서론
제목 없음
繁體中文
영문 원문
Of all the families of Israel none was so illustrious as the family of David. That is the family which was mentioned in the foregoing chapter, 1Ch 2:15. Here we have a full account of it. I. David's sons, 1Ch 3:1-9. II. His successors in the throne as long as the kingdom continued, 1Ch 3:10-16. III. The remains of his family in and after the captivity, 1Ch 3:17-24. From this family, "as concerning the flesh, Christ came."
1-24
The Family of David (1055 BC)
繁體中文
大衛的家族（主前1055年）
¹ 大衛在希伯崙所生的兒子記在下面：長子暗嫩，是耶斯列人亞希暖所生的；次子但以利，是迦密人亞比該所生的； ² 三子押沙龍，是基述王達買的女兒瑪迦的兒子；四子亞多尼雅，是哈及的兒子； ³ 五子示法提雅，是亞比他所生的；六子以特念，是他的妻子以格拉所生的。 ⁴ 這六個兒子都是大衛在希伯崙所生的。他在希伯崙作王七年零六個月；在耶路撒冷作王三十三年。 ⁵ 大衛在耶路撒冷所生的兒子是示米亞、朔罷、拿單、所羅門—這四個是亞米利的女兒拔書亞所生的。 ⁶ 還有益轄、以利沙瑪、以利法列、 ⁷ 拿迦、尼斐、雅非亞、 ⁸ 以利沙瑪、以利大、以利法列，共九人。 ⁹ 這都是大衛的兒子，還有妾所生的兒子不算，他們的姐妹是他瑪。
關於大衛的兒子，我們在撒母耳記下三章2至5節、五章14至16節等處已經讀過。1. 他的兒子甚多；無疑他寫下詩篇一二七5時，是按著他的想法而寫：「箭袋充滿的人便為有福」。2. 他們其中有幾個曾使他憂愁，如暗嫩、押沙龍和亞多尼雅；而且我們未讀到他們有任何一位效法他的敬虔和虔誠—除了所羅門，而他也遠遠不及。3. 他們其中有一位，是拔示巴給他生的，他稱之為「拿單」—大概為紀念拿單先知，因他曾在那件事上責備他的罪，又是使他悔改的工具。看來他終身因此更愛拿單。把那些對我們忠心耿耿的人當作最好的朋友，這是智慧。大衛的這個兒子，正是我們主耶穌從他而出的一位祖先，見路加福音三章31節。4. 這裏有兩個以利沙瑪，兩個以利法列（代上三6、8）。大概那兩個前者已經死了，所以大衛又用他們的名字給另外兩個兒子起名—假如這個作法真如某些人所想的有甚麼不吉的兆頭，他必不會如此行。5. 大衛有許多妾；但她們的兒女都沒有被提名，因為不配得這尊榮（代上三9），更是因為那些妾在押沙龍的事上對大衛不忠。6. 在大衛一切的兒子中，所羅門被揀選接續他，也許不是因為他個人有甚麼功勞（他的智慧是神的恩賜），而是如此：「父啊，因為在你眼中這是好的」。
¹⁰ 所羅門的兒子是羅波安，他的兒子是亞比雅，他的兒子是亞撒，他的兒子是約沙法， ¹¹ 他的兒子是約蘭，他的兒子是亞哈謝，他的兒子是約阿施， ¹² 他的兒子是亞瑪謝，他的兒子是亞撒利雅，他的兒子是約坦， ¹³ 他的兒子是亞哈斯，他的兒子是希西家，他的兒子是瑪拿西， ¹⁴ 他的兒子是亞們，他的兒子是約西亞。 ¹⁵ 約西亞的兒子是：長子約哈難、次子約雅敬、三子西底家、四子沙龍。 ¹⁶ 約雅敬的兒子是耶哥尼雅，和他的兒子西底家。 ¹⁷ 耶哥尼雅的兒子是亞悉；他的兒子是撒拉鐵、 ¹⁸ 瑪基蘭、毗大雅、示拿薩、耶加米、何沙瑪、尼大比雅。 ¹⁹ 毗大雅的兒子是所羅巴伯、示每。所羅巴伯的兒子是米書蘭、哈拿尼雅，他們的姐妹是示羅密； ²⁰ 又有哈舒巴、阿黑、比利家、哈撒底、耶書巴希悉，共五人。 ²¹ 哈拿尼雅的兒子是毗拉提、以賽亞；利法雅的兒子是亞珥難；俄巴底的兒子是示迦尼；示迦尼的兒子是示瑪雅。 ²² 示瑪雅的兒子是哈突、以甲、巴利亞、尼利雅、沙法，共六人。 ²³ 尼利雅的兒子是以利約乃、希西家、亞斯利甘，共三人。 ²⁴ 以利約乃的兒子是何大雅、以利亞實、毗萊雅、阿谷、約哈難、大利雅、亞拿尼，共七人。
大衛既有十九個兒子，我們可以設想他們在以色列中興起了許多貴族家族，是這歷史中我們再也聽不到的。但聖經只給我們記述所羅門的家譜（此處）和拿單的家譜（路三31）。其餘的雖然有作大衛兒子的尊榮，卻只有這兩個家族有與彌賽亞相關的尊榮。拿單的子孫是祂作人的祖先，所羅門的子孫是祂作王的先祖。此處我們讀到：1. 大衛的世系被一直拉到被擄之時那些偉大而著名的人物—猶大諸王按直系相承的次序，他們的歷史我們在列王紀上下已詳盡讀過，又將在歷代志下再次遇見。王冠從父到子如此一脈相傳十七代之久，如此情形並不多見。這是大衛敬虔的報答。大約在被擄之時，直系相承被中斷，王冠從一個兄弟轉到另一個兄弟，又從姪兒轉到叔父—這是那家榮耀將要黯淡的預兆。2. 被擄之後大衛家所存續的那些較不著名、且大多是極其隱晦的名字。被擄歸回之後，我們在這個家中所遇見惟一著名的人物，就是所羅巴伯—別處稱他為「撒拉鐵的兒子」，但此處顯明他是他的孫子（代上三17–19），這在聖經中是常見的。伯沙撒被稱為尼布甲尼撒的「兒子」，其實是他的孫子。撒拉鐵被稱為耶哥尼雅的「兒子」，是因為被耶哥尼雅收養為嗣，又因為（如有些人所想）他接續了耶哥尼撒由以未米羅達所恢復的尊榮。否則耶哥尼雅便是無子而終了：他是「神從右手上摘下來的印記」（耶二十二24），而所羅巴伯被立在原是他的地位上，所以神對他說（該二23）：「我必以你為印記」。所羅巴伯的後裔此處所載的名字，與馬太福音一章1至17節和路加福音三章23至38節所載的家譜中的名字不同；但那些名字無疑是取自當時的紋章院—就是祭司所保存的猶大一切家族的公開戶口，尤其是大衛家的。本章最後提到的一位是亞拿尼；派翠克主教（bishop Patrick）說，他爾根（Targum）在其名上加上了這些話：「他就是將要顯明的王彌賽亞。」一些猶太作者給出的理由是：因為經上說（但七13），人子是「駕著天上的雲」（gnim gnanani）而來。這理由實在非常牽強、非常勉強；但那位博學的人認為，這可以被用來作為一個證據，說明他們的心總是充滿了對彌賽亞的思想，又他們期待在所羅巴伯的日子之後不久，祂降臨的定期就要來到。
영문 원문
The Family of David (1055 BC)
¹ Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess:
² The third, Absalom the son of Maachah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur: the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith:
³ The fifth, Shephatiah of Abital: the sixth, Ithream by Eglah his wife.
⁴ These six were born unto him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years.
⁵ And these were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shimea, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, four, of Bath-shua the daughter of Ammiel:
⁶ Ibhar also, and Elishama, and Eliphelet,
⁷ And Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia,
⁸ And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphelet, nine.
⁹ These were all the sons of David, beside the sons of the concubines, and Tamar their sister.
We had an account of David's sons, 2Sa 3:2-5,5:14-16, etc. 1. He had many sons; and no doubt wrote as he thought, Ps 127:5. Happy is the man that hath his quiver full of these arrows. 2. Some of them were a grief to him, as Amnon, Absalom, and Adonijah; and we do not read of any of them that imitated his piety or devotion except Solomon, and he came far short of it. 3. One of them, which Bath-sheba bore to him, he called Nathan, probably in honour of Nathan the prophet, who reproved him for his sin in that matter and was instrumental to bring him to repentance. It seems he loved him the better for it as long as he lived. It is wisdom to esteem those our best friends that deal faithfully with us. From this son of David our Lord Jesus descended, as appears Lu 3:31. 4. Here are two Elishamas, and two Eliphelets, 1Ch 3:6,8. Probably the two former were dead, and therefore David called two more by their names, which he would not have done if there had been any ill omen in this practice as some fancy. 5. David had many concubines; but their children are not named, as not worthy of the honour (1Ch 3:9), the rather because the concubines had dealt treacherously with David in the affair of Absalom. 6. Of all David's sons Solomon was chosen to succeed him, perhaps not for any personal merits (his wisdom was God's gift), but so, Father, because it seemed good unto thee.
¹⁰ And Solomon's son was Rehoboam, Abia his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son,
¹¹ Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son,
¹² Amaziah his son, Azariah his son, Jotham his son,
¹³ Ahaz his son, Hezekiah his son, Manasseh his son,
¹⁴ Amon his son, Josiah his son.
¹⁵ And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
¹⁶ And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son.
¹⁷ And the sons of Jeconiah; Assir, Salathiel his son,
¹⁸ Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
¹⁹ And the sons of Pedaiah were, Zerubbabel, and Shimei: and the sons of Zerubbabel; Meshullam, and Hananiah, and Shelomith their sister:
²⁰ And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five.
²¹ And the sons of Hananiah; Pelatiah, and Jesaiah: the sons of Rephaiah, the sons of Arnan, the sons of Obadiah, the sons of Shechaniah.
²² And the sons of Shechaniah; Shemaiah: and the sons of Shemaiah; Hattush, and Igeal, and Bariah, and Neariah, and Shaphat, six.
²³ And the sons of Neariah; Elioenai, and Hezekiah, and Azrikam, three.
²⁴ And the sons of Elioenai were, Hodaiah, and Eliashib, and Pelaiah, and Akkub, and Johanan, and Dalaiah, and Anani, seven.
David having nineteen sons, we may suppose them to have raised many noble families in Israel whom we never hear of in the history. But the scripture gives us an account only of the descendants of Solomon here, and of Nathan, Lu 3:31 The rest had the honour to be the sons of David; but these only had the honour to be related to the Messiah. The sons of Nathan were his fathers as man, the sons of Solomon his predecessors as king. We have here, 1. The great and celebrated names by which the line of David is drawn down to the captivity, the kings of Judah in a lineal succession, the history of whom we have had at large in the two books of Kings and shall meet with again in the second book of Chronicles. Seldom has a crown gone in a direct line from father to son for seventeen descents together, as here. This was the recompence of David's piety. About the time of the captivity the lineal descent was interrupted, and the crown went from one brother to another and from a nephew to an uncle, which was a presage of the eclipsing of the glory of that house. 2. The less famous, and most of them very obscure, names, in which the house of David subsisted after the captivity. The only famous man of that house that we meet with at their return from captivity was Zerubbabel, elsewhere called the son of Salathiel, but appearing here to be his grandson (1Ch 3:17-19), which is usual in scripture. Belshazzar is called Nebuchadnezzar's son, but was his grandson. Salathiel is said to be the son of Jeconiah because adopted by him, and because, as some think, he succeeded him in the dignity to which he was restored by Evil-merodach. Otherwise Jeconiah was written childless: he was the signet God plucked from his right hand (Jer 22:24), and in his room Zerubbabel was placed, and therefore God saith to him (Hag 2:23), I will make thee as a signet. The posterity of Zerubbabel here bear not the same names that they do in the genealogies (Mt 1:1-17, Lu 3:23-38), but those no doubt were taken from the then herald's office, the public registers which the priests kept of all the families of Judah, especially that of David. The last person named in this chapter is Anani, of whom bishop Patrick says that the Targum adds these words, He is the king Messiah, who is to be revealed, and some of the Jewish writers give this reason, because it is said (Da 7:13), the son of man came gnim gnanani—with the clouds of heaven. The reason indeed is very foreign and far-fetched; but that learned man thinks it may be made use of as an evidence that their minds were always full of the thoughts of the Messiah and that they expected it would not be very long after the days of Zerubbabel before the set time of his approach would come.
在以色列眾家族中，沒有一個像大衛家那樣輝煌。那就是前一章（代上二15）所提到的家族。此處我們讀到它完整的記述：一、大衛的眾子（代上三1–9）。二、他在王位上的繼承人，只要國度仍存續（代上三10–16）。三、他被擄之時及之後家族的餘民（代上三17–24）。從這個家族，「按肉體說，基督也是從他們出來的」。