1
Nu 2:1-34.
영문 원문
Nu 2:1-34.
THE ORDER OF THE TRIBES IN THEIR TENTS.
2
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2. おのおの……おのおの自分の旗に従って、父の家の旗じるしのもとに陣を敷く――旗は、大群衆の移動を指揮するための、ある認められた形の目に見えるしるしであった。イスラエル人は「おのおの自分の旗に従って、父の家の旗じるしのもとに陣を敷く」よう命じられたため、この指示は彼らが三種類の旗を持っていたことを示唆すると考えられてきた。(1) 民の十二の大きな氏族の集合点として機能した大いなる部族の旗。(2) 細分化された部分の旗。(3) 家族、すなわち家の旗。後者は絶対に必要であったはずである。一つの部族に一つの旗じるししかなければ、これほど大群の端には見えなかったであろう。それらの形、素材、色、意匠については信頼できる情報はない。しかしエジプトのものに似ていたが、偶像礼拝の象徴を取り除いたものであろうと推測される。それらは准确性の羽やショールなどで作られた傘あるいは扇形のもので、長い棒の先に上げられ、聖なる中央のもののように車に載せられるか、人の肩に担がれた。また他のものは、東方の巡礼者が夜に棒に設けるいかり火のようなものであったかもしれない。ユダヤの著述家たちは、ヘブル部族の旗はヤコブの預言的な祝福から借用された象徴であったと言う。ユダは雄ひつ、ベニヤミンは狼など
[Ge 49:3-24]。
そして旗じるしや旗は色によって区別された。各部族の色は大祭司の胸当てでその部族を表す宝石の色と同じであった
[Ex 28:17-21]。
会見の幕屋の周り、遠く離れて陣を敷く――すなわち「向かい合って」、敬意を払う距離で。各部族の位置が順次具体的に記述されているのは、行軍の順序と宿営の配置の両方において、それぞれに特定の部分が割り当てられていたからである。
영문 원문
2. Every man . . . shall pitch by his own standard, with the ensign of their father's house--Standards were visible signs of a certain recognized form for directing the movements of large bodies of people. As the Israelites were commanded to encamp "each by his own standard, with the ensign of their father's house," the direction has been considered as implying that they possessed three varieties: (1) the great tribal standards, which served as rallying points for the twelve large clans of the people; (2) the standards of the subdivided portions; and, (3) those of families or houses. The latter must have been absolutely necessary, as one ensign only for a tribe would not have been visible at the extremities of so large a body. We possess no authentic information as to their forms, material, colors, and devices. But it is probable that they might bear some resemblance to those of Egypt, only stripped of any idolatrous symbols. These were of an umbrella or a fanlike form, made of ostrich feathers, shawls, &c., lifted on the points of long poles, which were borne, either like the sacred central one, on a car, or on men's shoulders, while others might be like the beacon lights which are set on poles by Eastern pilgrims at night. Jewish writers say that the standards of the Hebrew tribes were symbols borrowed from the prophetic blessing of Jacob--Judah's being a lion, Benjamin's a wolf, &c.
[Ge 49:3-24];
and that the ensigns or banners were distinguished by their colors--the colors of each tribe being the same as that of the precious stone representing that tribe in the breastplate of the high priest
[Ex 28:17-21].
far off about the tabernacle of the congregation shall they pitch--that is, "over against," at a reverential distance. The place of every tribe is successively and specifically described because each had a certain part assigned both in the order of march and the disposition of the encampment.
3
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3. 日の上る側、東側にユダの陣営の旗に属する者たちがおのおのの軍勢にしたがって陣を敷く――ユダはその旗の下に結集する三部族からなる陣営の先頭に置かれた。大祭司の胸当ての結合された色を持つが、ユダの名で呼ばれたと言われる。彼らは東側を占め、行軍の先導を任じられた。行軍の大部分は東方向であった。
ナフション――あるいはナアソン
(Mt 1:4; Lu 3:32, 33)。
隊長――調査を監督するために召された十二人が同時にそれぞれの部族の隊長に任じられたことが分かる。これはおそらく以前に言及した、彼らが頭すなわち「つかさ」の世襲の職を保持していた事情による。
영문 원문
3. on the east side toward the rising of the sun shall they of the standard of the camp of Judah pitch throughout their armies--Judah, placed at the head of a camp composed of three tribes rallying under its standard, was said to have combined the united colors in the high priest's breastplate, but called by the name of Judah. They were appointed to occupy the east side and to take the lead in the march, which, for the most part, was in an easterly direction.
Nahshon--or Naasson
(Mt 1:4; Lu 3:32, 33).
shall be captain--It appears that the twelve men who were called to superintend the census were also appointed to be the captains of their respective tribes--a dignity which they owed probably to the circumstances, formerly noticed, of their holding the hereditary office of head or "prince."
5
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5. その隣に陣を敷く者たち――すなわち片側に。
영문 원문
5. those that pitch next unto him--that is, on the one side.
7
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7. ゼブルン部族—反対側である。ユダ部族が最も数が多かったが、イッサカルとゼブルンの部族もまた非常に多かった。それゆえ、この三部族の連合は強力で堂々たる先鋒を形成した。
영문 원문
7. Then the tribe of Zebulun--on the other side. While Judah's tribe was the most numerous, those of Issachar and Zebulun were also very numerous; so that the association of those three tribes formed a strong and imposing van.
10
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10-31. 南側にはルベンの子孫の営の旗—南のルベンとその従属部族、西のエフライムとその同陣、北のダンとその同盟部族、そして東のユダの位置について与えられた描写は、方形または四角形の概念を示唆している。それは、隊列を密に保ちながら各兵士に一平方キュビトを与えると、十二平方マイル以上の面積に及ぶと計算された。しかし、占領された空間の計算には、ここで人数が与えられている戦闘員だけでなく、家族、天幕、荷物も考慮されなければならない。彼らの神聖な王の幕屋つまり聖なる天幕と、その周囲のレビ人の宿営 （民数記3:38参照） は、すべての遊牧民の宿営における首長の天幕と同様に、中心を形成した。行軍では、この順序は必要ないくつかの変更とともに守られた。ユダが先導し、おそらくイッサカルとゼブルンがそれに続いた
[民数記10:14-16]。
ルベン、シメオン、ガドが第二の大師団を形成した
[民数記10:18-20]。
彼らの後には、幕屋を担ぐレビ人からなる中央の集団が続いた
[民数記10:21]。
そして第三の後方部隊はエフライム、マナセ、ベニヤミンからなり
[民数記10:22-24]、
最後尾はダン、アシェル、ナフタリに割り当てられた
[民数記10:25-27]。
このように、最も数の多かったユダが先鋒を形成し、次に強かったダンが殿を務め、ルベンとエフライムは、それぞれに関連する部族とともに、最小で最弱であったため、中央に置かれた。（民数記10:13参照）。
영문 원문
10-31. On the south side the standard of the camp of Reuben--The description given of the position of Reuben and his attendant tribes on the south, of Ephraim and his associates on the west, of Dan and his confederates on the north, with that of Judah on the east, suggests the idea of a square or quadrangle, which, allowing one square cubit to each soldier while remaining close in the ranks, has been computed to extend over an area of somewhat more than twelve square miles. But into our calculations of the occupied space must be taken not only the fighting men, whose numbers are here given, but also the families, tents, and baggage. The tabernacle or sacred tent of their Divine King, with the camp of the Levites around it (see on
Nu 3:38),
formed the center, as does the chief's in the encampment of all nomad people. In marching, this order was adhered to, with some necessary variations. Judah led the way, followed, it is most probable, by Issachar and Zebulun
[Nu 10:14-16].
Reuben, Simeon, and Gad formed the second great division
[Nu 10:18-20].
They were followed by the central company, composed of the Levites, bearing the tabernacle
[Nu 10:21].
Then the third and posterior squadron consisted of Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin
[Nu 10:22-24],
while the hindmost place was assigned to Dan, Asher, and Naphtali
[Nu 10:25-27].
Thus Judah's, which was the most numerous, formed the van: and Dan's, which was the next in force, brought up the rear; while Reuben's and Ephraim's, with the tribes associated with them respectively, being the smallest and weakest, were placed in the center. (See on
Nu 10:13).
Nu 2:1-34.
天幕における部族の順序