Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 에스라 3장

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에스라 3장

지원 언어 현황 영 한 일 중(간) 중(번)

1

Ezr 3:1-13.

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エズ 3:1-13.

祭壇を立て直す。

1. 第七の月が来たとき--帰還した捕囚の民がバビロンを発ったのは春のことであった。彼らは到着してしばらくの間、エルサレムとその周辺の廃墟の中に自分たちの住処を建てるという必要な作業に従事していた。この予備的な作業が終わると、彼らは燔祭の祭壇を築き直すことに取り掛かった。聖暦の第七の月、すなわち私たちの暦の九月の終わり頃に当たる時期が近づいており、そこで仮庵の祭(レビ記 23:34)を守らなければならなかったので、彼らは神殿が完全に回復したかのようにその宗教的祭りを祝うことを決心した。

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Ezr 3:1-13.

THE ALTAR SET UP.

1. when the seventh month was come--The departure of the returning exiles from Babylon took place in the spring. For some time after their arrival they were occupied in the necessary work of rearing habitations to themselves amid the ruins of Jerusalem and its neighborhood. This preliminary work being completed, they addressed themselves to rebuild the altar of burnt offering. As the seventh month of the sacred year was at hand--corresponding to the latter end of our September--when the feast of tabernacles

(Le 23:34)

fell to be observed, they resolved to celebrate that religious festival, just as if the temple had been fully restored.

2

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2. ヨシュア--リブラでネブカデネザルによって殺された大祭司セラヤの孫である(列王記第二 25:18-21)。

彼の父エホツァダクはバビロンに捕虜として連れて行かれ、これより前にそこで死んでいた。

ゼルバベル--自然の血統の順序によればペダヤの子であった(歴代誌第一 3:17-19)。しかしサラテルに養育されたので、その子と呼ばれた。

イスラエルの神の祭壇を築き、その上で燔祭を献げるためであった--これは緊急かつただちに必要であった。第一に彼らの罪の贖いをするため、第二に神殿の準備の上に神の祝福を得るとともに、その国民的事業を推進するための敬虔と愛国心を鼓舞するためであった。

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2. Jeshua--the grandson of Seraiah, the high priest, put to death by Nebuchadnezzar at Riblah

(2Ki 25:18-21).

His father, Josedech, had been carried captive to Babylon, and died there, some time before this.

Zerubbabel--was, according to the order of nature, son of Pedaiah

(1Ch 3:17-19);

but having been brought up by Salathiel, he was called his son.

builded the altar of the God of Israel, to offer burnt offerings thereon--This was of urgent and immediate necessity, in order, first, to make atonement for their sins; secondly, to obtain the divine blessing on their preparations for the temple, as well as animate their feelings of piety and patriotism for the prosecution of that national work.

3

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3. 彼らは祭壇をその台の上に立てた--彼らはそれを古い基礎の上に立て直したので、以前立っていた場所と可能な限りほぼ同じ位置を占めることになった。

彼らは朝夕に燔祭を献げた--彼らは公の宗教的儀式を行うことが自分たちの義務であると見なしたので、神殿が再建され献堂されるまで待たなかった。むしろ初めから、律法が規定した毎日の祭(出エジプト記 29:38, 39; レビ記 6:9, 11)を再開し、毎年守る厳かな季節の祭りも遵守した。

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3. they set the altar upon his bases--They reared it upon its old foundation, so that it occupied as nearly as possible the site on which it had formerly stood.

they offered burnt offerings . . . morning and evening--Deeming it their duty to perform the public rites of religion, they did not wait till the temple should be rebuilt and dedicated; but, at the outset, they resumed the daily service prescribed by the law

(Ex 29:38, 39; Le 6:9, 11),

as well as observed the annual seasons of solemn observance.

4

Ezr 3:4-7.

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エズ 3:4-7.

献げ物が更新される。

4, 6. 彼らはまた仮庵の祭を守った...第七の月の第一日から--彼らはその時、毎日の供え物を回復し、その月の十五日に仮庵の祭が守られた。

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Ezr 3:4-7.

OFFERINGS RENEWED.

4, 6. They kept also the feast of tabernacles . . . From the first day of the seventh month--They revived at that time the daily oblation, and it was on the fifteenth day of that month the feast of tabernacles was held.

7

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7. 彼らは...シドンの人々に食物...飲み物、そして油を与えた--彼らはソロモンがしたのと同じ条件と同じ見地から、木材だけでなく労働者を得るためにツロ人々と交渉を始めた(列王記第一 5:11; 歴代誌第二 2:15, 16)。

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7. They gave . . . meat . . . drink, and oil, unto them of Zidon--They opened negotiations with the Tyrians for workmen, as well as for timber, on the same terms and with the same views as Solomon had done

(1Ki 5:11; 2Ch 2:15, 16).

8

Ezr 3:8-13.

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エズ 3:8-13.

神殿の基礎が据えられる。

8. レビ人を任命して...工事を監督させた--すなわち、労働者たちの監督者として働き、様々な部門の労働者を指揮し激励するようにさせた。

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Ezr 3:8-13. THE FOUNDATION OF THE TEMPLE LAID.

8. appointed the Levites . . . to set forward the work--that is, to act as overseers of the workmen, and to direct and animate the laborers in the various departments.

9

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9. ヨシュアとその子ら--これは大祭司ではなく、一人のレビ人を指す(エズ 2:40)。

おそらく機械的な技能とセンスで際立っていたこれらの者たちに、監督者としての職務が特に委ねられた。

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9. Jeshua with his sons--not the high priest, but a Levite

(Ezr 2:40).

To these, as probably distinguished for their mechanical skill and taste, the duty of acting as overseers was particularly committed.

12

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12. しかし祭司とレビ人、および父祖のかしらたちの多くは...大声で泣いた--それらの苦痛に満ちた感情は、第一神殿の基礎が据えられた繁栄した状況と、第二神殿が始められたときの国と都の荒廃して衰退した状態との間の悲しい対比によって引き起こされた。また、第二神殿の基礎に用いられた石の寸法や価値が第一神殿のもの(列王記第一 7:9, 10)に劣っていたこと、建物の付属施設をすべて含めた基礎そのものの規模もはるかに小さかったこと(ハガイ書 2:3)、また現在の彼らの資力の相対的な乏しさと、ダビデおよびソロモンの莫大な資源との間の差異によるものであった。

しかし、悲しみの主な原因はおそらく、第二神殿には第一神殿の大きく独特な栄光をなしていたもの、すなわち契約の箱、シェキナ(Shekinah)、ウリムとトンミムなどが欠如するであろう、という点にあった。だからといってこの第二神殿が非常に壮大で美しい建築物ではなかったという意味ではない。ただ、その物質的な輝きがいかに大きくても、この点でソロモンのものに劣っていた。しかし第二神殿の栄光は、もう一つのさらに重要な観点から、第一神殿の栄光をはるかに凌いだ。すなわち、その壁の内に受肉した救い主を迎え入れたからである(ハガイ書 2:9)。

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12. But many of the priests and Levites and chief of the fathers . . . wept with a loud voice--Those painful emotions were excited by the sad contrast between the prosperous circumstances in which the foundations of the first temple had been laid and the desolate, reduced state of the country and city when the second was begun; between the inferior size and less costliness of the stones used in the foundations of the second

(1Ki 7:9, 10),

and the much smaller extent of the foundation itself, including all the appurtenances of the building

(Hag 2:3);

between the comparative smallness of their present means and the immense resources of David and Solomon. Perhaps, however, the chief cause of grief was that the second temple would be destitute of those things which formed the great and distinguishing glory of the first; namely, the ark, the shekinah, the Urim and Thummim, &c. Not that this second temple was not a very grand and beautiful structure. But no matter how great its material splendor was, it was inferior in this respect to that of Solomon. Yet the glory of the second far outshone that of the first temple in another and more important point of view, namely, the receiving within its walls the incarnate Saviour

(Hag 2:9).

13

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13. 民は喜んで叫ぶ声と民が泣く声とを区別することができなかった--東洋の人々の間では、悲しみの表現は常に非常に大きく激しい。それは慟哭によって示され、その喚き声は時として喜びの喝采と容易に区別できないことがある。

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13. the people could not discern the shout of joy from the noise of the weeping of the people--Among Eastern people, expressions of sorrow are always very loud and vehement. It is indicated by wailing, the howl of which is sometimes not easily distinguishable from joyful acclamations.