1
Isa 13:1-22.
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Isa 13:1-22.
THE THIRTEENTH THROUGH TWENTY-THIRD CHAPTERS CONTAIN PROPHECIES AS TO FOREIGN NATIONS.--THE THIRTEENTH, FOURTEENTH, AND TWENTY-SEVENTH CHAPTERS AS TO BABYLON AND ASSYRIA.
The predictions as to foreign nations are for the sake of the covenant people, to preserve them from despair, or reliance on human confederacies, and to strengthen their faith in God: also in order to extirpate narrow-minded nationality: God is Jehovah to Israel, not for Israel's sake alone, but that He may be thereby Elohim to the nations. These prophecies are in their right chronological place, in the beginning of Hezekiah's reign; then the nations of Western Asia, on the Tigris and Euphrates, first assumed a most menacing aspect.
1. burden--weighty or mournful prophecy [GROTIUS]. Otherwise, simply, the prophetical declaration, from a Hebrew root to put forth with the voice anything, as in
Nu 23:7
[MAURER].
of Babylon--concerning Babylon.
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2. Lift . . . banner——
(Isa 5:26; 11:10).
the high mountain——不如譯作「光禿的（字面作「禿」，即無樹木的）山」；旗幟可從其上遠遠望見，以便召集列國共同攻打巴比倫。
unto them——向瑪代人
(Isa 13:17),
即攻打巴比倫者。值得注意的是，以賽亞在此並非預告猶太人將被擄至巴比倫，而是預設那事件已發生，並將自己置於其後，預言另一個更遠的事件——以色列壓迫者之城的傾覆。此時距事件尚有一百七十四年。
shake . . . hand——以手示意——揮手指揮列國進軍攻打巴比倫。
nobles——巴比倫的。不如譯作貶義的暴君；如
Isa 14:5
中「掌權的」與「惡人」平行；以及
Job 21:28
[MAURER].
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2. Lift . . . banner--
(Isa 5:26; 11:10).
the high mountain--rather, "a bare (literally, "bald," that is, without trees) mountain"; from it the banner could be seen afar off, so as to rally together the peoples against Babylon.
unto them--unto the Medes
(Isa 13:17),
the assailants of Babylon. It is remarkable that Isaiah does not foretell here the Jews' captivity in Babylon, but presupposes that event, and throws himself beyond, predicting another event still more future, the overthrow of the city of Israel's oppressors. It was now one hundred seventy-four years before the event.
shake . . . hand--beckon with the hand--wave the hand to direct the nations to march against Babylon.
nobles--Babylonian. Rather, in a bad sense, tyrants; as in
Isa 14:5,
"rulers" in parallelism to "the wicked"; and
Job 21:28
[MAURER].
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3. sanctified ones——米甸和波斯軍兵，被我鄭重分別出來以毀滅巴比倫；並非內裏「成聖」，而是被指定以成就神聖潔的旨意
(Jer 51:27, 28;
Joe 3:9, 11;
其中希伯來文的預備打仗即「分別為聖」打仗）。
for mine anger——為要執行我的忿怒。
rejoice in my highness——「那些被使我為我的尊榮而得勝的人」[HORSLEY]。外邦的瑪代人不能說是「以神的高舉為樂」。MAURER 譯作：「我那驕傲誇耀的人」
(Zep 3:11);
這正是波斯人的特徵 [HERODOTUS, 1.88]。他們以自己的高舉為樂，但他們所無意中榮耀的，卻是祂的高舉。
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3. sanctified ones--the Median and Persian soldiers solemnly set apart by Me for the destruction of Babylon, not inwardly "sanctified," but designated to fulfil God's holy purpose
(Jer 51:27, 28; Joe 3:9, 11;
where the Hebrew for prepare war is "sanctify" war).
for mine anger--to execute it.
rejoice in my highness--"Those who are made to triumph for My honor" [HORSLEY]. The heathen Medes could not be said to "rejoice in God's highness" MAURER translates, "My haughtily exulting ones"
(Zep 3:11);
a special characteristic of the Persians [HERODOTUS,1.88]. They rejoiced in their own highness, but it was His that they were unconsciously glorifying.
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4. the mountains——即分隔米底亞與亞述的山脈，招聚大軍的旗幟據推測即豎立在其中一座山上。
tumultuous noise——巴比倫人生動地被描繪為聽見某種異常的聲響，如大軍的喧嘩；他們試圖分辨這些聲音，卻只能聽出嘈雜的響聲。
nations——居魯士的軍隊由瑪代人、波斯人和亞美尼亞人組成。
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4. the mountains--namely, which separate Media and Assyria, and on one of which the banner to rally the hosts is supposed to be reared.
tumultuous noise--The Babylonians are vividly depicted as hearing some unwonted sound like the din of a host; they try to distinguish the sounds, but can only perceive a tumultuous noise.
nations--Medes, Persians, and Armenians composed Cyrus' army.
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5. They——即「耶和華」，以及那作為「祂烈怒之兵器」的軍隊。
far country——米底亞和波斯，延伸至極北和極東。
end of heaven——極東之地
(Ps 19:6).
destroy——不如作「擄掠」[HORSLEY]。
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5. They--namely, "Jehovah," and the armies which are "the weapons of His indignation."
far country--Media and Persia, stretching to the far north and east.
end of heaven--the far east
(Ps 19:6).
destroy--rather, "to seize" [HORSLEY].
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6. day of the Lord——祂向巴比倫報仇之日
(Isa 2:12).
將來「震怒之日」的預表
(Re 6:17).
destruction——字面作「毀滅的狂風」。
from the Almighty——非出自人的手；因此無可抗拒。「Almighty」，希伯來文 Shaddai。
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6. day of the Lord--day of His vengeance on Babylon
(Isa 2:12).
Type of the future "day of wrath"
(Re 6:17).
destruction--literally, "a devastating tempest."
from the Almighty--not from mere man; therefore irresistible. "Almighty," Hebrew, Shaddai.
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7. faint . . . melt——如
Jer 50:43;
比較
Jos 7:5.
巴比倫在伯沙撒瀆聖宴席之夜被突襲攻取
(Da 5:30).
因此才會有突然的發昏和心的消化。
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7. faint . . . melt--So
Jer 50:43;
compare
Jos 7:5.
Babylon was taken by surprise on the night of Belshazzar's impious feast
(Da 5:30).
Hence the sudden fainting and melting of hearts.
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8. pangs——希伯來文亦可作「使者」。 因此 HORSLEY 依七十士譯本譯作：「那些傳報意外入侵消息的傳令官也驚慌了。」 MAURER 同意英文譯本的字面譯法：「他們必抓住疼痛與愁苦。」
woman . . . travaileth——
(1Th 5:3)。
amazed——那震驚恐懼、呆滯迷惘的目光。
faces . . . flames——「他們的臉色如火焰一般青白」〔HORSLEY〕；充滿痛苦與憤恨。
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8. pangs--The Hebrew means also a "messenger." HORSLEY, therefore, with the Septuagint translates, "The heralds (who bring word of the unexpected invasion) are terrified." MAURER agrees with English Version, literally, "they shall take hold of pangs and sorrows."
woman . . . travaileth--
(1Th 5:3).
amazed--the stupid, bewildered gaze of consternation.
faces . . . flames--"their visages have the livid hue of flame" [HORSLEY]; with anguish and indignation.
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9. cruel——不是嚴格意義上的殘忍，而是毫不留情的公義；與憐憫相對。也回應了巴比倫向別人所行的（嚴格意義上的）殘忍
(Isa 14:17)，
如今這報應將臨到它自己。
the land——「地」〔HORSLEY〕。
Isa 13:9-13
的語言，只能主要並部分地適用於巴比倫；完全而窮盡地說，乃是指將來臨到全地的審判。試比較
Isa 13:10
與 Mt 24:29; Re 8:12。
巴比倫的罪——狂傲
(Isa 13:11; Isa 14:11; 47:7, 8)，
殘忍、虛假的敬拜
(Jer 50:38)，
逼迫神的子民
(Isa 47:6)——
特別是末世敵基督世界的特徵
(Da 11:32-37; Re 17:3, 6; 18:6, 7, 9-14, 24)。
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9. cruel--not strictly, but unsparingly just; opposed to mercy. Also answering to the cruelty (in the strict sense) of Babylon towards others
(Isa 14:17)
now about to be visited on itself.
the land--"the earth" [HORSLEY]. The language of
Isa 13:9-13
can only primarily and partially apply to Babylon; fully and exhaustively, the judgments to come, hereafter, on the whole earth. Compare
Isa 13:10 with Mt 24:29; Re 8:12.
The sins of Babylon, arrogancy
(Isa 13:11; Isa 14:11; 47:7, 8),
cruelty, false worship
(Jer 50:38),
persecution of the people of God
(Isa 47:6),
are peculiarly characteristic of the Antichristian world of the latter days
(Da 11:32-37; Re 17:3, 6; 18:6, 7, 9-14, 24).
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10. stars 等——比喻列國的無政府狀態、災難與革命
(Isa 34:4; Joe 2:10; Eze 32:7, 8; Am 8:9; Re 6:12-14)。
至終可能有字面上的應驗，在此意象之下預示
(Re 21:1)。
constellations——希伯來文作「愚妄人」或「不敬虔者」；應用於獵戶星座，被描繪為一個不敬虔的巨人（被神化的寧錄，巴比倫的創始者）被鎮在天上。見
Job 38:31 註釋。
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10. stars, &c.--figuratively for anarchy, distress, and revolutions of kingdoms
(Isa 34:4; Joe 2:10; Eze 32:7, 8; Am 8:9; Re 6:12-14).
There may be a literal fulfilment finally, shadowed forth under this imagery
(Re 21:1).
constellations--Hebrew, "a fool," or "impious one"; applied to the constellation Orion, which was represented as an impious giant (Nimrod deified, the founder of Babylon) chained to the sky. See on
Job 38:31.
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11. world——世界上的不敬虔者（參
Isa 11:4)。
arrogancy——巴比倫的慣罪
(Da 4:22, 30)。
the terrible——宜作暴君〔HORSLEY〕。
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11. world--the impious of the world (compare
Isa 11:4).
arrogancy--Babylon's besetting sin
(Da 4:22, 30).
the terrible--rather, tyrants [HORSLEY].
12
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12. man . . . precious——我必如此剪除巴比倫的保衛者，以致一個人如純金般稀有而珍貴。
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12. man . . . precious--I will so cut off Babylon's defenders, that a single man shall be as rare and precious as the finest gold.
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13. 劇烈革命的比喻
（賽 24:19，34:4； 哈 3:6、10； 該 2:6、7； 啟 20:11）。
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13. Image for mighty revolutions
(Isa 24:19; 34:4; Hab 3:6, 10; Hag 2:6, 7; Re 20:11).
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14. 它——巴比倫。
羚羊——瞪羚；最為膽怯、易受驚嚇的動物。
無人伴侶——如無牧人保護的羊
（亞 13:7）。
各人……歸本族——外邦的「雜族之民」必從其中逃出
（耶 50:16、28、37，51:9）。
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14. it--Babylon.
roe--gazelle; the most timid and easily startled.
no man taketh up--sheep defenseless, without a shepherd
(Zec 13:7).
every man . . . to his own people--The "mingled peoples" of foreign lands shall flee out of her
(Jer 50:16, 28, 37; 51:9).
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15. 被搜出——在城中。
被擒拿——「被攔截」〔MAURER〕。「每一個退縮躲避的人」，即藏身於屋中的〔GESENIUS〕。
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15. found--in the city.
joined--"intercepted" [MAURER]. "Every one that has withdrawn himself," namely, to hide in the houses [GESENIUS].
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16.
（詩 137:8、9）。
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16.
(Ps 137:8, 9).
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17. 瑪代人——
（賽 21:2； 耶 51:11、28）。
那時他們臣服於亞述；其後米底亞的巡撫亞爾巴克斯背叛了亞述柔弱的王撒縵以色，毀滅了尼尼微，成為米底亞王，時在主前九世紀。
不重看銀子——人妄想以贖金買命是徒然的。外邦人色諾芬
（《居魯士的教育》，5,1,10）記載居魯士將不重視財富這特點歸於瑪代人。
這是本預言一個有趣的印證。
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17. Medes--
(Isa 21:2; Jer 51:11, 28).
At that time they were subject to Assyria; subsequently Arbaces, satrap of Media, revolted against the effeminate Sardanapalus, king of Assyria, destroyed Nineveh, and became king of Media, in the ninth century B.C.
not regard silver--In vain will one try to buy his life from them for a ransom. The heathen XENOPHON (Cyropædia, 5,1,10) represents Cyrus as attributing this characteristic to the Medes, disregard of riches. A curious confirmation of this prophecy.
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18. 弓——波斯人尤擅使用。
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18. bows--in the use of which the Persians were particularly skilled.
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19. 諸國的榮耀——
(賽 14:4；47:5；耶 51:41)。
……的華美——希伯來文作「迦勒底人之驕傲的榮耀」；這原是他們的誇耀與炫耀。
像……蛾摩拉——即徹底傾覆
(耶 49:18；50:40；摩 4:11)。
此城被居魯士攻取，其法是疏通那條為排泄幼發拉底河多餘水量而開鑿的運河，將河水引入這條新河道，使他能於夜間循舊河床進入城內。
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19. glory of kingdoms--
(Isa 14:4; 47:5; Jer 51:41).
beauty of . . . excellency--Hebrew, "the glory of the pride" of the Chaldees; it was their glory and boast.
as . . . Gomorrah--as utterly
(Jer 49:18; 50:40; Am 4:11).
Taken by Cyrus, by clearing out the canal made for emptying the superfluous waters of the Euphrates, and directing the river into this new channel, so that he was able to enter the city by the old bed in the night.
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20. 已字面應驗。
亞拉伯人……也不支搭帳棚——這城不僅不作永久居所，甚至不作暫時歇息之地。亞拉伯人因懼怕邪靈，又信寧錄的鬼魂在此出沒，故不肯在那裏過夜（參見
賽 13:21)。
牧羊人——這地區從前極為肥沃；但因幼發拉底河不再受約束於原河道，現已成為不適合羊群的死水沼澤；其廢墟的碎石與灰泥之上寸草不生。
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20. Literally fulfilled.
neither . . . Arabian pitch tent--Not only shall it not be a permanent residence, but not even a temporary resting-place. The Arabs, through dread of evil spirits, and believing the ghost of Nimrod to haunt it, will not pass the night there (compare
Isa 13:21).
neither . . . shepherds--The region was once most fertile; but owing to the Euphrates being now no longer kept within its former channels, it has become a stagnant marsh, unfit for flocks; and on the wastes of its ruins (bricks and cement) no grass grows.
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21. 野獸——希伯來文 tsiyim，指棲息於乾旱荒野的動物。即野貓，以嚎叫著稱〔BOCHART〕。
悲傷的獸——「嚎叫的獸」，字面意思是「嚎叫」〔MAURER〕。
鴯鶋——宜作「鴕鳥」；性怯弱，喜居荒涼之地，發出可怕的聲音〔BOCHART〕。
山羊鬼——林中的半神——半人半羊——亞拉伯人相信牠們出沒於這些廢墟；可能是一種山羊-猿類動物〔VITRINGA〕。拜鬼魔者，在某個特定的夜裏在廢墟中跳舞〔J. WOLFF〕。
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21. wild beasts--Hebrew, tsiyim, animals dwelling in arid wastes. Wild cats, remarkable for their howl [BOCHART].
doleful creatures--"howling beasts," literally, "howlings" [MAURER].
owls--rather, "ostriches"; a timorous creature, delighting in solitary deserts and making a hideous noise [BOCHART].
satyrs--sylvan demi-gods--half man, half goat--believed by the Arabs to haunt these ruins; probably animals of the goat-ape species [VITRINGA]. Devil-worshippers, who dance amid the ruins on a certain night [J. WOLFF].
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22. 島上的野獸——宜作「豺狼」；亞拉伯人稱之為「嚎叫之子」；是介於狐與狼之間的動物〔BOCHART 及 MAURER〕。
呼叫——宜作「應答」、「回應」彼此，如狼在夜間所為，產生極為淒慘的效果。
野龍——各種蛇類，發出嘶嘶聲與悲鳴。傳說賦予牠們翅膀，因牠們站立時大部分身軀抬高，然後急速衝刺。MAURER 認為此處指另一種豺狼。
她的時候……近了——雖距一百七十四年之遠，卻在以賽亞看來「近了」，因他被視為對彷彿如今已被擄在巴比倫的猶太人說話
(賽 14:1, 2)。
영문 원문
22. wild beasts of the islands--rather, "jackals"; called by the Arabs "sons of howling"; an animal midway between a fox and a wolf [BOCHART and MAURER].
cry--rather, "answer," "respond" to each other, as wolves do at night, producing a most dismal effect.
dragons--serpents of various species, which hiss and utter dolorous sounds. Fable gave them wings, because they stand with much of the body elevated and then dart swiftly. MAURER understands here another species of jackal.
her time . . . near--though one hundred seventy-four years distant, yet "near" to Isaiah, who is supposed to be speaking to the Jews as if now captives in Babylon
(Isa 14:1, 2).
Isa 13:1-22.
第十三至二十三章包含對外邦列國的預言。——第十三章、十四章與第二十七章論及巴比倫與亞述。
對外邦列國的預言是為聖約之民而設，為的是保守他們免於絕望、或倚靠人間的結盟，並堅固他們對神的信心；也是為了根除狹隘的民族觀念：神之為以色列的耶和華，並非單為以色列的緣故，而是要藉此作列國的神。這些預言按正確的年代次序編排，置於希西家在位之初；那時西亞、底格里斯河與幼發拉底河一帶的列國首次呈現出極其險惡的態勢。
1. burden——意為沉重或哀傷的預言 [GROTIUS]。或作，簡單地指先知的宣告，源於希伯來文詞根——以聲音發出某事，如
Nu 23:7
[MAURER].
of Babylon——論及巴比倫。