色列人哪，不要與耶和華——你們列祖的上帝爭戰，因為你們必不能亨通。」
영문 원문
4-12. Abijah stood up upon Mount Zemaraim--He had entered the enemy's territory and was encamped on an eminence near Beth-el
(Jos 18:22).
Jeroboam's army lay at the foot of the hill, and as a pitched battle was expected, Abijah, according to the singular usage of ancient times, harangued the enemy. The speakers in such circumstances, while always extolling their own merits, poured out torrents of invective and virulent abuse upon the adversary. So did Abijah. He dwelt on the divine right of the house of David to the throne; and sinking all reference to the heaven-condemned offenses of Solomon and the divine appointment of Jeroboam, as well as the divine sanction of the separation, he upbraided Jeroboam as a usurper, and his subjects as rebels, who took advantage of the youth and inexperience of Rehoboam. Then contrasting the religious state of the two kingdoms, he drew a black picture of the impious innovations and gross idolatry introduced by Jeroboam, with his expulsion and impoverishment
(2Ch 11:14)
of the Levites. He dwelt with reasonable pride on the pure and regular observance of the ancient institutions of Moses in his own dominion
[2Ch 13:11]
and concluded with this emphatic appeal: "O children of Israel, fight ye not against Jehovah, the God of your fathers, for ye shall not prosper."
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13-17. 耶羅波安卻在猶大人背後設伏兵——亞比雅的講辭無論對己方軍隊產生多大的激勵效果，對講辭的對象卻毫無作用；因為當他在浪費時間於無用的言辭時，耶羅波安已命令一支分隊悄悄繞到山腳後方，以致亞比雅講完時，他和他的部下發現自己已被從後面包圍，而以色列軍的主力仍在前面。若不是首領們「向耶和華呼求」、祭司們「吹號」——勝利的憑據
（Nu 10:9；31:6）， 一場恐慌可能隨之而起。猶大人因這熟識的信號而安心，以戰吶回應；全軍齊聲應和，隨即猛烈地衝向敵人。那衝擊勢不可擋。以色列人的陣勢崩潰了，因為「上帝擊打了耶羅波安和全以色列」。他們紛紛逃竄；隨後那殘酷無情的屠殺，只有歸因於內戰所煽起的仇恨情緒才能解釋。
영문 원문
13-17. But Jeroboam caused an ambushment to come about behind them--The oration of Abijah, however animating an effect it might have produced on his own troops, was unheeded by the party to whom it was addressed; for while he was wasting time in useless words, Jeroboam had ordered a detachment of his men to move quietly round the base of the hill, so that when Abijah stopped speaking, he and his followers found themselves surprised in the rear, while the main body of the Israelitish forces remained in front. A panic might have ensued, had not the leaders "cried unto the Lord," and the priests "sounded with the trumpets"--the pledge of victory
(Nu 10:9; 31:6).
Reassured by the well-known signal, the men of Judah responded with a war shout, which, echoed by the whole army, was followed by an impetuous rush against the foe. The shock was resistless. The ranks of the Israelites were broken, for "God smote Jeroboam and all Israel." They took to flight, and the merciless slaughter that ensued can be accounted for only by tracing it to the rancorous passions enkindled by a civil war.
19
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19. 亞比雅追趕耶羅波安，從他手中奪取了城邑——這場血腥的戰事加深了兩國百姓之間的裂痕。亞比雅放棄了原先企圖征服十支派的計畫，以收復幾座邊境城鎮為滿足——這些城鎮雖在猶大或便雅憫境內，卻已被併入新成立的北國。其中包括伯特利——因著其神聖的關聯，他必定極想從褻瀆中奪回。
영문 원문
19. Abijah pursued after Jeroboam, and took cities from him--This sanguinary action widened the breach between the people of the two kingdoms. Abijah abandoned his original design of attempting the subjugation of the ten tribes, contenting himself with the recovery of a few border towns, which, though lying within Judah or Benjamin, had been alienated to the new or northern kingdom. Among these was Beth-el, which, with its sacred associations, he might be strongly desirous to wrest from profanation.
20
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20. 亞比雅在世的日子，耶羅波安不再強盛——澤瑪利音那場災難性的戰事，使他失去了軍中的精銳與勇士，挫折了他的志氣，削弱了他的勢力。
耶和華攻擊他，他就死了——即耶羅波安。他誠然在亞比雅死後還活了兩年
（1Ki 14:20；15:9）。 但他早已受警告將有大災禍臨到自身與其家，此處顯然是預先提及這些警告的執行——終於以他的死亡告終。
영문 원문
20. Neither did Jeroboam recover strength again in the days of Abijah--The disastrous action at Zemaraim, which caused the loss of the flower and chivalry of his army, broke his spirits and crippled his power.
the Lord struck him, and he died--that is, Jeroboam. He lived, indeed, two years after the death of Abijah
(1Ki 14:20; 15:9).
But he had been threatened with great calamities upon himself and his house, and it is apparently to the execution of these threatenings, which issued in his death, that an anticipatory reference is here made.
2Ch 13:1-20.
亞比雅繼位，向耶羅波安發動戰爭，並勝過他。