1
Le 23:1-4.
繁體中文
영문 원문
Le 23:1-4.
OF SUNDRY FEASTS.
2
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2. 你曉諭以色列人說……耶和華的節期——字面作「聚集的時候，或節期」
(Isa 33:20)；
這是更可取的譯法，適用於本章所述一切神聖的節期，甚至贖罪日——那是以禁食來遵守的。這些節期乃由神直接的權威所設立，並以公開宣告來公佈，這宣告被稱為「歡呼的聲音」
(Ps 89:15)。
這些「聖會」是神聖智慧的明證，對維持與傳揚宗教知識與敬虔，極有助益。
영문 원문
2. Speak unto the children of Israel, . . . concerning the feasts of the Lord--literally, "the times of assembling, or solemnities"
(Isa 33:20);
and this is a preferable rendering, applicable to all sacred seasons mentioned in this chapter, even the day of atonement, which was observed as a fast. They were appointed by the direct authority of God and announced by a public proclamation, which is called "the joyful sound"
(Ps 89:15).
Those "holy convocations" were evidences of divine wisdom, and eminently subservient to the maintenance and diffusion of religious knowledge and piety.
3
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繁體中文
3. 六日要作工，但第七日是安息日——（參
Ex 20:8 的註釋）。
安息日居先，它是一個「聖會」，由各家族「在自己的住處」遵守；在可行的情況下，百姓到會幕門口聚集；在後來的時期，則在先知學校和會堂中聚集。
영문 원문
3. Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest--(See on
Ex 20:8).
The Sabbath has the precedence given to it, and it was to be "a holy convocation," observed by families "in their dwellings"; where practicable, by the people repairing to the door of the tabernacle; at later periods, by meeting in the schools of the prophets, and in synagogues.
4
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4. 這是耶和華的節期，就是你們到了日期要宣告的——這些節期在相當於我們三、五、九月的那幾個時段舉行。將它們定在那幾個時期，顯明了神聖的智慧：在冬天，白晝短、道路泥濘，長途旅行不可行；而在夏天，收割和葡萄收成使人在田間忙碌。再者，選擇這些時節的另一個原因，可能是要抵消埃及的聯想和習慣的影響。神為以色列人在九月所定的神聖節期，比埃及人為他們的偶像所定的還多。然而這些制度多半是前瞻性的，其遵守在以色列人曠野飄流期間並無約束力，而正式的慶祝要等到他們在迦南定居之後才開始。
영문 원문
4. These are the feasts of the Lord, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons--Their observance took place in the parts of the year corresponding to our March, May, and September. Divine wisdom was manifested in fixing them at those periods; in winter, when the days were short and the roads broken up, a long journey was impracticable; while in summer the harvest and vintage gave busy employment in the fields. Besides, another reason for the choice of those seasons probably was to counteract the influence of Egyptian associations and habits. And God appointed more sacred festivals for the Israelites in the month of September than the people of Egypt had in honor of their idols. These institutions, however, were for the most part prospective, the observance being not binding on the Israelites during their wanderings in the wilderness, while the regular celebration was not to commence till their settlement in Canaan.
5
Le 23:5-8.
繁體中文
Le 23:5-8.
逾越節
5. 耶和華的逾越節——（參
Ex 12:2, 14, 18）。
設立逾越節，是要作為以色列人蒙救贖之環境的永久記念，同時預表那為神屬靈子民所成就的更大救贖。在這節期的頭一日和末一日，百姓禁止作工
[Le 23:7, 8]；
但在安息日他們不可作任何工，在節期則可預備食物——因此禁令僅限於「無勞碌的工」。同時這兩天要用以舉行「聖會」——即公眾敬拜的特殊時刻。除了每日的常獻之祭外，壇上還要獻「火祭」（參
Nu 28:19），
而家家戶戶要在這七天中吃無酵餅（參
1Co 5:8）。
영문 원문
Le 23:5-8.
THE PASSOVER.
5. the Lord's passover--(See
Ex 12:2, 14, 18).
The institution of the passover was intended to be a perpetual memorial of the circumstances attending the redemption of the Israelites, while it had a typical reference to a greater redemption to be effected for God's spiritual people. On the first and last days of this feast, the people were forbidden to work
[Le 23:7, 8];
but while on the Sabbath they were not to do any work, on feast days they were permitted to dress meat--and hence the prohibition is restricted to "no servile work." At the same time, those two days were devoted to "holy convocation"--special seasons of social devotion. In addition to the ordinary sacrifices of every day, there were to be "offerings by fire" on the altar (see
Nu 28:19),
while unleavened bread was to be eaten in families all the seven days (see
1Co 5:8).
9
Le 23:9-14.
繁體中文
Le 23:9-14.
初熟的禾捆
영문 원문
Le 23:9-14.
THE SHEAF OF FIRST FRUITS.
10
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10. 你們要將收割的初熟禾捆帶給祭司——一捆，字面作一俄梅珥，是大麥初熟之果。大麥比其他穀物早熟，其收割構成普遍收割季節的開始。本段所描述的祭是在正月十六日獻上，即逾越節頭一個安息日（十五日）的次日（相當於我們四月之初）；但這捆是在前一日的日落之後，由受委派的人帶著鐮刀從不同田地取得樣本而割下的。這些樣本紮成一捆或鬆束，被帶到聖殿的院中，在那裡穀物被揚淨、烘乾、在臼中搗碎。然後撒上一些乳香，祭司便在耶和華面前向四個方向將禾捆搖一搖，取其中一部分投入壇的火中——其餘的全歸他自己。這是一個適切而美好的舉動，表明對自然與護理之神的倚靠——在各國中常見，但對以色列人尤為合宜，因他們的地和其中一切的出產都是出於神的厚恩。搖祭禾捆的獻上使全季的收割都成為聖
(Ro 11:16)。
同時，這節期具有預表的性質，預示基督的復活
(1Co 15:20)，
他正是在獻初熟之果的那日從死裡復活的。
영문 원문
10. ye shall bring a sheaf of the first-fruits of your harvest unto the priest--A sheaf, literally, an omer, of the first-fruits of the barley harvest. The barley being sooner ripe than the other grains, the reaping of it formed the commencement of the general harvest season. The offering described in this passage was made on the sixteenth of the first month, the day following the first Passover Sabbath, which was on the fifteenth (corresponding to the beginning of our April); but it was reaped after sunset on the previous evening by persons deputed to go with sickles and obtain samples from different fields. These, being laid together in a sheaf or loose bundle, were brought to the court of the temple, where the grain was winnowed, parched, and bruised in a mortar. Then, after some incense had been sprinkled on it, the priest waved the sheaf aloft before the Lord towards the four different points of the compass, took a part of it and threw it into the fire of the altar--all the rest being reserved to himself. It was a proper and beautiful act, expressive of dependence on the God of nature and providence--common among all people, but more especially becoming the Israelites, who owed their land itself as well as all it produced to the divine bounty. The offering of the wave-sheaf sanctified the whole harvest
(Ro 11:16).
At the same time, this feast had a typical character, and pre-intimated the resurrection of Christ
(1Co 15:20),
who rose from the dead on the very day the first-fruits were offered.
15
Le 23:15-22.
繁體中文
Le 23:15-22.
五旬節
15. 你們要從安息日的次日——即從逾越節頭一日（那天當作安息日守）的次日起計算。
영문 원문
Le 23:15-22.
FEAST OF PENTECOST.
15. ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath--that is, after the first day of the passover week, which was observed as a Sabbath.
16
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16. 數到第五十天——獻初熟之果後第四十九天，或連同初熟之果算在內的第五十天，便是五旬節。（亦見
Ex 23:16; De 16:9）。
영문 원문
16. number fifty days--The forty-ninth day after the presentation of the first-fruits, or the fiftieth, including it, was the feast of Pentecost. (See also
Ex 23:16; De 16:9).
17
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17. 要從你們的住處取出細麵伊法十分之二，烤成兩個搖祭的餅等——這些餅用「細」麥麵製成，其中所含的份量稍多於十磅。搖禾捆宣告收割的開始，兩個餅則莊嚴地標示收割季節的終結。它們是那季節的初熟之果，由祭司代表全國獻給耶和華。（參
Ex 34:22）。
逾越節所用的餅是無酵的；五旬節所獻的餅是有酵的——這差別如此解釋：前者記念他們啟程時匆忙預備的餅，後者則為日常食物（是有酵的）向神獻上感恩。
영문 원문
17. Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals, &c.--These loaves were made of "fine" or wheaten flour, the quantity contained in them being somewhat more than ten pounds in weight. As the wave-sheaf gave the signal for the commencement, the two loaves solemnized the termination of the harvest season. They were the first-fruits of that season, being offered unto the Lord by the priest in name of the whole nation. (See
Ex 34:22).
The loaves used at the Passover were unleavened; those presented at Pentecost were leavened--a difference which is thus accounted for, that the one was a memorial of the bread hastily prepared at their departure, while the other was a tribute of gratitude to God for their daily food, which was leavened.
21
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21. 當這日，你們要宣告當有聖會：甚麼勞碌的工都不可作——雖然節期延續一週，但只有頭一日被當作安息日守，既是為國家獻初熟之果，也是為記念律法的頒賜。
영문 원문
21. ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein--Though it extended over a week, the first day only was held as a Sabbath, both for the national offering of first-fruits and a memorial of the giving of the law.
22
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22. 你收割的時候，不可割盡田角等——（參
Le 19:9 的註釋）。
在此重複這條律法，可能是因為祭司在獻初熟之果時提醒百姓，當將對神的敬虔與對窮人的慈憐結合起來。
영문 원문
22. thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, &c.--(See on
Le 19:9).
The repetition of this law here probably arose from the priests reminding the people, at the presentation of the first-fruits, to unite piety to God with charity to the poor.
23
Le 23:23-25.
繁體中文
Le 23:23-25.
吹角節
영문 원문
Le 23:23-25.
FEAST OF TRUMPETS.
24
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繁體中文
24. 七月初一日，你們要守為安息日——那是古民事曆新年的頭一日。
當作記念吹角的日子——猶太作者說號角要連續吹三十次，設立這節期的原因有雙重目的：一是宣佈新年的開始，新年
(Le 23:25)
要敬虔地遵守（見
Nu 29:3），
二是為即將來臨的莊嚴節期預備百姓。
영문 원문
24. In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath--That was the first day of the ancient civil year.
a memorial of blowing of trumpets--Jewish writers say that the trumpets were sounded thirty successive times, and the reason for the institution was for the double purpose of announcing the commencement of the new year, which was
(Le 23:25)
to be religiously observed (see
Nu 29:3),
and of preparing the people for the approaching solemn feast.
27
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27-32. 要有贖罪日……你們要刻苦己心——一個不尋常的節期，在這日全年的罪都得以贖償。（參
Le 16:29-34）。
此處只說明，干犯這日的人必受最嚴厲的刑罰。
영문 원문
27-32. there shall be a day of atonement . . . and ye shall afflict your souls--an unusual festival, at which the sins of the whole year were expiated. (See
Le 16:29-34).
It is here only stated that the severest penalty was incurred by the violation of this day.
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34-44. 向耶和華守棚節七日——這節期是為了感恩記念以色列人在曠野安然住在棚中或帳幕中而設立的，是三大年度節期中的第三個，與其他兩個一樣，為期一週。它在當月十五日開始，相當於我們九月底十月初，當日守為安息日；它只能在聖所之處慶祝，節期持續期間每日在壇上獻祭。猶太人受命在整個節期內住在棚中，這些棚搭在房屋的平頂上、街道或田間；所用的樹木，有人說是香櫞、棕樹、番石榴和柳樹，另有人則認為百姓可用任何他們能得到的、以青翠和芬芳著稱的樹木。堅實的枝條保留用來搭棚，較輕的枝條則由人拿著，他們列隊遊行，唱著詩篇，呼喊「和散那！」——意為「主啊，求你拯救！」
(Ps 118:15, 25, 26)。
這是大喜樂的季節。但從池中打水的儀式——在最後一日舉行——看來是後來時期才引入的
(Joh 7:37)。
那最後一日是第八日，因在西羅亞的情景而被稱為「節期的末日，就是最大之日」。收藏節——葡萄收成之後——也在那日慶祝
[Ex 23:16; 34:22]，
作為大節期的結束，它被守為安息日。
영문 원문
34-44. the feast of tabernacles, for seven days unto the Lord--This festival, which was instituted in grateful commemoration of the Israelites having securely dwelt in booths or tabernacles in the wilderness, was the third of the three great annual festivals, and, like the other two, it lasted a week. It began on the fifteenth day of the month, corresponding to the end of our September and beginning of October, which was observed as a Sabbath; and it could be celebrated only at the place of the sanctuary, offerings being made on the altar every day of its continuance. The Jews were commanded during the whole period of the festival to dwell in booths, which were erected on the flat roofs of houses, in the streets or fields; and the trees made use of are by some stated to be the citron, the palm, the myrtle, and the willow, while others maintain the people were allowed to take any trees they could obtain that were distinguished for verdure and fragrance. While the solid branches were reserved for the construction of the booths, the lighter branches were carried by men, who marched in triumphal procession, singing psalms and crying "Hosanna!" which signifies, "Save, we beseech thee!"
(Ps 118:15, 25, 26).
It was a season of great rejoicing. But the ceremony of drawing water from the pool, which was done on the last day, seems to have been the introduction of a later period
(Joh 7:37).
That last day was the eighth, and, on account of the scene at Siloam, was called "the great day of the feast." The feast of ingathering, when the vintage was over, was celebrated also on that day
[Ex 23:16; 34:22],
and, as the conclusion of one of the great festivals, it was kept as a sabbath.
Le 23:1-4.
論各樣節期