1
Ex 34:1-35.
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Ex 34:1-35.
THE TABLES ARE RENEWED.
1. the like unto the first--God having been reconciled to repentant Israel, through the earnest intercession, the successful mediation of Moses, means were to be taken for the restoration of the broken covenant. Intimation was given, however, in a most intelligible and expressive manner, that the favor was to be restored with some memento of the rupture; for at the former time God Himself had provided the materials, as well as written upon them. Now, Moses was to prepare the stone tables, and God was only to retrace the characters originally inscribed for the use and guidance of the people.
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2. 在早晨之前……你預備好了，就上到山頂來見我——並非絕對的最高峰；因為舍金那的雲彩通常停在山頂，然而
（Ex 34:5）
它「降臨」了，明顯的推論是：摩西要駐在一處距此不遠、但仍在最高峰之下的地點。
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2. present thyself . . . to me in the top of the mount--Not absolutely the highest peak; for as the cloud of the Shekinah usually abode on the summit, and yet
(Ex 34:5)
it "descended," the plain inference is that Moses was to station himself at a point not far distant, but still below the loftiest pinnacle.
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3. 誰也不可和你上去……牛羊……也不可——這一切規定，都是為了使律法能以第二次頒布時，帶有與首次頒布時相同的莊嚴與聖潔。整個過程都被安排得使百姓對上帝的聖潔產生一種可敬畏的意識；並使他們明白：使上帝——可以這樣說——不得不重新頒布十誡的律法，決不是一件無關緊要的事。
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3. no man shall come up with thee . . . neither . . . flocks nor herds--All these enactments were made in order that the law might be a second time renewed with the solemnity and sanctity that marked its first delivery. The whole transaction was ordered so as to impress the people with an awful sense of the holiness of God; and that it was a matter of no trifling moment to have subjected Him, so to speak, to the necessity of re-delivering the law of the ten commandments.
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4. 摩西……手裏拿著兩塊石版——摩西既沒有隨從來分擔搬運之勞，可見這兩塊版必是輕的、體積不大——大概是頁岩或板岩的扁平板塊，這類石材在何烈的山區極為豐富。它們體積相對較小的進一步證據，在於它們被存放在至聖所的約櫃中
（出 25:10）。
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4. Moses . . . took in his hand the two tables of stone--As Moses had no attendant to divide the labor of carrying them, it is evident that they must have been light, and of no great dimensions--probably flat slabs of shale or slate, such as abound in the mountainous region of Horeb. An additional proof of their comparatively small size appears in the circumstance of their being deposited in the ark of the most holy place
(Ex 25:10).
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5. 耶和華在雲中降臨——雲彩在恩慈地停駐於會幕之上後，似乎恢復了它在山頂的常設位置。這是上帝向外在感官顯現的影兒；同時也是上帝在肉身顯現的影兒。選用雲彩為象徵，似乎是要表明：雖然祂樂意使人認識關於祂自己的許多事，但仍有更多是向必死的眼光隱藏的。這是要過制人的狂妄、孕育敬畏的心，並使人對自己在上帝知識上的成就有謙卑之感——正如人如今所見，只是模糊不清。
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5. the Lord descended in the cloud--After graciously hovering over the tabernacle, it seems to have resumed its usual position on the summit of the mount. It was the shadow of God manifest to the outward senses; and, at the same time, of God manifest in the flesh. The emblem of a cloud seems to have been chosen to signify that, although He was pleased to make known much about himself, there was more veiled from mortal view. It was to check presumption and engender awe and give a humble sense of human attainments in divine knowledge, as now man sees, but darkly.
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6. 耶和華在他面前宣告說——在這個非凡的場景中，上帝成就了祂前一天對摩西的應許。
宣告說：耶和華……有憐憫有恩典——在更早的時候，祂曾以自有永有之永恆威嚴的榮耀，向摩西宣告自己為「我是」
〔出 3:14〕； 如今祂以恩典與良善的榮耀使人認識祂——這些屬性將在教會未來的歷史與經歷中輝煌地彰顯。祂既將要重新頒布其律法——以色列人的罪既已蒙赦免、赦罪的文憑即將藉著重申前約的條款而簽署蓋印——此時正是最恰當的時機，來宣告那將要彰顯之上帝憐憫的寬廣——不僅在以色列人的事上，也在一切犯罪者的事上。
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6. the Lord passed by before him--in this remarkable scene, God performed what He had promised to Moses the day before.
proclaimed, The Lord . . . merciful and gracious--At an earlier period He had announced Himself to Moses, in the glory of His self-existent and eternal majesty, as "I am"
[Ex 3:14];
now He makes Himself known in the glory of His grace and goodness--attributes that were to be illustriously displayed in the future history and experience of the church. Being about to republish His law--the sin of the Israelites being forgiven and the deed of pardon about to be signed and sealed by renewing the terms of the former covenant--it was the most fitting time to proclaim the extent of the divine mercy which was to be displayed, not in the case of Israel only, but of all who offend.
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8-26. 摩西急忙伏地下拜——在東方，人們對君主鞠躬，並在其經過時肅靜無聲；而在西方，人們脫帽並歡呼。
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8-26. Moses bowed . . . and worshipped--In the East, people bow the head to royalty, and are silent when it passes by, while in the West, they take off their hats and shout.
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9, 10. 他說：主啊，我若在你眼前蒙恩，求我主在我們中間同行——在這宣告之上，他以心中洋溢的仁愛，為上帝的同在繼續與百姓同在而懇切祈求；上帝樂意以重新應許的方式——重申前國家盟約的主要條款——對摩西的代求作出有利的回答。
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9, 10. he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us--On this proclamation, he, in the overflowing benevolence of s heart, founded an earnest petition for the Divine Presence being continued with the people; and God was pleased to give His favorable answer to Moses' intercession by a renewal of His promise under the form of a covenant, repeating the leading points that formed the conditions of the former national compact.
27
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27, 28. 耶和華對摩西說：你要將這些話寫上——即上文所涵蓋的禮儀與司法規條
（出 34:11-26）；
而將十條誡命重新寫在預備好的石版上，則是上帝親自作的（參
申 10:1-4）。
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27, 28. And the Lord said unto Moses, Write thou these words--that is, the ceremonial and judicial injunctions comprehended above
(Ex 34:11-26);
while the rewriting of the ten commandments on the newly prepared slabs was done by God Himself (compare
De 10:1-4).
28
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28. 摩西在耶和華那裏四十晝夜——與從前一樣長久
〔出 24:18〕， 賴上帝奇蹟的大能支持他以執行特殊的職務。這第二次長時間禁食的特殊原因，另有說明
（申 9:18）。
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28. he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights--as long as formerly
[Ex 24:18],
being sustained for the execution of his special duties by the miraculous power of God. A special cause is assigned for his protracted fast on this second occasion
(De 9:18).
29
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29. 摩西不知道自己的面皮與耶和華說話的時候就發了光——這是他被接入那崇高之境界、並目睹了那榮光的標記
（林後 3:18）；
從這角度看，這也是他作上帝使者之崇高職分的記號。他不需要呈上任何證書，他的憑據就在自己的臉上；無論這超凡的光輝是永久的、還是短暫的殊榮，這反射的榮光賜給他，毫無疑問是作為他在全民面前的尊榮。
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29. Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him--It was an intimation of the exalted presence into which he had been admitted and of the glory he had witnessed
(2Co 3:18);
and in that view, it was a badge of his high office as the ambassador of God. No testimonial needed to be produced. He bore his credentials on his very face; and whether this extraordinary effulgence was a permanent or merely temporary distinction, it cannot be doubted that this reflected glory was given him as an honor before all the people.
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30. 他們就怕挨近他——他們的懼怕源於罪咎之感——他面容上耀眼的光輝，使他們戰慄的良心視之為天上火焰的使者。
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30. they were afraid to come nigh him--Their fear arose from a sense of guilt--the beaming radiance of his countenance made him appear to their awe-struck consciences a flaming minister of heaven.
33
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33. 就用帕子蒙上臉——摩西與耶和華說話時將帕子揭去，最為恰當，因為在無所不知者的眼前，人人都坦然無遮；但回到百姓那裏時，帕子又重新蒙上——這正是那個時代制度幽暗朦朧性質的象徵
（林後 3:13, 14）。
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33. he put a veil on his face--That veil was with the greatest propriety removed when speaking with the Lord, for every one appears unveiled to the eye of Omniscience; but it was replaced on returning to the people--and this was emblematic of the dark and shadowy character of that dispensation
(2Co 3:13, 14).
Ex 34:1-35.
法版重造。
1. 和先前的版一樣——上帝既已藉摩西懇切的代求、有效的中保，與悔改的以色列和好，便要採取步驟恢復已被破壞的約。然而，上帝以最為明瞭而意味深長的方式表明：這恩惠的恢復將附帶某種破裂的紀念；因為前次是上帝自己預備了石版，也親自寫在其上。如今，摩西要預備石版，上帝只是重新刻上原先為百姓的益用與指引而銘刻的字樣。