1
2Sa 3:1-5.
영문 원문
2Sa 3:1-5.
SIX SONS BORN TO DAVID.
1. there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David--The rival parties had varying success, but David's interest steadily increased; less, however, by the fortunes of war, than a growing adherence to him as the divinely designated king.
2
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2. 大衛在希伯崙得了幾個兒子——此處所記的六個兒子，母親各不相同。
영문 원문
2. unto David were sons born in Hebron--The six sons mentioned had all different mothers.
3
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3. 基利押——（「他父親的肖像」之意）——又名但以利
（代上3:1）。
瑪迦，基述王達買的女兒——基述是敘利亞的一地，在以色列以北。這門婚事似乎是大衛出於政治考量而締結的，意在藉北方一位有權勢的盟友之助，鞏固自己以對抗伊施波設一黨。敬虔讓位於權謀，而這與異邦王子結盟的苦果，他在那桀驁不馴的押沙龍一生中嘗盡了。
영문 원문
3. Chileab--("his father's picture")--called also Daniel
(1Ch 3:1).
Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur--a region in Syria, north of Israel. This marriage seems to have been a political match, made by David, with a view to strengthen himself against Ish-bosheth's party, by the aid of a powerful friend and ally in the north. Piety was made to yield to policy, and the bitter fruits of this alliance with a heathen prince he reaped in the life of the turbulent Absalom.
5
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5. 大衛的妻子以格拉——這一附註使許多人以為以格拉就是米甲的別名——那位頭一個也是正室的妻子，她雖因譏誚大衛而後再無子女
（撒下6:23），
但此前也許有過一個孩子。
영문 원문
5. Eglah David's wife--This addition has led many to think that Eglah was another name for Michal, the first and proper wife, who, though she had no family after her insolent ridicule of David
(2Sa 6:23),
might have had a child before.
6
2Sa 3:6-12.
2Sa 3:6-12.
押尼珥歸順大衛。
6-11. 押尼珥在掃羅家大有權勢——在東方，王的妻妾在其繼承者看來，有幾分屬於他的產業，因此一個平民若妄想娶其中之一，便被視為實際上覬覦王位（參見
王上2:17）。
對押尼珥的指控是否屬實，並不清楚。但他把這指控視為一種侮辱，懷恨在心，決意將自己全部的影響力轉移到對方陣營。他顯然把自己的功勞看得極重，並以傲慢專橫的態度凌駕於他那軟弱的姪子之上。
영문 원문
2Sa 3:6-12.
ABNER REVOLTS TO DAVID.
6-11. Abner made himself strong for the house of Saul--In the East, the wives and concubines of a king are the property of his successor to this extent, that for a private person to aspire to marry one of them would be considered a virtual advance of pretensions to the crown (see
1Ki 2:17).
It is not clear whether the accusation against Abner was well or ill founded. But he resented the charge as an indignity, and, impelled by revenge, determined to transfer all the weight of his influence to the opposite party. He evidently set a full value on his services, and seems to have lorded it over his weak nephew in a haughty, overbearing manner.
12
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12, 13. 押尼珥打發人去見大衛——雖然押尼珥的話暗示他心中暗自承認，自己擁立伊施波設，一直是在阻撓神將國度主權賜給大衛的旨意，但這樣的承認並不能為他現在所採取的行動，或推動這行動的動機辯護。要維護大衛接待押尼珥暗中來謀、以動搖伊施波設之舉的完全正直與清白，似乎也不可能，除非我們考慮到神對國度的應許，以及他相信押尼珥的背離是神護理用來成就這應許的手段。要求歸還他的妻子米甲是完全合理的；但大衛在那個特定時刻堅持以此為他與押尼珥結盟的不可或缺的條件，似乎不太像是出於餘情未了，而更像是預期得了她之後，會使掃羅家的某些擁護者轉而支持他的事業。
영문 원문
12, 13. Abner sent messengers to David--Though his language implied a secret conviction, that in supporting Ish-bosheth he had been laboring to frustrate the divine purpose of conferring the sovereignty of the kingdom on David, this acknowledgment was no justification either of the measure he was now adopting, or of the motives that prompted it. Nor does it seem possible to uphold the full integrity and honor of David's conduct in entertaining his secret overtures for undermining Ish-bosheth, except we take into account the divine promise of the kingdom, and his belief that the secession of Abner was a means designed by Providence for accomplishing it. The demand for the restoration of his wife Michal was perfectly fair; but David's insisting on it at that particular moment, as an indispensable condition of his entering into any treaty with Abner, seems to have proceeded not so much from a lingering attachment as from an expectation that his possession of her would incline some adherents of the house of Saul to be favorable to his cause.
17
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17-21. 押尼珥與以色列的長老商議——他對他們陳明事實，將大衛乃神所立為王這眾所周知的事銘刻在他們心中，這是真話。但他假裝現在的行動是出於宗教的動機，實際卻完全是出於對伊施波設的怨恨和報復之心，這就卑鄙虛偽了。對便雅憫人特別的呼籲是必要的策略：他們支派因出了掃羅王朝而享有殊榮，自然不甘心失去那份聲望。而且他們是一個意志堅決的民族，又與猶大毗鄰，可能成為麻煩和危險。因此，把他們爭取過來參與這計畫，就能為其他支派的歸順鋪平道路；而押尼珥在護送米甲到大衛那裡、帶著相應排場的時候，正好有最方便的機會運用他的巨大影響力來爭取那個支派。這趟差事使他能夠掩蓋對主人的背叛計畫——將長老和百姓的注意力引向大衛，指出大衛兼具雙重的推薦條件：他既是耶和華所膏立的，又是掃羅王室的姻親；於是他可以在不引起任何不名譽動機之嫌疑的情形下，主張以將主權交給米甲的丈夫來結束內部分歧的政策。他以公共使節的身分受到大衛的接待和款待；表面上，米甲的歸還是他此行唯一的目的，他卻暗中忙著向大衛提出建議，要把他巧妙誘惑過來的那些支派拉攏到大衛這邊。押尼珥所行的，不配一個正直的人；雖然大衛接受了他的提議，這交易的一切罪責和恥辱卻完全由他一人承擔。
영문 원문
17-21. Abner had communication with the elders of Israel--He spoke the truth in impressing their minds with the well-known fact of David's divine designation to the kingdom. But he acted a base and hypocritical part in pretending that his present movement was prompted by religious motives, when it sprang entirely from malice and revenge against Ish-bosheth. The particular appeal of the Benjamites was a necessary policy; their tribe enjoyed the honor of giving birth to the royal dynasty of Saul; they would naturally be disinclined to lose that prestige. They were, besides, a determined people, whose contiguity to Judah might render them troublesome and dangerous. The enlistment of their interest, therefore, in the scheme, would smooth the way for the adhesion of the other tribes; and Abner enjoyed the most convenient opportunity of using his great influence in gaining over that tribe while escorting Michal to David with a suitable equipage. The mission enabled him to cover his treacherous designs against his master--to draw the attention of the elders and people to David as uniting in himself the double recommendation of being the nominee of Jehovah, no less than a connection of the royal house of Saul, and, without suspicion of any dishonorable motives, to advocate policy of terminating the civil discord, by bestowing the sovereignty on the husband of Michal. In the same character of public ambassador, he was received and feted by David; and while, ostensibly, the restoration of Michal was the sole object of his visit, he busily employed himself in making private overtures to David for bringing over to his cause those tribes which he had artfully seduced. Abner pursued a course unworthy of an honorable man and though his offer was accepted by David, the guilt and infamy of the transaction were exclusively his.
22
2Sa 3:22-30.
2Sa 3:22-30.
約押殺了押尼珥。
영문 원문
2Sa 3:22-30.
JOAB KILLS ABNER.
24
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24-27. 約押去見王說：你作的是什麼事——約押深知押尼珥狡猾的為人，可能因此懷疑那人提議的誠意，不贊成倚靠他的忠心。但無疑還有別的私人性質的原因，使約押對接待押尼珥一事感到不快和不安。押尼珥的軍事才幹、他在軍中的威望、他在全國的影響力，都使他成為一個可怕的對手。倘若他的建議得以實現，把其餘所有支派都帶歸猶大王這項重要功勞，將在大衛心中建立極強的感恩之情，押尼珥的加入勢必對約押的野心構成嚴重的障礙。此外，還有自從他兄弟亞撒黑之死以來兩家之間存在的世仇
(2Sa 2:23)。
約押因此決心要除掉押尼珥，便假借某個理由——可能是託王的名——把他召回，然後出去迎接他，出其不意地將他刺死；不是在希伯崙城內，因為那是逃城，而是在附近一個有名的井旁。
영문 원문
24-27. Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done?--Joab's knowledge of Abner's wily character might have led him to doubt the sincerity of that person's proposals and to disapprove the policy of relying on his fidelity. But undoubtedly there were other reasons of a private and personal nature which made Joab displeased and alarmed by the reception given to Abner. The military talents of that general, his popularity with the army, his influence throughout the nation, rendered him a formidable rival. In the event of his overtures being carried out, the important service of bringing over all the other tribes to the king of Judah would establish so strong a claim on the gratitude of David, that his accession would inevitably raise a serious obstacle to the ambition of Joab. To these considerations was added the remembrance of the blood feud that existed between them since the death of his brother Asahel
(2Sa 2:23).
Determined, therefore, to get Abner out of the way, Joab feigned some reason, probably in the king's name, for recalling him, and, going out to meet him, stabbed him unawares; not within Hebron, for it was a city of refuge, but at a noted well in the neighborhood.
31
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31. 大衛對約押和跟隨他的眾人說：你們當撕裂衣服，腰間束上麻布——大衛的悲傷是真誠而深沉的；他藉著為押尼珥所定的喪禮規格，公開表達了這份哀思。
大衛王自己也跟在抬屍的人後面——抬屍架是一種木框，一部分像棺材，一部分像手擔架。
영문 원문
31. David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth--David's sorrow was sincere and profound, and he took occasion to give it public expression by the funeral honors he appointed for Abner.
King David himself followed the bier--a sort of wooden frame, partly resembling a coffin, and partly a hand-barrow.
33
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33, 34. 王為押尼珥舉哀——這首簡短的哀歌，既是悲痛的傾吐，也是義憤的流露。押尼珥既然是在公開的戰爭中刺死了亞撒黑
[2Sa 2:23]，
約押就沒有報血仇者的權利。況且他所採用的是一種無法無天、可咒可詛的報復手段（見
1Ki 2:5 的註解）。
這事既是對王權的侮辱，也大大損害了王的前景。但大衛聽到死訊之後的心情和舉動，以及整個喪禮的性質和排場，不僅洗清了他自己的一切嫌疑，甚至扭轉了輿論，使民意轉而擁護他，為他榮耀地統治全以色列各支派鋪平了道路——比押尼珥那背信棄義的謀劃更為光彩。
영문 원문
33, 34. the king lamented over Abner--This brief elegy is an effusion of indignation as much as of sorrow. As Abner had stabbed Asahel in open war
[2Sa 2:23],
Joab had not the right of the Goel. Besides, he had adopted a lawless and execrable method of obtaining satisfaction (see on
1Ki 2:5).
The deed was an insult to the authority, as well as most damaging to the prospects of the king. But David's feelings and conduct on hearing of the death, together with the whole character and accompaniments of the funeral solemnity, tended not only to remove all suspicion of guilt from him, but even to turn the tide of popular opinion in his favor, and to pave the way for his reigning over all the tribes more honorably than by the treacherous negotiations of Abner.
2Sa 3:1-5.
大衛生了六個兒子。
1. 掃羅家和大衛家之間爭戰許久——對立的雙方各有勝負，但大衛的勢力穩步增長；然而這增長與其說是因戰事的順逆，不如說是因越來越多的人歸向他，視他為神所膏立的王。