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Le 1:1-17.
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Le 1:1-17.
BURNT OFFERINGS OF THE HERD.
1. the Lord . . . spake . . . out of the tabernacle--The laws that are contained in the previous record were delivered either to the people publicly from Sinai, or to Moses privately, on the summit of that mountain; but on the completion of the tabernacle, the remainder of the law was announced to the Hebrew leader by an audible voice from the divine glory, which surmounted the mercy seat.
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2. 你曉諭以色列人，對他們說——若所傳達的是屬世事務，便不包含利未人；但若屬屬靈之事，則所有支派都包括在這名字之內
(De 27:12)。
你們中間若有人獻供物給耶和華——此處所給的指示，只關乎自願或樂意的供獻——就是在那些固定而普遍有義務、不能免去或以別種祭代替的供獻之外，額外獻上的
(Ex 29:38; Le 23:37; Nu 28:3, 11-27, 等)。
要從牛群羊群獻牲畜為供物等——就是那些不僅馴良、無害、溫和，而且有用、可作食物的動物。這條規則排除了馬、狗、豬、駱駝和驢——這些是某些異教國家所獻的——以及一切食肉之走獸與飛鳥，也包括兔和鹿。
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2. Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them--If the subject of communication were of a temporal nature, the Levites were excluded; but if it were a spiritual matter, all the tribes were comprehended under this name
(De 27:12).
If any man of you bring an offering unto the Lord--The directions given here relate solely to voluntary or freewill offerings--those rendered over and above such, as being of standing and universal obligation, could not be dispensed with or commuted for any other kind of offering
(Ex 29:38; Le 23:37; Nu 28:3, 11-27,
&c.).
bring your offering of the cattle, &c.--that is, those animals that were not only tame, innocent and gentle, but useful and adapted for food. This rule excluded horses, dogs, swine, camels, and asses, which were used in sacrifice by some heathen nations, beasts and birds of prey, as also hares and deers.
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3. 燔祭——如此稱呼，因它全然在壇上焚燒；祭司或獻祭者都不可吃其中任何部分。它的設計是要平息因原罪或某些過犯而惹動的神怒；其完全的焚燒表明獻祭者的自我奉獻——他的全人——他的身體與靈魂——這是構成神所喜悅之祭所必需的
(Ro 12:1; Php 1:20)。
這是最古老也是最顯著的獻祭方式。
沒有殘疾的公——任何有畸形或缺陷的牲畜都不許獻上。在埃及人中，祭司會進行仔細的檢查；公牛既被宣佈為完全，便用蠟將證明書繫在它的角上，並用他的印記封上，別的不可替代。以色列的祭司似乎也採用了類似的檢查祭牲狀況的程序
(Joh 6:27)。
在會幕門口——那裡立著燔祭壇
(Ex 40:6)。
任何別的地方都被禁止，違者受最重的刑罰
(Le 17:4)。
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3. a burnt sacrifice--so called from its being wholly consumed on the altar; no part of it was eaten either by the priests or the offerer. It was designed to propitiate the anger of God incurred by original sin, or by particular transgressions; and its entire combustion indicated the self-dedication of the offerer--his whole nature--his body and soul--as necessary to form a sacrifice acceptable to God
(Ro 12:1; Php 1:20).
This was the most ancient as well as the most conspicuous mode of sacrifice.
a male without blemish--No animal was allowed to be offered that had any deformity or defect. Among the Egyptians, a minute inspection was made by the priest; and the bullock having been declared perfect, a certificate to that effect being fastened to its horns with wax, was sealed with his ring, and no other might be substituted. A similar process of examining the condition of the beasts brought as offerings, seems to have been adopted by the priests in Israel
(Joh 6:27).
at the door of the tabernacle--where stood the altar of burnt offering
(Ex 40:6).
Every other place was forbidden, under the highest penalty
(Le 17:4).
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4. 按手在燔祭牲的頭上——這是一個富有意義的舉動，不僅表明獻祭者將牲畜歸獻給神，也表明他承認自己有罪，並祈求他的罪與刑罰可以轉移到祭牲身上。
就——更當作「使它可蒙悅納，作為贖罪」。
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4. shall put his hand upon the head--This was a significant act which implied not only that the offerer devoted the animal to God, but that he confessed his consciousness of sin and prayed that his guilt and its punishment might be transferred to the victim.
and it shall be--rather, "that it may be an acceptable atonement."
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5. 他要在耶和華面前宰公牛——牲畜應由獻祭者宰殺，而非祭司，因在自願獻祭的情況下，宰殺並非祭司的職責；然而到了後來，這職務多半由利未人擔任。
在耶和華面前——就在按手在牲畜頭上的那個地方，即壇的北邊。
灑血——這要由祭司來作。血既被視為生命，流出血便是獻祭的核心部分；而灑血——即應用贖罪——使獻祭者本人與他的事奉蒙神悅納。剝去皮之後，將屍體切塊，各部分便以最方便被火燒盡的方式擺在壇上。
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5. he shall kill the bullock--The animal should be killed by the offerer, not by the priest, for it was not his duty in case of voluntary sacrifices; in later times, however, the office was generally performed by Levites.
before the Lord--on the spot where the hands had been laid upon the animal's head, on the north side of the altar.
sprinkle the blood--This was to be done by the priests. The blood being considered the life, the effusion of it was the essential part of the sacrifice; and the sprinkling of it--the application of the atonement--made the person and services of the offerer acceptable to God. The skin having been stripped off, and the carcass cut up, the various pieces were disposed on the altar in the manner best calculated to facilitate their being consumed by the fire.
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8. 脂油——特別指腎旁的脂油，稱為「板油」。
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8. the fat--that about the kidneys especially, which is called "suet."
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9. 但他的臟腑和腿要用水洗等——這部分禮儀象徵蒙悅納之敬拜者當有的內在純潔和聖潔的行事。
獻給耶和華為馨香的火祭——這表明獻祭者的敬虔，尤其作為基督之祭牲預表。
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9. but his inwards and his legs shall he wash in water, &c.--This part of the ceremony was symbolical of the inward purity, and the holy walk, that became acceptable worshippers.
a sweet savour unto the Lord--is an expression of the offerer's piety, but especially as a sacrificial type of Christ.
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10-13. 若他的供物是從羊群中——負擔不起公牛的人，可獻一隻公綿羊或公山羊，獻祭的儀式也要同樣遵守。
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10-13. if his offering be of the flocks--Those who could not afford the expense of a bullock might offer a ram or a he-goat, and the same ceremonies were to be observed in the act of offering.
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14-17. 燔祭牲……若是鳥類——鴿的溫和性情與潔淨習性使其被選中，而一切別的鳥類都被排除，或因其性情兇猛，或因其口味粗鄙；在這種情況下，因動物小而無多餘的血可流，祭司受指示要在壇旁預備它，並灑血。這是為窮人所定的祭。鳥類總是一對一對地獻，摩西之所以吩咐兩隻斑鳩或兩隻雛鴿，不僅是為了獻祭者的方便，更是按照何者當令；因為鴿有時很硬、不宜食用，那時斑鳩在埃及和巴勒斯坦卻很好。斑鳩不限定年齡，因為它們在那些國家出現時總是好的，是候鳥；但鴿的年齡則特別標明，免得在被人拒絕之時獻給神[HARMER]。顯然，從這些自願祭的浮動等級來看，所看重的乃是獻祭者內心的態度——而非他祭物的昂貴。
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14-17. if the burnt sacrifice . . . be of fowls--The gentle nature and cleanly habits of the dove led to its selection, while all other fowls were rejected, either for the fierceness of their disposition or the grossness of their taste; and in this case, there being from the smallness of the animal no blood for waste, the priest was directed to prepare it at the altar and sprinkle the blood. This was the offering appointed for the poor. The fowls were always offered in pairs, and the reason why Moses ordered two turtledoves or two young pigeons, was not merely to suit the convenience of the offerer, but according as the latter was in season; for pigeons are sometimes quite hard and unfit for eating, at which time turtledoves are very good in Egypt and Palestine. The turtledoves are not restricted to any age because they are always good when they appear in those countries, being birds of passage; but the age of the pigeons is particularly marked that they might not be offered to God at times when they are rejected by men [HARMER]. It is obvious, from the varying scale of these voluntary sacrifices, that the disposition of the offerer was the thing looked to--not the costliness of his offering.
Le 1:1-17.
燔祭——牛群
1. 耶和華……從會幕中……曉諭——前書所載的律法，或是在西奈山公開頒佈給百姓，或是在那山頂上私下曉諭摩西；但在會幕建成之後，其餘的律法便藉著從施恩座上所彰顯之神性榮耀中發出的可聽之聲，傳與希伯來人的領袖。