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Ex 19:1-25.
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Ex 19:1-25.
ARRIVAL AT SINAI.
1. In the third month--according to Jewish usage, the first day of that month--"same day."--It is added, to mark the time more explicitly, that is, forty-five days after Egypt--one day spent on the mount
(Ex 19:3),
one returning the people's answer
(Ex 19:7, 8),
three days of preparation, making the whole time fifty days from the first passover to the promulgation of the law. Hence the feast of pentecost, that is, the fiftieth day, was the inauguration of the Old Testament church, and the divine wisdom is apparent in the selection of the same reason for the institution of the New Testament church
(Joh 1:17; Ac 2:1).
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2. 到了西奈的曠野——曠野有其省份或分區，因多種不同的名稱而彼此區別；「西奈的曠野」即占據半島正中央那片荒涼崎嶇的地區，包括上帝之山所屬的那條高聳山脈。那是一片由粗嶙的斑岩與紅花崗岩構成、谷地大多寸草不生的荒野。
以色列人就在那裏的山前安營——西奈山，得名於 Seneh，即荊棘叢。如今稱為 Jebel Musa。他們進入這巨大山彙腹地的路徑，是經 Wady Feiran，這條路將帶領大批人馬與牛羊群進入 Jebel Musa 高處的谷地——那裏泉水豐富，特別是進入曠野中那條主要的通道——所有谷地中最長、最寬、最連貫的 Wady-es-Sheikh；許多人則會散布在鄰近的谷地中；如此與世隔絕，在一片荒涼而崇偉的岩石環形劇場中，他們「就在山前安營」。「在這谷中——一條長而平坦的谷地——約四分之一英哩寬，向北蜿蜒——以色列人必能找到足夠的營地空間。在那地區所有的旱谷中，這裏最適合長期停駐。以色列人的『佳美帳幕』可以無限制地展開」〔BONAR〕。
영문 원문
2. were come to the desert of Sinai--The desert has its provinces, or divisions, distinguished by a variety of names; and the "desert of Sinai" is that wild and desolate region which occupies the very center of the peninsula, comprising the lofty range to which the mount of God belongs. It is a wilderness of shaggy rocks of porphyry and red granite, and of valleys for the most part bare of verdure.
and there Israel camped before the mount--Sinai, so called from Seneh, or acacia bush. It is now called Jebel Musa. Their way into the interior of the gigantic cluster was by Wady Feiran, which would lead the bulk of the hosts with their flocks and herds into the high valleys of Jebel Musa, with their abundant springs, especially into the great thoroughfare of the desert--the longest, widest, and most continuous of all the valleys, the Wady-es-Sheikh, while many would be scattered among the adjacent valleys; so that thus secluded from the world in a wild and sublime amphitheatre of rocks, they "camped before the mount." "In this valley--a long flat valley--about a quarter of a mile in breadth, winding northwards, Israel would find ample room for their encampment. Of all the wadys in that region, it seems the most suitable for a prolonged sojourn. The 'goodly tents' of Israel could spread themselves without limit" [BONAR].
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3-6. 摩西就上去朝見上帝——即朝見舍金那——在雲中
（Ex 33:20；約 1:18）。
你要這樣告訴雅各家等語——摩西上去的目的，是要領受並傳達給百姓這幾節所載的信息，其要旨是宣布上帝將要據以使以色列人與自己建立緊密而特殊關係的一般條件。在上帝與其百姓之間這樣居中周旋——這是任何世人曾被召承擔的最高職責崗位——摩西仍然不過是僕人。惟一的中保是耶穌基督
〔提前 2:5；來 12:24〕。
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3-6. Moses went up unto God--the Shekinah--within the cloud
(Ex 33:20; Joh 1:18).
Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, &c.--The object for which Moses went up was to receive and convey to the people the message contained in these verses, and the purport of which was a general announcement of the terms on which God was to take the Israelites into a close and peculiar relation to Himself. In thus negotiating between God and His people, the highest post of duty which any mortal man was ever called to occupy, Moses was still but a servant. The only Mediator is Jesus Christ
[1Ti 2:5; Heb 12:24].
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6. 你們要歸我作祭司的國度——正如祭司的等次是從一般群眾中分別出來，照樣以色列人與其他民族相比，也當維持與上帝同樣親近的關係——一個屬靈君尊的共同體。
為聖潔的國民——被分別出來，為要保存對上帝的認識與敬拜。
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6. ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests--As the priestly order was set apart from the common mass, so the Israelites, compared with other people, were to sustain the same near relation to God; a community of spiritual sovreigns.
an holy nation--set apart to preserve the knowledge and worship of God.
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7, 8. 摩西去召了民間的長老來——這信息是藉著長老傳達給龐大群眾的；這些長老無疑將所要求的條件教導了他們。他們一致接受也經由同一渠道傳達給摩西，再由摩西呈報耶和華。唉！他們的話語暴露了多少自信！他們何等不知道自己是怎樣的心！
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7, 8. Moses came and called for the elders of the people--The message was conveyed to the mighty multitude through their elders, who, doubtless, instructed them in the conditions required. Their unanimous acceptance was conveyed through the same channel to Moses, and by him reported to the Lord. Ah! how much self-confidence did their language betray! How little did they know what spirit they were of!
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9-15. 耶和華對摩西說：我要在密雲中臨到你那裏等語——最深刻的印象是藉著感官的媒介印在人心上的；因此那知道人心的上帝，在古教會的創立時，以一切適合產生「祂是大而可畏的上帝」這信念之威嚴記號來標示其降臨。全體群眾必以極其莊嚴敬畏的心情期待這事件。所吩咐的非同尋常的預備、他們被要求遵守的沐浴與嚴格的禁戒、圍繞山腳所建的欄杆、以及違反任何條件所附帶的嚴厲刑罰，都傾向於營造一種認真而莊嚴的期待，並隨著所定的日子臨近而加增。
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9-15. The Lord said unto Moses, Lo, I come . . . in a thick cloud, &c.--The deepest impressions are made on the mind through the medium of the senses; and so He who knew what was in man signalized His descent at the inauguration of the ancient church, by all the sensible tokens of august majesty that were fitted to produce the conviction that He is the great and terrible God. The whole multitude must have anticipated the event with feelings of intense solemnity and awe. The extraordinary preparations enjoined, the ablutions and rigid abstinence they were required to observe, the barriers erected all round the base of the mount, and the stern penalties annexed to the breach of any of the conditions, all tended to create an earnest and solemn expectation which increased as the appointed day drew near.
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16. 第三天早晨，雷轟、閃電等語——上帝的降臨以想像力所能構想、與宏偉與敬畏之觀念相連的一切事物來標示。但一切都與即將頒布之律法的性質相符。山因火燒燃燒，上帝被展現為其律法違背者的烈火。雷鳴與閃電在那地區深沉的寂靜中更為可畏，在群山間以可怖的聲響迴盪，將喚起普遍的注意；密雲是那黑暗而隱晦的安排的貼切象徵
（比較 太 17:5）。
號角聲——這賦予場景一個神蹟性事件的性質，其中有自然之外的要素在運作，所吹的是物質號角之外、以人氣之外的手段吹響的。
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16. on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, &c.--The descent of God was signalized by every object imagination can conceive connected with the ideas of grandeur and of awe. But all was in keeping with the character of the law about to be proclaimed. As the mountain burned with fire, God was exhibited as a consuming fire to the transgressors of His law. The thunder and lightning, more awful amid the deep stillness of the region and reverberating with terrific peals among the mountains, would rouse the universal attention; a thick cloud was an apt emblem of the dark and shadowy dispensation (compare
Mt 17:5).
the voice of a trumpet--This gave the scene the character of a miraculous transaction, in which other elements than those of nature were at work, and some other than material trumpet was blown by other means than human breath.
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17. 摩西率領百姓出營迎接上帝——他們所站的 Wady-er-Raheh 有一片寬闊的沙地平原；就在 Es Suksafeh——ROBINSON 認為是頒布律法的山——前面。「我們測量了它，估計整個平原長二地理哩，寬從三分之一到三分之二哩不等，即相當於一平方哩的面積。這空間因西邊的凹陷以及東邊 Wady-es-Sheikh 寬闊平坦的地帶而幾乎加倍——後者與平原成直角相交，同樣可看到山的前面和山頂。我們的勘察使我們確信：這裏有足夠的空間滿足聖經敘述中有關會眾聚集領受律法的一切要求。這裏也可看出在山周圍設立界限、不讓人畜太靠近的吩咐是合宜的，因為山如垂直的牆壁般矗立。」但 Jebel Musa——古傳的西奈山——最高的山峰——也有一片寬闊的谷地 Wady Sebaiyeh，可容納百姓。他們究竟站在這兩處中的哪一處，尚不能確定。
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17. Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God--Wady-er-Raheh, where they stood, has a spacious sandy plain; immediately in front of Es Suksafeh, considered by ROBINSON to be the mount from which the law was given. "We measured it, and estimate the whole plain at two geographical miles long, and ranging in breadth from one-third to two-thirds of a mile, or as equivalent to a surface of one square mile. This space is nearly doubled by the recess on the west, and by the broad and level area of Wady-es-Sheikh on the east, which issues at right angles to the plain, and is equally in view of the front and summit of the mount. The examination convinced us that here was space enough to satisfy all the requisitions of the Scripture narrative, so far as it relates to the assembling of the congregation to receive the law. Here, too, one can see the fitness of the injunction to set bounds around the mount, that neither man nor beast might approach too near, for it rises like a perpendicular wall." But Jebel Musa, the old traditional Sinai, and the highest peak, has also a spacious valley, Wady Sebaiyeh, capable of holding the people. It is not certain on which of these two they stood.
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21. 耶和華對摩西說：你下去囑咐百姓——摩西才上山少許，便突然被命返回，以阻止百姓闖破來觀看——這是為提高場面之深刻印象而採取的措施。在以色列全群眾站在山腳的時候與境況中，向所有人無論其身分如何重新頒發嚴格的禁令，最大限度地使每一顆心肅然起敬。
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21. the Lord said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people--No sooner had Moses proceeded a little up the mount, than he was suddenly ordered to return, in order to keep the people from breaking through to gaze--a course adopted to heighten the impressive solemnity of the scene. The strict injunctions renewed to all, whatever their condition, at a time and in circumstances when the whole multitude of Israel were standing at the base of the mount, was calculated in the highest degree to solemnize and awe every heart.
Ex 19:1-25.
抵達西奈。
1. 以色列人出埃及地以後，滿了三個月的那一天——按猶太人的慣例，是指該月的第一日——「那一天」——為更明確地標示時間，加上一語，即離埃及後四十五日——在山上花了一日
（Ex 19:3）， 一日用以傳回百姓的答覆
（Ex 19:7, 8）， 三日預備，合計自首次逾越節到律法頒布共五十日。因此五旬節——即第五十日——的設立，正是舊約教會的開端；而上帝的智慧在新約教會的設立上也揀選了同一緣由
（約 1:17；徒 2:1），
由此顯明。