1
Isa 47:1-15.
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Isa 47:1-15. THE DESTRUCTION OF BABYLON IS REPRESENTED UNDER THE IMAGE OF A ROYAL VIRGIN BROUGHT DOWN IN A MOMENT FROM HER MAGNIFICENT THRONE TO THE EXTREME OF DEGRADATION.
1. in the dust--(See on
Isa 3:26;
Job 2:13; La 2:10).
virgin--that is, heretofore uncaptured [HERODOTUS, 1.191].
daughter of Babylon--Babylon and its inhabitants (see on
Isa 1:8;
Isa 37:22).
no throne--The seat of empire was transferred to Shushan. Alexander intended to have made Babylon his seat of empire, but Providence defeated his design. He soon died; and Seleucia, being built near, robbed it of its inhabitants, and even of its name, which was applied to Seleucia.
delicate--alluding to the effeminate debauchery and prostitution of all classes at banquets and religious rites [CURTIUS, 5.1; HERODOTUS, 1.199; BARUCH, 6.43].
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2. millstones——如本地在水磨與風磨發明之前所用的手磨：一塊凸形石頭，用手使之在一塊為容納它而製的凹形石頭中轉動，穀物在二者之間磨碎：在東方這是女奴的工作；極其卑微
(Job 31:10; Mt 24:41).
uncover thy locks——不如譯作「揭去你的面帕」[HORSLEY]：也許也包括除去婦女額前所戴的辮髮；那也是一種遮蓋
(1Co 11:15);
除去它與面帕是女性最低賤的標記；在東方，頭部是婦女端莊之所在；婦女的面很少露出，整個頭幾乎從不以裸露示人（見
Isa 22:8).
make bare the leg——不如譯作「掀起（字面作『露出』；因掀起衣裙時腿便露出）你飄垂的衣襟」。在美索不達米亞，低階婦女在必要時撩起衣裳涉水渡河，或索性完全脫衣泅渡。「將你華美寬鬆的后袍，換為最卑賤的境況——如奴隸般在河中來回汲水」，&c.
uncover . . . thigh——撩起衣袍，以便涉水而過。
영문 원문
2. millstones--like the querns or hand-mills, found in this country, before the invention of water mills and windmills: a convex stone, made by the hand to turn in a concave stone, fitted to receive it, the corn being ground between them: the office of a female slave in the East; most degrading
(Job 31:10; Mt 24:41).
uncover thy locks--rather, "take off thy veil" [HORSLEY]: perhaps the removal of the plaited hair worn round the women's temples is included; it, too, is a covering
(1Co 11:15);
to remove it and the veil is the badge of the lowest female degradation; in the East the head is the seat of female modesty; the face of a woman is seldom, the whole head almost never, seen bare (see on
Isa 22:8).
make bare the leg--rather "lift up (literally, 'uncover'; as in lifting up the train the leg is uncovered) thy flowing train." In Mesopotamia, women of low rank, as occasion requires, wade across the rivers with stript legs, or else entirely put off their garments and swim across. "Exchange thy rich, loose, queenly robe, for the most abject condition, that of one going to and fro through rivers as a slave, to draw water," &c.
uncover . . . thigh--gather up the robe, so as to wade across.
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3. not meet . . . as a man——不如作「我不與人相遇」，即不容人向我代求——不給人進言的機會 [HORSLEY]。或作「在眾人盡被毀滅之前，我不與任何人議和」。字面作「與……擊掌結盟」；此說法源於立約時雙方擊掌的習俗 [MAURER]（見
Pr 17:18
的註解；
Pr 22:26; 11:15,
旁注）。或源於訂立條約時擊打祭牲的習俗。
영문 원문
3. not meet . . . as a man--rather, "I will not meet a man," that is, suffer man to intercede with me--give man an audience [HORSLEY]. Or, "I will not make peace with any man," before all are destroyed. Literally, "strike a league with"; a phrase arising from the custom of striking hands together in making a compact [MAURER], (see on
Pr 17:18;
Pr 22:26; 11:15,
Margin). Or else from striking the victims sacrificed in making treaties.
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4. As for——不如補入「我們的救贖主如此說」[MAURER]。LOWTH 認為本節是合唱插入的頌讚：「我們的救贖主！萬軍之耶和華」云云
(Jer 50:34).
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4. As for--rather supply, "Thus saith our Redeemer" [MAURER]. LOWTH supposes this verse to be the exclamation of a chorus breaking in with praises, "Our Redeemer! Jehovah of hosts," &c.
(Jer 50:34).
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5. Sit——悲哀的姿勢
(Ezr 9:4;
Job 2:13;
La 2:10).
darkness——悲哀與痛苦
(La 3:2;
Mic 7:8).
lady of kingdoms——世界的主母
(Isa 13:19).
영문 원문
5. Sit--the posture of mourning
(Ezr 9:4; Job 2:13; La 2:10).
darkness--mourning and misery
(La 3:2; Mic 7:8).
lady of kingdoms--mistress of the world
(Isa 13:19).
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6. 神向巴比倫報仇的理由：她在執行神對祂百姓的旨意時，以肆無忌憚的殘暴行事
(Isa 10:5,
等等;
Jer 50:17; 51:33;
Zec 1:15).
polluted my inheritance——
(Isa 43:28).
the ancient——連年老者也為迦勒底人所不顧，他們一視同仁地以殘酷待之
(La 4:16; 5:12)
[ROSENMULLER]. 或「古時的人」指以色列，在其歷史後期因災禍而衰殘
(Isa 46:4),
正如其歷史的早期被稱為「幼年」
(Isa 54:6;
Eze 16:60).
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6. reason for God's vengeance on Babylon: in executing God's will against His people, she had done so with wanton cruelty
(Isa 10:5, &c.; Jer 50:17; 51:33; Zec 1:15).
polluted my inheritance--
(Isa 43:28).
the ancient--Even old age was disregarded by the Chaldeans, who treated all alike with cruelty
(La 4:16; 5:12)
[ROSENMULLER]. Or, "the ancient" means Israel, worn out with calamities in the latter period of its history
(Isa 46:4),
as its earlier stage of history is called its "youth"
(Isa 54:6; Eze 16:60).
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7. so that——因你妄想自己將永遠為皇后，便傲慢到一個地步，以致不信「這些事」（即關乎你傾覆的事，
Isa 47:1-5）
可能發生。
end of it——即你傲慢的結局，這傲慢暗含在她「我必永為主母」的話語中。
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7. so that--Through thy vain expectation of being a queen for ever, thou didst advance to such a pitch of insolence as not to believe "these things" (namely, as to thy overthrow,
Isa 47:1-5)
possible.
end of it--namely, of thy insolence, implied in her words, "I shall be a lady for ever."
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8. given to pleasures——（見
Isa 47:1 註釋）。
沒有任何城市比那裡有更多激霒淫亂的誘惑。
I am . . . none . . . beside me——
(Isa 47:10)。
出於人口中的狂妄之語；唯獨適用於神
(Isa 45:6)。
見
Isa 5:8
後半。
widow . . . loss of children——一個國家被比作女性，當她傾覆時被稱為寡婦，因為她的王已不復存在；又稱為喪子，因為她沒有了居民；他們已被撥去為俘虜
(Isa 23:4; 54:1, 4, 5; Re 18:7, 8)。
영문 원문
8. given to pleasures--(See on
Isa 47:1).
In no city were there so many incentives to licentiousness.
I am . . . none . . . beside me--
(Isa 47:10).
Language of arrogance in man's mouth; fitting for God alone
(Isa 45:6).
See
Isa 5:8,
latter part.
widow . . . loss of children--A state, represented as a female, when it has fallen is called a widow, because its king is no more; and childless, because it has no inhabitants; they having been carried off as captives
(Isa 23:4; 54:1, 4, 5; Re 18:7, 8).
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9. in a moment——這城不應慢慢衰敗，而要突然且意外地被毀；古列在一夜之間便將其攻取。當巴比倫背叛大烏士時，這預言再次字面應驗；為能堅守到底，每個人選出家中一個婦人，將其餘的婦人勒死，以節省糧食。大烏士將三千名叛變者刺穿。
in . . . perfection——即「滿盈」。
for . . . for——宜作「雖……雖」；「儘管」〔LOWTH〕。 如「因為」
(Nu 14:11)。
巴比倫以「贖罪祭或獻祭，以及其他念咒，藉此試圖避禍得福」而聞名〔DIODORUS SICULUS〕。
영문 원문
9. in a moment--It should not decay slowly, but be suddenly and unexpectedly destroyed; in a single night it was taken by Cyrus. The prophecy was again literally fulfilled when Babylon revolted against Darius; and, in order to hold out to the last, each man chose one woman of his family, and strangled the rest, to save provisions. Darius impaled three thousand of the revolters.
in . . . perfection--that is, "in full measure."
for . . . for--rather, "notwithstanding the . . . notwithstanding"; "in spite of" [LOWTH]. So "for"
(Nu 14:11).
Babylon was famous for "expiations or sacrifices, and other incantations, whereby they tried to avert evil and obtain good" [DIODORUS SICULUS].
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10. wickedness——如
Isa 13:11，
指巴比倫對待其屬國的殘忍。
None seeth me——
(Ps 10:11; 94:7)。
「沒有人能向我追討刑罰。」罪人雖似隱密，並不安全。
Thy wisdom——占星術與政治的智慧
(Isa 19:11，
等等，關乎埃及）。
perverted——使你偏離那又正又安全的路。
영문 원문
10. wickedness--as in
Isa 13:11,
the cruelty with which Babylon treated its subject states.
None seeth me--
(Ps 10:11; 94:7).
"There is none to exact punishment from me." Sinners are not safe, though seeming secret.
Thy wisdom--astrological and political
(Isa 19:11,
&c., as to Egypt).
perverted--turns thee aside from the right and safe path.
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11. from whence it riseth——希伯來文作「其曙光」，即其初升。災禍要臨到你，沒有絲毫預先的暗示〔ROSENMULLER〕。 但dawn（曙光）不應用於「災禍」，而是應用於興盛在苦難之後發光
(Isa 21:12)。
譯作「你必不得看見（緩解的）曙光」〔MAURER〕。
put . . . off——宜作（旁註）「藉贖罪除去」；將是無盡的。
not know——不知不覺地：你不覺察的。證明你的占卜與占星術是虛假的
(Job 9:5; Ps 35:8)。
영문 원문
11. from whence it riseth--Hebrew, "the dawn thereof," that is, its first rising. Evil shall come on thee without the least previous intimation [ROSENMULLER]. But dawn is not applied to "evil," but to prosperity shining out after misery
(Isa 21:12).
Translate, "Thou shall not see any dawn" (of alleviation) [MAURER].
put . . . off--rather, as Margin, "remove by expiation"; it shall be never ending.
not know--unawares: which thou dost not apprehend. Proving the fallacy of thy divinations and astrology
(Job 9:5; Ps 35:8).
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12. Stand——出來：對巴比倫術士的譏誤挑戰，看他們能否保衛自己的城。
laboured——事奉魔鬼是勞苦卻徒然的事
(Isa 55:2)。
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12. Stand--forth: a scornful challenge to Babylon's magicians to show whether they can defend their city.
laboured--The devil's service is a laborious yet fruitless one
(Isa 55:2).
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13. 疲乏——（參
賽 57:10； 結 24:12）。
觀星象的——希伯來文作「劃分諸天者」；即觀察星宿會合與對衝之人。「天空配置的劃分者」〔HORSLEY〕。GESENIUS 解釋為：諸天的劃分者。在推算本命星時，他們觀察四個宮位：——上升宮，即人出生時升起的宮位；中天；與上升宮相對的西邊宮位；以及地下宮。
月月觀看天象的——在每月新月時聲稱能藉此預告將要發生之事的人。不宜如英文版本那樣連接：「救……脫離那些事」等；而應作「那些在新月之時，藉它們向你所要臨到之事宣告的人」〔MAURER〕。
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13. wearied--(compare
Isa 57:10; Eze 24:12).
astrologers--literally, those who form combinations of the heavens; who watch conjunctions and oppositions of the stars. "Casters of the configurations of the sky" [HORSLEY]. GESENIUS explains it: the dividers of the heavens. In casting a nativity they observed four signs:--the horoscope, or sign which arose at the time one was born; the mid-heaven; the sign opposite the horoscope towards the west; and the hypogee.
monthly prognosticators--those who at each new moon profess to tell thereby what is about to happen. Join, not as English Version, "save . . . from those things," &c.; but, "They that at new moons make known from (by means of) them the things that shall come upon thee" [MAURER].
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14.
（賽 29:6，30:30）。
沒有……火星——如碎秸般燒成死灰，不留一個火星或炭渣（參
賽 30:14），
他們必被如此徹底毀滅。
영문 원문
14.
(Isa 29:6; 30:30).
not . . . a coal--Like stubble, they shall burn to a dead ash, without leaving a live coal or cinder (compare
Isa 30:14),
so utterly shall they be destroyed.
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15. 這樣等——那些令你耗費如此多心血和金錢的占星者，其結局就是如此。
你從小所……貿易的——即你從最早的歷史以來所交往的人，為經商而僑居巴比倫的外邦人
（賽 13:14； 耶 51:6、9； 鴻 3:16、17）
〔BARNES〕。宜作占星者，巴比倫與之交往甚多
（賽 47:12-14）
〔HORSLEY〕。
各歸本位——希伯來文作「直行在他面前」
（結 1:9、12）。
外邦人，無論是占卜者還是商人，都必逃離巴比倫歸回本鄉
（耶 50:16）。
영문 원문
15. Thus, &c.--Such shall be the fate of those astrologers who cost thee such an amount of trouble and money.
thy merchants, from thy youth--that is, with whom thou hast trafficked from thy earliest history, the foreigners sojourning in Babylon for the sake of commerce
(Isa 13:14; Jer 51:6, 9; Na 3:16, 17)
[BARNES]. Rather, the astrologers, with whom Babylon had so many dealings
(Isa 47:12-14)
[HORSLEY].
to his quarter--literally, "straight before him"
(Eze 1:9, 12).
The foreigners, whether soothsayers or merchants, shall flee home out of Babylon
(Jer 50:16).
Isa 47:1-15.
巴比倫的毀滅以一位王室處女轉瞬間從華麗寶座跌落到極度屈辱的意象來描繪。
1. in the dust——（見
Isa 3:26;
Job 2:13; La 2:10).
virgin——即從前未曾被攻取 [HERODOTUS, 1.191]。
daughter of Babylon——巴比倫及其居民（見
Isa 1:8;
Isa 37:22).
no throne——帝國的寶座轉移到了書珊。亞歷山大本有意以巴比倫為帝都，但神的護理挫敗了他的計劃。他不久便去世；鄰近興建的塞琉西亞城奪走了它的居民，甚至奪走了它的名字——這名字被挪用於塞琉西亞。
delicate——暗指各階層在宴席與宗教儀式中的放蕩淫靡
[CURTIUS, 5.1; HERODOTUS, 1.199; BARUCH, 6.43].