1
Nu 2:1-34.
영문 원문
Nu 2:1-34.
THE ORDER OF THE TRIBES IN THEIR TENTS.
2
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2. 各人……要对着自己旗号的纛、按着父家的旗号安营——旗号是某种公认形式的可见标志，用以指引庞大人群的行动。以色列人既奉命“各人要对着自己旗号的纛、按着父家的旗号安营”，这指示被认为暗示他们拥有三类：（1）大的支派旗号，作为百姓十二大族的集结点；（2）各支族分部的旗号；（3）各家族或家室的旗号。后者是绝对必需的，因为一个支派若只有一个旗号，在如此庞大人群的边缘便无法看见。关于它们的形状、材质、颜色和图案，我们没有可靠的资料。但它们可能与埃及的旗号有些相似，只是除去了任何偶像崇拜的象征。埃及的旗号呈伞形或扇形，以鸵鸟羽毛、披巾等制成，高悬于长杆顶端；这些杆子有的像中央那面神圣的旗一样置于车上，有的扛在人肩上；另一些则可能像东方朝圣者夜间竖在杆上的灯火。犹太作者说，希伯来各支派的旗号是取自雅各预言性祝福的象征——犹大的为狮子，便雅悯的为狼，等等
[Ge 49:3-24]；
而各旗号或旗帜以颜色相区分——各支派的颜色，与该支派在大祭司胸牌上所代表的宝石颜色相同
[Ex 28:17-21]。
远离会幕的四围安营——即“对着”，相隔一个恭敬的距离。每一支派的位置都依次具体描述，因为各支派无论在行军次序还是在营地布置中都被指派了特定的部分。
영문 원문
2. Every man . . . shall pitch by his own standard, with the ensign of their father's house--Standards were visible signs of a certain recognized form for directing the movements of large bodies of people. As the Israelites were commanded to encamp "each by his own standard, with the ensign of their father's house," the direction has been considered as implying that they possessed three varieties: (1) the great tribal standards, which served as rallying points for the twelve large clans of the people; (2) the standards of the subdivided portions; and, (3) those of families or houses. The latter must have been absolutely necessary, as one ensign only for a tribe would not have been visible at the extremities of so large a body. We possess no authentic information as to their forms, material, colors, and devices. But it is probable that they might bear some resemblance to those of Egypt, only stripped of any idolatrous symbols. These were of an umbrella or a fanlike form, made of ostrich feathers, shawls, &c., lifted on the points of long poles, which were borne, either like the sacred central one, on a car, or on men's shoulders, while others might be like the beacon lights which are set on poles by Eastern pilgrims at night. Jewish writers say that the standards of the Hebrew tribes were symbols borrowed from the prophetic blessing of Jacob--Judah's being a lion, Benjamin's a wolf, &c.
[Ge 49:3-24];
and that the ensigns or banners were distinguished by their colors--the colors of each tribe being the same as that of the precious stone representing that tribe in the breastplate of the high priest
[Ex 28:17-21].
far off about the tabernacle of the congregation shall they pitch--that is, "over against," at a reverential distance. The place of every tribe is successively and specifically described because each had a certain part assigned both in the order of march and the disposition of the encampment.
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3. 在东边向日出之地上安营的，是犹大营的纛——犹大被置于由三个支派在其旗下集结而成的营之首，据说其结合了大祭司胸牌上众支派的统合颜色，却以犹大之名称之。他们被指派占据东边，并在行军中领先，而他们的行程大体上是朝东方向。
拿顺——或作 Naasson
(Mt 1:4; Lu 3:32, 33)。
必作首领——可见那奉召监督数点百姓的十二人，也被立为各自支派的首领——这尊荣大概要归因于前文所提及的情形，即他们世袭地担任族长或“首领”之职。
영문 원문
3. on the east side toward the rising of the sun shall they of the standard of the camp of Judah pitch throughout their armies--Judah, placed at the head of a camp composed of three tribes rallying under its standard, was said to have combined the united colors in the high priest's breastplate, but called by the name of Judah. They were appointed to occupy the east side and to take the lead in the march, which, for the most part, was in an easterly direction.
Nahshon--or Naasson
(Mt 1:4; Lu 3:32, 33).
shall be captain--It appears that the twelve men who were called to superintend the census were also appointed to be the captains of their respective tribes--a dignity which they owed probably to the circumstances, formerly noticed, of their holding the hereditary office of head or "prince."
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5. 在他旁边安营的——即在一边。
영문 원문
5. those that pitch next unto him--that is, on the one side.
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7. 又有西布伦支派——在另一边。犹大支派人数最多，以萨迦和西布伦支派也极众多；因此这三支派的联合构成了一个强大而威严的前锋。
영문 원문
7. Then the tribe of Zebulun--on the other side. While Judah's tribe was the most numerous, those of Issachar and Zebulun were also very numerous; so that the association of those three tribes formed a strong and imposing van.
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10-31. 在南边，按着流便营的纛——关于流便及其随行支派在南、以法莲及其同伴支派在西、但及其同盟支派在北、以及犹大在东的位置描述，使人联想到一个正方形或四方形；若按每一兵丁在密集队列中占一平方肘计算，经推算其覆盖面积超过十二平方英里。但在计算所占空间时，不仅要考虑此处所列其人数的战士，还要考虑家眷、帐篷和辎重。他们神圣之王的帐幕——即圣帐——连同周围利未人的营 （参
Nu 3:38），
构成中心，正如一切游牧民族的营中首领之帐居中一样。行军时大体遵此秩序，仅有若干必要的变通。犹大领先，最可能其后是以萨迦和西布伦
[Nu 10:14-16]。
流便、西缅和迦得构成第二个大编制
[Nu 10:18-20]。
随后是中央的一队，由扛帐幕的利未人组成
[Nu 10:21]。
然后第三队、即后队，由以法莲、玛拿西和便雅悯组成
[Nu 10:22-24]，
最后的位置则派给但、亚设和拿弗他利
[Nu 10:25-27]。
如此，人数最多的犹大编队作前锋；实力次之的但编队殿后；而流便和以法莲的编队，连同各自相联的支派，因最弱最小，被置于中间。（参
Nu 10:13）。
영문 원문
10-31. On the south side the standard of the camp of Reuben--The description given of the position of Reuben and his attendant tribes on the south, of Ephraim and his associates on the west, of Dan and his confederates on the north, with that of Judah on the east, suggests the idea of a square or quadrangle, which, allowing one square cubit to each soldier while remaining close in the ranks, has been computed to extend over an area of somewhat more than twelve square miles. But into our calculations of the occupied space must be taken not only the fighting men, whose numbers are here given, but also the families, tents, and baggage. The tabernacle or sacred tent of their Divine King, with the camp of the Levites around it (see on
Nu 3:38),
formed the center, as does the chief's in the encampment of all nomad people. In marching, this order was adhered to, with some necessary variations. Judah led the way, followed, it is most probable, by Issachar and Zebulun
[Nu 10:14-16].
Reuben, Simeon, and Gad formed the second great division
[Nu 10:18-20].
They were followed by the central company, composed of the Levites, bearing the tabernacle
[Nu 10:21].
Then the third and posterior squadron consisted of Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin
[Nu 10:22-24],
while the hindmost place was assigned to Dan, Asher, and Naphtali
[Nu 10:25-27].
Thus Judah's, which was the most numerous, formed the van: and Dan's, which was the next in force, brought up the rear; while Reuben's and Ephraim's, with the tribes associated with them respectively, being the smallest and weakest, were placed in the center. (See on
Nu 10:13).
Nu 2:1-34.
各支派 安营 之次序。