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Ex 23:1-33.
영문 원문
Ex 23:1-33.
LAWS CONCERNING SLANDER, &c.
1. put not thine hand--join not hands.
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2. 偏離——即離開、背離那正直的直路。
영문 원문
2. decline--depart, deviate from the straight path of rectitude.
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3. 偏袒——即裝飾、粉飾——你不可連窮人的案情也加以粉飾，使之比其應有的更好的色彩。
영문 원문
3. countenance--adorn, embellish--thou shalt not varnish the cause even of a poor man to give it a better coloring than it merits.
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10. 六年你要種地——每第七年停止耕種土地。但看來即使在那時仍有自生的出產，窮人可以自由拾取使用，野獸被放出來吃剩下的；在這個安息年間，田地的主人不可收割或收取葡萄園或橄欖園的果子。這是一項服務於許多優良目的的規定；因為除了灌輸對上帝旨意之倚靠的普遍功課、以及對其第六年三倍增產之應許的信靠
（利 25:20, 21）
之外，它還給以色列人一個實際的證明：他們作為上帝的佃戶，從主手中持有其產業，必須遵行其規則，否則便喪失其租權。
영문 원문
10. six years thou shalt sow thy land--intermitting the cultivation of the land every seventh year. But it appears that even then there was a spontaneous produce which the poor were permitted freely to gather for their use, and the beasts driven out fed on the remainder, the owners of fields not being allowed to reap or collect the fruits of the vineyard or oliveyard during the course of this sabbatical year. This was a regulation subservient to many excellent purposes; for, besides inculcating the general lesson of dependence on Providence, and of confidence in His faithfulness to His promise respecting the triple increase on the sixth year
(Le 25:20, 21),
it gave the Israelites a practical proof that they held their properties of the Lord as His tenants, and must conform to His rules on pain of forfeiting the lease of them.
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12. 六日你要做工，第七日要安息——這條律法在此重複
〔出 20:9〕，
免得有人以為在安息年期間其遵守有所放寬。
영문 원문
12. Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest--This law is repeated
[Ex 20:9]
lest any might suppose there was a relaxation of its observance during the sabbatical year.
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13. 不可題別神的名等語——即在平常談話中，因為對這些名的隨意使用會減弱對偶像崇拜的厭惡。
영문 원문
13. make no mention of the name of other gods, &c.--that is, in common conversation, for a familiar use of them would tend to lessen horror of idolatry.
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14-18. 一年三次……向我守節——這就是各大宗教節期的設立——「除酵節」即逾越節——「收割節」即五旬節——「收藏節」即住棚節，為紀念在曠野住棚，於第七個月遵守
（出 12:2）。 一切男丁都被吩咐到會幕——後來是聖殿——去，婦女也常常前往。這項國家習俗的設立在許多方面都極為重要：它維繫了國家的宗教意識和敬拜上的公共一致性，創造了團結的紐帶，也促進了百姓之間的國內商業。雖然所有男丁在這三個節期都不在，使國家在防禦上空虛，卻蒙了特別的上帝保護應許，在那些場合從未容許敵人入侵。
영문 원문
14-18. Three times . . . keep a feast . . . in the year--This was the institution of the great religious festivals--"The feast of unleavened bread," or the passover--"the feast of harvest," or pentecost--"the feast of ingathering," or the feast of tabernacles, which was a memorial of the dwelling in booths in the wilderness, and which was observed in the seventh month
(Ex 12:2).
All the males were enjoined to repair to the tabernacle and afterwards the temple, and the women frequently went. The institution of this national custom was of the greatest importance in many ways: by keeping up a national sense of religion and a public uniformity in worship, by creating a bond of unity, and also by promoting internal commerce among the people. Though the absence of all the males at these three festivals left the country defenseless, a special promise was given of divine protection, and no incursion of enemies was ever permitted to happen on those occasions.
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19. 不可用山羊羔母的奶煮山羊羔——禁止仿效埃及偶像崇拜者的迷信儀式：他們在收成之末用山羊羔在其母奶中煮熟，並將其湯作為魔法咒語灑在園圃和田地上，以求來季更為豐收
〔見 申 14:21〕。
영문 원문
19. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk--A prohibition against imitating the superstitious rites of the idolaters in Egypt, who, at the end of their harvest, seethed a kid in its mother's milk and sprinkled the broth as a magical charm on their gardens and fields, to render them more productive the following season. [See on
De 14:21].
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20-25. 看哪，我差遣使者在你前面，在路上保護你——這些賜給摩西、又由他向百姓複述的律法的傳達，以許多激勵性的應許作為結束，其中夾雜著若干莊嚴的警告：陷入罪惡與偶像崇拜將不被容忍或免罰。
영문 원문
20-25. Behold, I send an Angel before thee, to keep thee in the way--The communication of these laws, made to Moses and by him rehearsed to the people, was concluded by the addition of many animating promises, intermingled with several solemn warnings that lapses into sin and idolatry would not be tolerated or passed with impunity.
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21. 我的名在他裏面——這使者屢被稱為耶和華與 Elohim，即上帝。
영문 원문
21. my name is in him--This angel is frequently called Jehovah and Elohim, that is, God.
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28. 我要打發黃蜂在你前面等語（參
書 24:12
註釋）——指某種上帝審判的工具，但解釋紛紜：有作字面意義的黃蜂〔BOCHART〕；有作瘟疫〔ROSENMULLER〕；有作耶和華的驚嚇，即一種非常的消沉沮喪〔JUNIUS〕。
영문 원문
28. I will send hornets before thee, &c. (See on
Jos 24:12)
--Some instrument of divine judgment, but variously interpreted: as hornets in a literal sense [BOCHART]; as a pestilential disease [ROSENMULLER]; as a terror of the Lord, an extraordinary dejection [JUNIUS].
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29, 30. 我不在一年之內將他們……攆出去……恐怕地成為荒場——逐步除滅迦南原住民，有許多理由支持。但此處只提及一個——在無人居住的地面上，野獸可能過度繁殖，造成禍患；這清楚證明應許之地遠超過以色列人現有人口所需。
영문 원문
29, 30. I will not drive . . . out . . . in one year; lest the land become desolate--Many reasons recommend a gradual extirpation of the former inhabitants of Canaan. But only one is here specified--the danger lest, in the unoccupied grounds, wild beasts should inconveniently multiply; a clear proof that the promised land was more than sufficient to contain the actual population of the Israelites.
Ex 23:1-33.
有關謠言等的律例。
1. 不可與人攜手——即不可與人聯手。