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Isa 15:1-9.
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Isa 15:1-9.
THE FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CHAPTERS FORM ONE PROPHECY ON MOAB.
LOWTH thinks it was delivered in the first years of Hezekiah's reign and fulfilled in the fourth when Shalmaneser, on his way to invade Israel, may have seized on the strongholds of Moab. Moab probably had made common cause with Israel and Syria in a league against Assyria. Hence it incurred the vengeance of Assyria. Jeremiah has introduced much of this prophecy into his
forty-eighth chapter.
1. Because--rather, "Surely"; literally, "(I affirm) that" [MAURER].
night--the time best suited for a hostile incursion
(Isa 21:4; Jer 39:4).
Ar--meaning in Hebrew, "the city"; the metropolis of Moab, on the south of the river Arnon.
Kir--literally, "a citadel"; not far from Ar, towards the south.
He--Moab personified.
Bajith--rather, "to the temple" [MAURER]; answering to the "sanctuary"
(Isa 16:12),
in a similar context.
to Dibon--Rather, as Dibon was in a plain north of the Arnon, "Dibon (is gone up) to the high places," the usual places of sacrifice in the East. Same town as Dimon
(Isa 15:9).
to weep--at the sudden calamity.
over Nebo--rather "in Nebo"; not "on account of" Nebo (compare
Isa 15:3)
[MAURER]. The town Nebo was adjacent to the mountain, not far from the northern shore of the Dead Sea. There it was that Chemosh, the idol of Moab, was worshipped (compare
De 34:1).
Medeba--south of Heshbon, on a hill east of Jordan.
baldness . . . beard cut off--The Orientals regarded the beard with peculiar veneration. To cut one's beard off is the greatest mark of sorrow and mortification (compare
Jer 48:37).
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3. tops of . . . houses——平坦的屋頂；東方人祈禱等活動的聚集之處
(Ac 10:9).
weeping abundantly——「在眼淚中消融」。HORSLEY 則取「下到平處哭泣」。如此便構成「交替結構的平行」[LOWTH]，即交錯配列（chiasmus）：「哀號」對應「房頂」；「下到平處哭泣」對應「街市」或廣場——他們從屋頂下到那裏。
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3. tops of . . . houses--flat; places of resort for prayer, &c., in the East
(Ac 10:9).
weeping abundantly--"melting away in tears." HORSLEY prefers "descending to weep." Thus there is a "parallelism by alternate construction" [LOWTH], or chiasmus; "howl" refers to "tops of houses." "Descending to weep" to "streets" or squares, whither they descend from the housetops.
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4. Heshbon——亞摩利人的城，在約旦河以東二十英里；以色列被擄後為摩押所得（比較
Jer 48:1-47).
Elealeh——在希實本附近，屬流便支派。
Jahaz——約旦河以東，屬流便支派。摩西在此附近擊敗西宏。
therefore——因他們的城邑突然傾覆。連武裝的兵丁也不為保衛國土而戰，反要加入普遍的哀號。
life, 等等——不如作「他的靈愁苦」
(1Sa 1:8)
[MAURER].
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4. Heshbon--an Amorite city, twenty miles east of Jordan; taken by Moab after the carrying away of Israel (compare
Jer 48:1-47).
Elealeh--near Heshbon, in Reuben.
Jahaz--east of Jordan, in Reuben. Near it Moses defeated Sihon.
therefore--because of the sudden overthrow of their cities. Even the armed men, instead of fighting in defense of their land, shall join in the general cry.
life, &c.--rather, "his soul is grieved"
(1Sa 1:8)
[MAURER].
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5. My——先知自己對摩押心生憐憫。傳道人在宣告神對罪人的烈怒時，當以哀慟之心行之，而非幸災樂禍。
fugitives——從摩押逃亡的人，漫遊遠至瑣珥——死海極南的邊界。HORSLEY 譯作「她的貴族」或「統治者」
(Ho 4:18).
heifer, 等等——即如「母牛犢」一般提高聲音（比較
Jer 48:34, 36).
「三歲」之語暗示正值全盛之力
(Ge 15:9),
尚未負軛；正如摩押先前未被征服，如今卻將被折斷。如
Jer 31:18;
Ho 4:13.
MAURER 譯作：Eglath（英文譯本作「母牛犢」）Shelishijah（即第三，用以區別另外兩個同名之地）。
by the mounting up——沿上坡之路。
Luhith——摩押的一座山。
Horonaim——摩押的一座城，離瑣珥不遠
(Jer 48:5).
意為「兩個洞穴」，因鄰近洞穴而得名。
cry of destruction——與臨到他們國土的毀滅相稱的哀號。
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5. My--The prophet himself is moved with pity for Moab. Ministers, in denouncing the wrath of God against sinners, should do it with tender sorrow, not with exultation.
fugitives--fleeing from Moab, wander as far as to Zoar, on the extreme boundary south of the Dead Sea. HORSLEY translates, "her nobility," or "rulers"
(Ho 4:18).
heifer, &c.--that is, raising their voices "like a heifer" (compare
Jer 48:34, 36).
The expression "three years old," implies one at its full vigor
(Ge 15:9),
as yet not brought under the yoke; as Moab heretofore unsubdued, but now about to be broken. So
Jer 31:18; Ho 4:13.
MAURER translates, "Eglath" (in English Version, "a heifer") Shelishijah (that is, the third, to distinguish it from two others of the same name).
by the mounting up--up the ascent.
Luhith--a mountain in Moab.
Horonaim--a town of Moab not far from Zoar
(Jer 48:5).
It means "the two poles," being near caves.
cry of destruction--a cry appropriate to the destruction which visits their country.
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6. For——他們向南逃亡的原因
(2Ki 3:19, 25).
「因為」北方地區甚至寧林城（其名意為「清澈的水」，在約旦附近的基列）都沒有水和草木。
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6. For--the cause of their flight southwards
(2Ki 3:19, 25).
"For" the northern regions and even the city Nimrim (the very name of which means "limpid waters," in Gilead near Jordan) are without water or herbage.
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7. Therefore——因那地遭了蹂躪。
abundance——字面作「生活必需品以外的盈餘」。
brook of . . . willows——逃亡者從水已枯竭的寧林逃往水源更好的地方。旁注作「亞拉伯人的山谷」；即他們與阿拉伯彼得拉之間邊界上的山谷；即今 Wady-el Arabah。「阿拉伯」意為「沙漠」。
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7. Therefore--because of the devastation of the land.
abundance--literally, "that which is over and above" the necessaries of life.
brook of . . . willows--The fugitives flee from Nimrim, where the waters have failed, to places better watered. Margin has "valley of Arabians"; that is, to the valley on the boundary between them and Arabia-Petræa; now Wady-el Arabah. "Arabia" means a "desert."
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8. Eglaim——
(Eze 47:10)，
即 En-eglaim。並非 EUSEBIUS 所載、位於亞羅波利斯以南八哩的 Agalum；上下文要求一個在摩押邊界上或邊界以外的城。
Beer-elim——字面意思是「首領之井」——（見
Nu 21:16-18）。
位於摩押東界之外。
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8. Eglaim--
(Eze 47:10),
En-eglaim. Not the Agalum of EUSEBIUS, eight miles from Areopolis towards the south; the context requires a town on the very borders of Moab or beyond them.
Beer-elim--literally, "the well of the Princes"--(so
Nu 21:16-18).
Beyond the east borders of Moab.
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9. Dimon——即底本
(Isa 15:2)。
其水即亞嫩河。
full of blood——摩押被殺的人必如此之多。
bring more——新的災禍，即下文所提的「獅子」
(2Ki 17:25; Jer 5:6; 15:3)。
VITRINGA 認為「獅子」是指尼布甲尼撒；但這是眾數，「獅子們」。「更多」或希伯來文作「添加」，他解釋為被殺者的血流匯入底本的水中所增添的。
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9. Dimon--same as Dibon
(Isa 15:2).
Its waters are the Arnon.
full of blood--The slain of Moab shall be so many.
bring more--fresh calamities, namely, the "lions" afterwards mentioned
(2Ki 17:25; Jer 5:6; 15:3).
VITRINGA understands Nebuchadnezzar as meant by "the lion"; but it is plural, "lions." The "more," or in Hebrew, "additions," he explains of the addition made to the waters of Dimon by the streams of blood of the slain.
Isa 15:1-9.
第十五章與第十六章合成一篇關於摩押的預言。
LOWTH 認為本預言發於希西家在位最初幾年，應驗於第四年——那時撒縵以色在前往攻打以色列的途中，可能順勢攻取了摩押的堅固城。摩押大概曾與以色列、敘利亞結盟共抗亞述，因此招致亞述的報復。耶利米在本預言中多有引用，編入其
第四十八章。
1. Because——不如譯作「誠然」；字面作「（我斷言）」[MAURER]。
night——最適合敵軍突襲的時辰
(Isa 21:4; Jer 39:4).
Ar——希伯來文意為「城」；摩押的都城，位於亞嫩河以南。
Kir——字面作「堡壘」；離亞爾不遠，在其南方。
He——擬人化的摩押。
Bajith——不如譯作「往廟宇」[MAURER]；與
(Isa 16:12)
中類似語境下的「聖所」相對應。
to Dibon——不如譯作，由於底本位於亞嫩河以北的平原，「底本（上）到高處」——東方慣常的獻祭之地。與底們為同一城
(Isa 15:9).
to weep——為突如其來的災禍哀哭。
over Nebo——不如譯作「在尼波」（非「因」尼波）（比較
Isa 15:3)
[MAURER]. 尼波城鄰近尼波山，離死海北岸不遠。摩押的偶像基抹正是在那裡受敬拜（比較
De 34:1).
Medeba——希實本以南，位於約旦河東的一座山上。
baldness . . . beard cut off——東方人對鬍鬚格外尊崇。剃去鬍鬚是最大的哀慟與屈辱記號（比較
Jer 48:37).