Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 에스더 1장

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지원 언어 현황 영 한 일 중(간) 중(번)

1

Es 1:1-22.

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エス 1:1-22.

アハシュエロスが王の宴を設ける。

1. アハシュエロス--この挿話に言及されるアハシュエロスは、ギリシャ史に登場するクセルクセスと同一人物であるというのが、今日の学者たちの間におおむね一致した見解である。

영문 원문

Es 1:1-22.

AHASUERUS MAKES ROYAL FEASTS.

1. Ahasuerus--It is now generally agreed among learned men that the Ahasuerus mentioned in this episode is the Xerxes who figures in Grecian history.

3

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3. すべての君たちと家来たちに宴を設けた--これほど大規模で、これほど長期にわたる宴は、古代にも近代にも、東方諸国の贅沢な君主によってしばしば設けられた。しかしこの祝祭の時期の前半は、娯楽、とりわけ宮廷の壮麗さと宝物を展示することに捧げられたようであり、特別な七日間続く宴によって、王宮の庭園の内で締めくくられた。シュシャンの古代の宮殿は最近、土と廃墟の塊の下から発掘された。疑いなくこの箇所が言及する実際の建物であるその宮殿には、大理石の柱の大広間がある。「大列柱廊の位置は、ここに与えられた記述と一致する。それは塚の中央の高みに立っており、残りの部分は私たちがペルシャ式に庭園と噴水で占められていたと想像してよいであろう。こうして列柱廊は、その『大理石の柱』を備えた『王の宮殿の庭の庭』を表すであろう。私はさらに、『宮のシュシャン』という表現が、特に既存の廃墟のこの部分に当てはまると信じる向きがある。シュシャンの城塞や市街と区別してである」[LOFTUS(ロフタス), Chaldaea and Susiana(『カルデアとスシアナ』)]。

영문 원문

3. made a feast unto all his princes and his servants--Banquets on so grand a scale, and extending over so great a period, have been frequently provided by the luxurious monarchs of Eastern countries, both in ancient and modern times. The early portion of this festive season, however, seems to have been dedicated to amusement, particularly an exhibition of the magnificence and treasures of the court, and it was closed by a special feast of seven days' continuance, given within the gardens of the royal palace. The ancient palace of Susa has been recently disinterred from an incumbent mass of earth and ruins; and in that palace, which is, beyond all doubt, the actual edifice referred to in this passage, there is a great hall of marble pillars. "The position of the great colonnade corresponds with the account here given. It stands on an elevation in the center of the mound, the remainder of which we may well imagine to have been occupied, after the Persian fashion, with a garden and fountains. Thus the colonnade would represent the 'court of the garden of the king's palace' with its 'pillars of marble.' I am even inclined to believe the expression, 'Shushan the palace,' applies especially to this portion of the existing ruins, in contradistinction to the citadel and the city of Shushan" [LOFTUS, Chaldaea and Susiana].

6

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6. そこには白、緑、青の垂れ幕などがあった--祝いの席において身分の高い者の家では、壁の中ほどから下を、鉤に掛け、随意に取り外しできる種々の色の緞子(どんす)または天鵝絨(びろうど)の垂れ幕で飾るのが習わしであった。

寝台は金銀であった--すなわち東方の習慣に従って客たちが身を凭せかけていた寝椅子であり、それらは全体的に金銀で作られるか、あるいはそれらの高価な金属の飾りで象嵌され、種々の色の大理石の高い床の上に置かれていた。

영문 원문

6. Where were white, green, and blue hangings, &c.--The fashion, in the houses of the great, on festive occasions, was to decorate the chambers from the middle of the wall downward with damask or velvet hangings of variegated colors suspended on hooks, or taken down at pleasure.

the beds were of gold and silver--that is, the couches on which, according to Oriental fashion, the guests reclined, and which were either formed entirely of gold and silver or inlaid with ornaments of those costly metals, stood on an elevated floor of parti-colored marble.

7

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7. 金の器で彼らに飲ませた--この記述から、またぶどう酒を飲むことが描写の中で最も際立った位置を占めている(エス 5:6; 7:2, 7, 8)ことから、これは食事よりも宴であったと信じる理由がある。

영문 원문

7. they gave them drink in vessels of gold--There is reason to believe from this account, as well as from

Es 5:6; 7:2, 7, 8,

where the drinking of wine occupies by far the most prominent place in the description, that this was a banquet rather than a feast.

9

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9. またワシュテ王妃は女たちのために宴を設けた--祝いは二重であった。すなわち東方の習慣にしたがい男女は社交の場を共にしないので、宮廷の貴婦人たちは王妃によって別の居室でもてなされた。

영문 원문

9. Also Vashti the queen made a feast for the women--The celebration was double; for, as according to the Oriental fashion, the sexes do not intermingle in society, the court ladies were entertained in a separate apartment by the queen.

10

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10-12. 第七日に、王の心がぶどう酒で楽んだとき--祝宴の日が進むにつれて、飲酒はより自由に行われたので、終わりは通常大いなる放蕩の乱れによって特徴づけられた。

彼は……七人の侍従に命じた--これらは王の後宮を預かる宦官であった。酔った乱痴気騒ぎの群衆の前でみだりに自分をさらすことを求める命令に従うことをワシュテが拒んだのは、彼女の性の慎みにも、また王妃としての地位にもふさわしいことであった。ペルシャの習慣によれば、王妃は他の男の妻たちよりもいっそう公の視線から隔離されていたからである。もし王の血がぶどう酒で熱くなっていなかったか、あるいは傷つけられた誇りによって理性が圧倒されていなかったなら、彼女の威厳ある振る舞いが彼女自身の名誉と同様に王自身の名誉をも守ることであったことを彼は悟ったであろう。

영문 원문

10-12. On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine--As the feast days advanced, the drinking was more freely indulged in, so that the close was usually marked by great excesses of revelry.

he commanded . . . the seven chamberlains--These were the eunuchs who had charge of the royal harem. The refusal of Vashti to obey an order which required her to make an indecent exposure of herself before a company of drunken revellers, was becoming both the modesty of her sex and her rank as queen; for, according to Persian customs, the queen, even more than the wives of other men, was secluded from the public gaze. Had not the king's blood been heated with wine, or his reason overpowered by force of offended pride, he would have perceived that his own honor, as well as hers, was consulted by her dignified conduct.

13

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13-19. そこで王は知者たちに言った--これらはおそらく magi(マゴス)であり、何かを行う適切な時に関する彼らの助言なしには、ペルシャの王は決していかなる措置も取らなかった。そしてエス 1:14に名を挙げられた人々は、国の内閣を形成する「七人の顧問」であった(エズ 7:14と比較)。ワシュテの王の召喴への不従順という前例のない出来事の後に、どのような方針を取るべきかを王と協議するために、すべての者の知恵が動員されたようである。主権者の意志が絶対であった国と宮廷において、このような拒絶がどれほどの驚きを生んだかを私たちが想像することはほとんど不可能である。集まった貴族たちはその大胆な侮辱に恐怖で石のように固まった。次に、それぞれの自分の家でも同様の結果が及ぶかもしれないという恐れが彼らの心を捉えた。そしてバッコス的放蕩の音は、反抗的な王妃にどのような罰を加えるべきかという深く不安な協議へと静まった。しかし王へのへつらいとすべての女の隷属化によって達成される目的があった。顧問たちは酔いすぎるか、あるいはあまりに従順すぎて、メムカンの宮廷的な助言に反対できなかった。国の公共利益への賢明な配慮をもって、ワシュテの罰は王妃の尊厳からの降格以外にはあり得ないと全会一致で決定された。判決はそれにしたがって宣告され、帝国のすべての地域に知らされた。

영문 원문

13-19. Then the king said to the wise men--These were probably the magi, without whose advice as to the proper time of doing a thing the Persian kings never did take any step whatever; and the persons named in

Es 1:14

were the "seven counsellors" (compare

Ezr 7:14)

who formed the state ministry. The combined wisdom of all, it seems, was enlisted to consult with the king what course should be taken after so unprecedented an occurrence as Vashti's disobedience of the royal summons. It is scarcely possible for us to imagine the astonishment produced by such a refusal in a country and a court where the will of the sovereign was absolute. The assembled grandees were petrified with horror at the daring affront. Alarm for the consequences that might ensue to each of them in his own household next seized on their minds; and the sounds of bacchanalian revelry were hushed into deep and anxious consultation what punishment to inflict on the refractory queen. But a purpose was to be served by the flattery of the king and the enslavement of all women. The counsellors were too intoxicated or obsequious to oppose the courtly advice of Memucan was unanimously resolved, with a wise regard to the public interests of the nation, that the punishment of Vashti could be nothing short of degradation from her royal dignity. The doom was accordingly pronounced and made known in all parts of the empire.