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Isa 58:1-14.
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Isa 58:1-14.
REPROOF OF THE JEWS FOR THEIR DEPENDENCE ON MERE OUTWARD FORMS OF WORSHIP.
1. aloud--Hebrew, "with the throat," that is, with full voice, not merely from the lips
(1Sa 1:13).
Speak loud enough to arrest attention.
my people--the Jews in Isaiah's time, and again in the time of our Lord, more zealous for externals than for inward holiness. ROSENMULLER thinks the reference to be to the Jews in the captivity practising their rites to gain God's favor and a release; and that hence, sacrifices are not mentioned, but only fasting and Sabbath observance, which they could keep though far away from the temple in Jerusalem. The same also applies to their present dispersion, in which they cannot offer sacrifices, but can only show their zeal in fastings, &c. Compare as to our Lord's time,
Mt 6:16, 23; Lu 18:12.
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2. 在「道路」之後斷句；將「好像……的國民」&c. 與下文相連：「好像行義的國民」，對應「他們求我公理的判斷」（即作為他們當得的公義——對自己的拯救，對仇敵的毀滅）；而「不離棄他們神的典章」，對應「他們渴望神的親近」（即神親自親近，為他們並針對他們的仇敵施行那些「公理的判斷」）[MAURER]。JEROME 亦如此：「他們彷彿憑著無愧良心的把握，以聖徒的口吻要求公義的審判：耶和華啊，求你為我辨屈，因我行事純正。」照樣在
Mal 2:17,
他們佯裝對惡人逍遙法外感到震驚，並質疑神的公義 [HORSLEY]。因此，「天天尋求我，並渴望（英文譯本不太恰當地作『喜樂』）明白我的道路」，是指他們要求知道神為何遲遲不幫助他們。英文譯本給出了另一個雖不同卻恰當的意義：即消除一種錯覺——以為神會因外在的儀節而滿足，而律法的精意卻被違背、心也未改變
(Isa 58:3-14; Eze 33:31, 32;
比較
Joh 18:28),
一邊拘守規條、一邊行兇殺人。先知是律法的註釋者——視律法為其大憲章——詮釋其內在精意，而非僅僅字句。
영문 원문
2. Put the stop at "ways"; and connect "as a nation that," &c. with what follows; "As a nation that did righteousness," thus answers to, "they ask of Me just judgments" (that is, as a matter of justice due to them, salvation to themselves, and destruction to their enemies); and "forsook not the ordinance of their God," answers to "they desire the drawing near of God" (that God would draw near to exercise those "just judgments" in behalf of them, and against their enemies) [MAURER]. So JEROME, "In the confidence, as it were, of a good conscience, they demand a just judgment, in the language of the saints: Judge me, O Lord, for I have walked in mine integrity." So in
Mal 2:17,
they affect to be scandalized at the impunity of the wicked, and impugn God's justice [HORSLEY]. Thus, "seek Me daily, and desire (English Version not so well, 'delight') to know My ways," refers to their requiring to know why God delayed so long in helping them. English Version gives a good, though different sense; namely, dispelling the delusion that God would be satisfied with outward observances, while the spirit of the law, was violated and the heart unchanged
(Isa 58:3-14; Eze 33:31, 32;
compare
Joh 18:28),
scrupulosity side by side with murder. The prophets were the commentators on the law, as their Magna Charta, in its inward spirit and not the mere letter.
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3. Wherefore——這是猶大人的話：「我們禁食，祢為何不看見呢」（即不拯救我們）？他們想要用禁食將神置於對他們的義務之下
(Ps 73:13;
Mal 3:14).
afflicted . . . soul——
(Le 16:29).
Behold——神的回答。
pleasure——與他們自誇「刻苦己心」形成對比；其實他們不過是表面文章，內裏仍在享受自己。GESENIUS 譯作「事務」，不甚妥當。
exact . . . labours——不如作「欺壓的勞役」[MAURER]。HORSLEY 按武加大譯本譯作：「向你的債戶勒索全部」；即欠你勞力之人
(Ne 5:1-5, 8-10,
等等）。
영문 원문
3. Wherefore--the words of the Jews: "Why is it that, when we fast, Thou dost not notice it" (by delivering us)? They think to lay God under obligation to their fasting
(Ps 73:13; Mal 3:14).
afflicted . . . soul--
(Le 16:29).
Behold--God's reply.
pleasure--in antithesis to their boast of having "afflicted their soul"; it was only in outward show they really enjoyed themselves. GESENIUS not so well translates, "business."
exact . . . labours--rather, "oppressive labors" [MAURER]. HORSLEY, with Vulgate, translates, "Exact the whole upon your debtors"; those who owe you labor
(Ne 5:1-5, 8-10,
&c.).
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4. ye shall not fast——不如作「你們此時禁食，並不能使你們的聲音上達於高天」；你們禁食的目的是爭鬥，不是為了得神垂聽 [MAURER]
(1Ki 21:9, 12, 13).
按英文譯本，意思是：你們若願蒙神悅納，就不可像現在那樣，為了在爭鬧中使你們的聲音上達而禁食。
영문 원문
4. ye shall not fast--rather, "ye do not fast at this time, so as to make your voice to be heard on high," that is, in heaven; your aim in fasting is strife, not to gain the ear of God [MAURER]
(1Ki 21:9, 12, 13).
In English Version the sense is, If you wish acceptance with God, ye must not fast as ye now do, to make your voice heard high in strife.
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5. for a man to afflict his soul——禁食所感受到的痛苦不是當尋求的目的，彷彿有何功勞；它唯有在引導我們改正行為時才有價值
(Isa 58:6, 7).
bow . . . head . . . sackcloth——裝出外在的記號，以便「在人面前禁食」
(Mt 6:17, 18;
1Ki 21:27;
Es 4:3).
영문 원문
5. for a man to afflict his soul--The pain felt by abstinence is not the end to be sought, as if it were meritorious; it is of value only in so far as it leads us to amend our ways
(Isa 58:6, 7).
bow . . . head . . . sackcloth--to affect the outward tokens, so as to "appear to men to fast"
(Mt 6:17, 18; 1Ki 21:27; Es 4:3).
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6. loose . . . bands of wickedness——即解散一切不義地捆綁同胞的繩索
(Le 25:49,
等等）。奴役、欺詐的契約等。
undo . . . heavy burdens——希伯來文作「解開軛上的繩索」。
oppressed——字面作「破碎的」。「釋放」一語暗示所指為被奴役之軛壓「碎」的人
(Ne 5:10-12;
Jer 34:9-11, 14, 16).
JEROME 解釋為被貧窮壓碎；破產。
영문 원문
6. loose . . . bands of wickedness--that is, to dissolve every tie wherewith one has unjustly bound his fellow men
(Le 25:49,
&c.). Servitude, a fraudulent contract, &c.
undo . . . heavy burdens--Hebrew, "loose the bands of the yoke."
oppressed--literally, "the broken." The expression, "to let go free," implies that those "broken" with the yoke of slavery, are meant
(Ne 5:10-12; Jer 34:9-11, 14, 16).
JEROME interprets it, broken with poverty; bankrupt.
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7. deal——分給
(Job 31:16-21)。
cast out——宜作「淪落」〔HORSLEY〕。
naked . . . cover him——
(Mt 25:36)。
hide . . . thyself——意即對他們冷漠以待，在他們貧困時不予濟助
(Mt 15:5)。
flesh——骨肉之親
(Ge 29:14)。
也是同出於亞當的弟兄，以及在基督裡的弟兄
(Jas 2:15)。
영문 원문
7. deal--distribute
(Job 31:16-21).
cast out--rather, reduced [HORSLEY].
naked . . . cover him--
(Mt 25:36).
hide . . . thyself--means to be strange towards them, and not to relieve them in their poverty
(Mt 15:5).
flesh--kindred
(Ge 29:14).
Also brethren in common descent from Adam, and brethren in Christ
(Jas 2:15).
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8. light——興盛的象徵
(Isa 58:10; Job 11:17)。
health——字面意思是外科醫師用以治霒傷口的長繃帶（參
Isa 1:6）。
因此指從過去一切災禍中得著復原。
go before thee——你遵行神的約，猶如一位領路人，引導你進入平安與興盛。
glory . . . reward——如雲柱火柱一般，那是神「榮耀」的象徵，在以色列後面行走，將他們與追趕的埃及人隔開
(Isa 52:12; Ex 14:19, 20)。
영문 원문
8. light--emblem of prosperity
(Isa 58:10; Job 11:17).
health--literally, a long bandage, applied by surgeons to heal a wound (compare
Isa 1:6).
Hence restoration from all past calamities.
go before thee--Thy conformity to the divine covenant acts as a leader, conducting thee to peace and prosperity.
glory . . . reward--like the pillar of cloud and fire, the symbol of God's "glory," which went behind Israel, separating them from their Egyptian pursuers
(Isa 52:12; Ex 14:19, 20).
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9. Then . . . call . . . answer——當罪被棄絕之時
(Isa 65:24)。
當人不聽從主的呼召，祂也不聽我們的「呼求」
(Ps 66:18; Pr 1:24, 28; 15:29; 28:9)。
putting forth of . . . finger——譏誤的指頭指向心思單純的敬虔人。羅馬人使用中指如此行。
speaking vanity——一切傷人的言語〔LOWTH〕。
영문 원문
9. Then . . . call . . . answer--when sin is renounced
(Isa 65:24).
When the Lord's call is not hearkened to, He will not hear our "call"
(Ps 66:18; Pr 1:24, 28; 15:29; 28:9).
putting forth of . . . finger--the finger of scorn pointed at simple-minded godly men. The middle finger was so used by the Romans.
speaking vanity--every injurious speech [LOWTH].
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10. draw out thy soul——「分出你自己維生之物」，或「食物」〔HORSLEY〕。「靈魂」比喻「你用以維持靈魂」或「生命」的東西。
light . . . in obscurity——災難之後必有興盛忽然來到
(Ps 112:4)。
영문 원문
10. draw out thy soul--"impart of thine own subsistence," or "sustenance" [HORSLEY]. "Soul" is figurative for "that wherewith thou sustainest thy soul," or "life."
light . . . in obscurity--Calamities shall be suddenly succeeded by prosperity
(Ps 112:4).
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11. satisfy . . . in drought——
(Isa 41:17, 18)。
字面意思是「乾旱」，即焦渴之地〔MAURER〕。
make fat——宜作「堅固」〔NOYES〕。「使你的骨頭得以自由運用」〔JEROME〕，或「使你的力量」〔HORSLEY〕。
watered garden——東方式描繪幸福的圖畫。
fail not——希伯來文作「不欺騙」；如那些使商隊失望的溪流，他們本期望如從前那樣找到水，卻發現已乾涸
(Job 6:15-17)。
영문 원문
11. satisfy . . . in drought--
(Isa 41:17, 18).
Literally, "drought," that is, parched places [MAURER].
make fat--rather, "strengthen" [NOYES]. "Give thee the free use of thy bones" [JEROME], or, "of thy strength" [HORSLEY].
watered garden--an Oriental picture of happiness.
fail not--Hebrew, "deceive not"; as streams that disappoint the caravan which had expected to find water, as formerly, but find it dried up
(Job 6:15-17).
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12. they . . . of thee——你的百姓，以色列人。
old waste places——耶路撒冷古時的廢墟
(Isa 61:4; Eze 36:33-36)。
foundations of many generations——即那些傾覆連其根基都歷代荒廢的建築；在平行的經文
(Isa 61:4)
中稱為「從前荒廢之地」；而在此處前一子句中稱為「古時的荒場」。所指是以色列字面與屬靈的復興，這將在外邦世界中產生同樣蒙福的結果
(Am 9:11, 12; Ac 15:16, 17)。
be called——恰當地：這名字真實地指明你將要做的事。
breach——神因以色列的罪而加給他們的災禍
(Isa 30:26; 1Ch 15:13)。
paths to dwell in——不是路徑要被人居住，而是通往他們住所的路徑要被修復；「修築路徑，以致可以住在那地」〔MAURER〕。
영문 원문
12. they . . . of thee--thy people, the Israelites.
old waste places--the old ruins of Jerusalem
(Isa 61:4; Eze 36:33-36).
foundations of many generations--that is, the buildings which had lain in ruins, even to their foundations, for many ages; called in the parallel passage
(Isa 61:4),
"the former desolations"; and in the preceding clause here, "the old waste places." The literal and spiritual restoration of Israel is meant, which shall produce like blessed results on the Gentile world
(Am 9:11, 12; Ac 15:16, 17).
be called--appropriately: the name truly designating what thou shalt do.
breach--the calamity wherewith God visited Israel for their sin
(Isa 30:26; 1Ch 15:13).
paths to dwell in--not that the paths were to be dwelt in, but the paths leading to their dwellings were to be restored; "paths, so as to dwell in the land" [MAURER].
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13.
（賽 56:2； 尼 13:15-22）。
安息日即使在新約時代也仍具約束力
（賽 66:23）。
腳——行動的工具（參
箴 4:27）；
人在安息日不可為純粹娛樂而旅行
（徒 1:12）。
猶太人在安息日被禁止行至會幕或聖殿以外的地方。你若使你的腳不去走自己的道路、「隨自己的私意」
（出 20:10、11）。
我聖日——神稱之為祂的日子；以之為樂便是奪取祂的分。這正是安息日最常被干犯的方式——它被淪為肉體享樂之日，而非屬靈的「喜樂」之日。
耶和華的聖日——並非述語，而是主語；即「你若稱耶和華的聖（日）為可尊敬的」；你若將它視為當受尊崇的日子。
他——或作它，指安息日。
不隨自己的私意——對應「你當掉轉你的腳，遠離安息日」。
不辦自己的私事——對應「隨自己的私意」。「以閒散的方式守安息日，是牛驢的安息日；以歡宴的方式度過，是金牛犢的安息日，那時百姓坐下吃喝，起來玩耍；以放縱無度的方式守安息日，是撒但的安息日，魔鬼的節日」 〔ANDREWES 主教〕。
不說私話——對應「稱安息日為喜樂……可尊敬的」。人的「自己的話」會「稱」之為「煩瑣」；唯有從上頭賜下的屬靈性情才會「稱之為喜樂」
（摩 8:5； 瑪 1:13）。
영문 원문
13.
(Isa 56:2; Ne 13:15-22).
The Sabbath, even under the new dispensation, was to be obligatory
(Isa 66:23).
foot--the instrument of motion (compare
Pr 4:27);
men are not to travel for mere pleasure on the Sabbath
(Ac 1:12).
The Jews were forbidden to travel on it farther than the tabernacle or temple. If thou keep thy foot from going on thy own ways and "doing thy pleasure," &c.
(Ex 20:10, 11).
my holy day--God claims it as His day; to take it for our pleasure is to rob Him of His own. This is the very way in which the Sabbath is mostly broken; it is made a day of carnal pleasure instead of spiritual "delight."
holy of the Lord--not the predicate, but the subject; "if thou call the holy (day) of Jehovah honorable"; if thou treat it as a day to be honored.
him--or else, it, the Sabbath.
not doing . . . own way--answering to, "turn away thy foot from the Sabbath."
nor finding . . . pleasure--answering to, "doing thy pleasure." "To keep the Sabbath in an idle manner is the sabbath of oxen and asses; to pass it in a jovial manner is the sabbath of the golden calf, when the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose again to play; to keep it in surfeiting and wantonness is the sabbath of Satan, the devil's holiday" [BISHOP ANDREWES].
nor speaking . . . words--answering to, "call Sabbath a delight . . . honorable." Man's "own words" would "call" it a "weariness"; it is the spiritual nature given from above which "calls it a delight"
(Am 8:5; Mal 1:13).
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14. 以……耶和華為樂——神以同樣的方式報償，正如祂以同樣的方式刑罰。我們若以「守神的安息日」為「樂」，神便使我們在祂自己裏面得「樂」
（創 15:1； 伯 22:21-26； 詩 37:4）。
乘駕地的高處——我要使你作那地的至高主宰；這措辭取自征服者駕御戰車、佔據一國山岡堡壘的意象〔VITRINGA〕
（申 32:13； 彌 1:3； 哈 3:19）。
猶太地是多山之地；因此含義是「我必將你恢復到你自己的地」〔CALVIN〕。平行詞「雅各的產業」證實了這一點
（創 27:28、29，28:13-15）。
耶和華的口……已說——確保人確信神所立任何嚴肅應許必將應驗的格式語
（賽 40:5）。
영문 원문
14. delight . . . in . . . Lord--God rewards in kind, as He punishes in kind. As we "delight" in keeping God's "Sabbath," so God will give us "delight" in Himself
(Ge 15:1; Job 22:21-26; Ps 37:4).
ride upon . . . high places--I will make thee supreme lord of the land; the phrase is taken from a conqueror riding in his chariot, and occupying the hills and fastnesses of a country [VITRINGA],
(De 32:13; Mic 1:3; Hab 3:19).
Judea was a land of hills; the idea thus is, "I will restore thee to thine own land" [CALVIN]. The parallel words, "heritage of Jacob," confirm this
(Ge 27:28, 29; 28:13-15).
mouth of . . . Lord . . . spoken it--a formula to assure men of the fulfilment of any solemn promise which God has made
(Isa 40:5).
Isa 58:1-14.
責備猶太人僅僅倚賴外在的敬拜形式。
1. aloud——希伯來文作「用喉嚨」，即用全力發聲，不僅僅是嘴唇的動作
(1Sa 1:13).
當大聲疾呼，足以引人注意。
my people——以賽亞時代的猶太人，以及我們主時代的猶太人，更熱衷於外在儀節而非內在的聖潔。ROSENMULLER 認為所指為被擄中的猶太人，他們履行禮儀以求蒙神悅納並獲釋放；因此其中不提祭物，只提禁食與守安息日——這些他們即使遠離耶路撒冷聖殿也能遵守。這同樣適用於他們目前的分散——在其中他們不能獻祭物，只能以禁食等表現其熱心。關於我們主的時代，可比照
Mt 6:16, 23; Lu 18:12.