1
2Ch 34:1, 2.
繁體中文
영문 원문
2Ch 34:1, 2.
JOSIAH'S GOOD REIGN.
1. Josiah was eight years old--(See on
2Ki 22:1).
The testimony borne to the undeviating steadfastness of his adherence to the cause of true religion places his character and reign in honorable contrast with those of many of his royal predecessors.
3
2Ch 34:3-7.
繁體中文
2Ch 34:3-7.
他除滅偶像。
3. 在他作王第八年——那時他十六歲；猶大諸王滿十三歲才算成年，所以這是他成年之後三年。他很早就顯出敬虔與優良的品格。在他作王第十二年、即二十歲時，他開始熱心於清除國中一切偶像的記念物——這些都是他父親短短在位期間所樹立的。後來他日益增長的熱忱，為確保敬拜的純淨，促使他親自監督在其版圖各處的拆毀之工。本段記述的脈絡與《列王紀》略有不同。因為史家在提及約西亞早年熱忱的表現之後，便詳述這位賢王為剷除偶像崇拜所採取的一切措施；而《列王紀》的作者則從守逾越節之前對聖殿的潔淨談起，並藉那場合概述約西亞使全地免受偶像污染的政策。《列王紀》與《歷代志》都未嚴格依時序記述。但二者都清楚記載，廢除偶像之工始於約西亞在位第十二年，成於第十八年。儘管約西亞的誠意與熱忱不容置疑，百姓也表面上遵從王的命令，他卻無法根除瑪拿西在位初期所引進、根深柢固的偶像崇拜情結。這潛伏的偏好在隨後諸王在位時便毫不含糊地顯露出來，而將猶大與以色列一同擄去的上帝判語，也已無可挽回。
영문 원문
2Ch 34:3-7.
HE DESTROYS IDOLATRY.
3. in the eighth year of his reign--This was the sixteenth year of his age, and, as the kings of Judah were considered minors till they had completed their thirteenth year, it was three years after he had attained majority. He had very early manifested the piety and excellent dispositions of his character. In the twelfth year of his reign, but the twentieth of his age, he began to take a lively interest in the purgation of his kingdom from all the monuments of idolatry which, in his father's short reign, had been erected. At a later period, his increasing zeal for securing the purity of divine worship led him to superintend the work of demolition in various parts of his dominion. The course of the narrative in this passage is somewhat different from that followed in the Book of Kings. For the historian, having made allusion to the early manifestation of Josiah's zeal, goes on with a full detail of all the measures this good king adopted for the extirpation of idolatry; whereas the author of the Book of Kings sets out with the cleansing of the temple, immediately previous to the celebration of the passover, and embraces that occasion to give a general description of Josiah's policy for freeing the land from idolatrous pollution. The exact chronological order is not followed either in Kings or Chronicles. But it is clearly recorded in both that the abolition of idolatry began in the twelfth and was completed in the eighteenth year of Josiah's reign. Notwithstanding Josiah's undoubted sincerity and zeal and the people's apparent compliance with the king's orders, he could not extinguish a strongly rooted attachment to idolatries introduced in the early part of Manasseh's reign. This latent predilection appears unmistakably developed in the subsequent reigns, and the divine decree for the removal of Judah, as well as Israel, into captivity was irrevocably passed.
4
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繁體中文
4. 那些向它們獻祭之人的墳墓——他連那些躺在墳中的人的墳墓本身，也視為有份於其中死者的罪行〔BERTHEAU〕。
영문 원문
4. the graves of them that had sacrificed unto them--He treated the graves themselves as guilty of the crimes of those who were lying in them [BERTHEAU].
5
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繁體中文
5. 他在他們的壇上燒了祭司的骨頭——對拜偶像的祭司而言，掘出他們的骸骨，是能加的最大恥辱；而將一生在那裏供職之人的骨頭燒在偶像的壇上，則是對那些壇最大的玷污。
영문 원문
5. he burnt the bones of the priests upon their altars--A greater brand of infamy could not have been put on idolatrous priests than the disinterment of their bones, and a greater defilement could not have been done to the altars of idolatry than the burning upon them the bones of those who had there officiated in their lifetime.
6
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繁體中文
6. 在他們的荒地——或作「在他們的廢壞之處」——如此本節譯作：「他在瑪拿西、以法蓮、西緬，甚至拿弗他利的城邑中，在他們荒棄的郊野，也是如此〔行——即打碎祭壇、燒祭司的骨頭〕。」讀者可能會驚窅：約西亞的世襲領地僅限於猶大國，卻能在以法蓮、瑪拿西、西緬等支派中直至拿弗他利，行使與自己境內一樣多的權柄。因此必須指出：撒縻以色毀滅撒瑪利亞之後，留在以色列山地上的餘民與猶大保持密切往來，並視猶大諸王為其天然的保護者。那些王對他們有很大的影響力，約西亞便運用這影響力除滅全地一切偶像的痕跡。他若非百姓贊同此舉之恰當——意識到這符合他們的古法與制度——便不可能如此行。如今控制該地的亞述諸王可能對約西亞越過自己領土所採的自由行動不悅。但他們若非不知道他的作為，就是不理會他的宗教舉措——在他們看來這不過是關乎「那地之神」的事，尤其因他並不企圖攻佔任何地方或擾亂百姓的效忠〔CALMET〕。
영문 원문
6. with their mattocks--or, "in their deserts"--so that the verse will stand thus: "And so did [namely, break the altars and burn the bones of priests] he in the cities of Manasseh, and Ephraim, and Simeon, even unto Naphtali, in their deserted suburbs." The reader is apt to be surprised on finding that Josiah, whose hereditary possessions were confined to the kingdom of Judah, exercised as much authority among the tribes of Ephraim, Manasseh, Simeon, and others as far as Naphtali, as he did within his own dominion. Therefore, it is necessary to observe that, after the destruction of Samaria by Shalmaneser, the remnant that continued on the mountains of Israel maintained a close intercourse with Judah, and looked to the sovereigns of that kingdom as their natural protectors. Those kings acquired great influence over them, which Josiah exercised in removing every vestige of idolatry from the land. He could not have done this without the acquiescence of the people in the propriety of this proceeding, conscious that this was conformable to their ancient laws and institutions. The Assyrian kings, who were now masters of the country, might have been displeased at the liberties Josiah took beyond his own territories. But either they were not informed of his doings, or they did not trouble themselves about his religious proceedings, relating, as they would think, to the god of the land, especially as he did not attempt to seize upon any place or to disturb the allegiance of the people [CALMET].
8
2Ch 34:8-18.
繁體中文
2Ch 34:8-18.
他修繕聖殿。
8. 在他作位第十八年……他差遣沙番——（參
2Ki 22:3-9）。
영문 원문
2Ch 34:8-18.
HE REPAIRS THE TEMPLE.
8. in the eighteenth year of his reign . . . he sent Shaphan--(See on
2Ki 22:3-9).
19
2Ch 34:19-33.
繁體中文
2Ch 34:19-33.
他使人誦讀律法，重新在上帝與百姓之間立約。
19. 王聽見律法的話等語——（參
2Ki 22:11-20； 23:1-3）。
영문 원문
2Ch 34:19-33.
AND, CAUSING THE LAW TO BE READ, RENEWS THE COVENANT BETWEEN GOD AND THE PEOPLE.
19. when the king had heard the words of the law, &c.--(See on
2Ki 22:11-20;
23:1-3).
2Ch 34:1, 2.
約西亞的善政。
1. 約西亞登基的時候年八歲——（參
2Ki 22:1）。 對他堅定不移地持守真道所作的見證，使他的品格與治績，與許多先王形成令人敬佩的對比。