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繁體中文
영문 원문
Six years bloody Athaliah had tyrannised; in this chapter we have her deposed and slain, and Joash, the rightful heir, enthroned. We had the story before nearly as it is here related, 2Ki 11:4-21, etc. I. Jehoiada prepared the people for the king, acquainted them with his design, armed them, and appointed them their posts, 2Ch 23:1-10. II. He produced the king to the people, crowned him, and anointed him, 2Ch 23:11. III. He slew the usurper, 2Ch 23:12-15. IV. He reformed the kingdom, re-established religion, and restored the civil government, 2Ch 23:16-21.
1-11
Preparations to Restore Judah (878 BC)
繁體中文
恢復猶大的準備（主前 878 年）
¹ 第七年，耶何耶大奮勇自強，與百夫長耶羅罕的兒子亞撒利雅、約哈難的兒子以實瑪利、俄備得的兒子亞撒利雅、亞大雅的兒子瑪西雅、細基利的兒子以利沙法立約。 ² 他們走遍猶大，從猶大各城招聚利未人和以色列的族長，來到耶路撒冷。 ³ 全會眾在神的殿裡與王立約。耶何耶大對他們說：「看哪，王的兒子必作王，正如耶和華論大衛子孫所說的話。 ⁴ 你們當這樣行：凡安息日進班的祭司和利未人，三分之一要把守門戶； ⁵ 三分之一要在王宮；三分之一要在基址門；眾百姓都要在耶和華殿的院子裡。 ⁶ 除了祭司和供職的利未人之外，誰也不可進耶和華的殿；惟獨他們可以進去，因為他們是聖的；眾百姓都要遵守耶和華所吩咐的。 ⁷ 利未人要手中拿兵器環繞王；凡進殿的，必被治死。王出入的時候，你們當跟隨他。」 ⁸ 利未人和猶大眾人就照著祭司耶何耶大一切所吩咐的去行，各人帶著安息日進班的人和出班的人；因為祭司耶何耶大沒有懈怠班次。 ⁹ 祭司耶何耶大又將大衛王的槍、盾牌和擋牌交給百夫長，這些本是放在神殿裡的。 ¹⁰ 又使眾人各人手中拿兵器，從殿右邊直到殿左邊，沿著壇和殿，環繞王。 ¹¹ 於是他們把王的兒子領出來，給他戴上冠冕，將律法書交給他，立他為王。耶何耶大和他的兒子們膏他，說：「願王萬歲！」
我們不難想像亞他利雅篡位六年間耶路撒冷局面的惡劣，也希奇神竟容許此事、祂的百姓竟忍受如此之久；但經過這樣幽暗漫長的黑夜之後，這次變革中歸回的白晝就格外明亮、格外受歡迎。大衛後裔和寶座的延續，是神憑祂的聖潔起誓所要保證的（詩八十九35）；這中斷並非廢棄。政權的洪流在此又回到正確的河道。復辟的器皿和主要策劃者是耶何耶大；看來他是：1. 一個極有遠見的人——多年來保全這位年幼的王，直到他可以公開露面，直到全國對篡位者感到厭倦；他預先籌備了這工，然後以令人讚嘆的隱密和迅速成就了它。神若有工要作，必使合格的人並賜他們膽量去作。2. 一個極有影響力的人。百夫長與他聯合（代下二十三1）。利未人和以色列的族長一蒙他呼召，就來到耶路撒冷（代下二十三2），在那裡預備接受他的吩咐。請看智慧和美德能使人得著何等的權柄。「利未人和猶大眾人都照耶何耶大所吩咐的去行」（代下二十三8）；更奇妙的是，凡受託這秘密的，都嚴守秘密直到事成。這樣，「智慧人的言語在安靜中被聽見」（傳九17）。3. 一個極有信心的人。促使他承擔此事的，不僅是普通的公義（更不是他妻子與王室的親戚關係），更是對神話語的尊重，和對冠冕世代相傳之神聖定旨的尊重（代下二十三3）：「王的兒子必作王」，必須作王，「正如耶和華所說的」。他對應許的仰望和倚靠，為這項事業增添了極大的榮耀。4. 一個極敬虔的人。這事要在聖殿中進行，這也許會有違常規，而情勢的必要也許可被視為可作例外；但他卻特別吩咐：除了祭司和利未人之外，誰也不可進耶和華的殿——他們是聖潔的，違者必死（代下二十三6、7）。絕不可使聖物被褻瀆，即使是為支持民事的權利也不可。5. 一個極有決心的人。他既承擔了這事，就一貫到底：「把王領出來，給他戴上冠冕，將律法書交給他」（代下二十三11）。他冒著性命危險，但那是在好的事業中，因此他勇敢前行。此處說他的兒子們也參與膏立這年幼的王。其中一個大概就是後來約阿施因他責備而將他處死的那撒迦利亞（代下二十四20）——這就格外忘恩，因為他曾甘心樂意參與膏立約阿施為王。
영문 원문
Preparations to Restore Judah (878 BC)
¹ And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into covenant with him.
² And they went about in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all the cities of Judah, and the chief of the fathers of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem.
³ And all the congregation made a covenant with the king in the house of God. And he said unto them, Behold, the king's son shall reign, as the LORD hath said of the sons of David.
⁴ This is the thing that ye shall do; A third part of you entering on the sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be porters of the doors;
⁵ And a third part shall be at the king's house; and a third part at the gate of the foundation: and all the people shall be in the courts of the house of the LORD.
⁶ But let none come into the house of the LORD, save the priests, and they that minister of the Levites; they shall go in, for they are holy: but all the people shall keep the watch of the LORD.
⁷ And the Levites shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand; and whosoever else cometh into the house, he shall be put to death: but be ye with the king when he cometh in, and when he goeth out.
⁸ So the Levites and all Judah did according to all things that Jehoiada the priest had commanded, and took every man his men that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that were to go out on the sabbath: for Jehoiada the priest dismissed not the courses.
⁹ Moreover Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of hundreds spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king David's, which were in the house of God.
¹⁰ And he set all the people, every man having his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the temple to the left side of the temple, along by the altar and the temple, by the king round about.
¹¹ Then they brought out the king's son, and put upon him the crown, and gave him the testimony, and made him king. And Jehoiada and his sons anointed him, and said, God save the king.
We may well imagine the bad posture of affairs in Jerusalem during Athaliah's six years' usurpation, and may wonder that God permitted it and his people bore it so long; but after such a dark and tedious night the returning day in this revolution was the brighter and the more welcome. The continuance of David's seed and throne was what God had sworn by his holiness (Ps 89:35), and an interruption was no defeasance; the stream of government here runs again in the right channel. The instrument and chief manager of the restoration is Jehoiada, who appears to have been, 1. A man of great prudence, who reserved the young prince for so many years till he was fit to appear in public, and till the nation had grown weary of the usurper, who prepared his work beforehand, and then effected it with admirable secresy and expedition. When God has work to do he will qualify and animate men for it. 2. A man of great interest. The captains joined with him, 2Ch 23:1. The Levites and the chief of the fathers of Israel came at his call to Jerusalem (2Ch 23:2) and were there ready to receive his orders. See what a command wisdom and virtue will give men. The Levites and all Judah did as Jehoiada commanded (2Ch 23:8), and, which is strange, all that were entrusted with the secret kept their own counsel till it was executed. Thus the words of the wise are heard in quiet, Ec 9:17. 3. A man of great faith. It was not only common equity (much less his wife's relation to the royal family) that put him upon this undertaking, but a regard to the word of God, and the divine entail of the crown (2Ch 23:3): The king's son shall reign, must reign, as the Lord hath said. His eye to the promise, and dependence upon that, added a great deal of glory to this undertaking. 4. A man of great religion. This matter was to be done in the temple, which might occasion some breach of rule, and the necessity of the case might be thought to excuse it; but he gave special order that none of the people should come into the house of the Lord, but the priests and Levites only, who were holy, upon pain of death, 2Ch 23:6,7. Never let sacred things be profaned, no, not for the support of civil rights. 5. A man of great resolution. When he had undertaken this business he went through with it, brought out the king, crowned him, and gave him the testimony, 2Ch 23:11. He ventured his head, but it was in a good cause, and therefore he went on boldly. It is here said that his sons joined with him in anointing the young king. One of them, it is likely, was that Zechariah whom Joash afterwards put to death for reproving him (2Ch 24:20), which was so much the more ungrateful because he bore a willing part in anointing him.
12-21
Joash Crowned and Athaliah Slain (878 BC)
繁體中文
約阿施加冕，亞他利雅被殺（主前 878 年）
¹² 亞他利雅聽見百姓奔跑讚美王的聲音，就到百姓那裡，進耶和華的殿， ¹³ 觀看，見王站在殿門口他的柱子旁，眾首領和吹號的人侍立在王左右；國中的百姓都歡樂、吹號，又有歌唱的用樂器，並教人讚美的人領唱。亞他利雅就撕裂衣服，說：「反了！反了！」 ¹⁴ 祭司耶何耶大把管轄軍隊的百夫長帶出來，對他們說：「把她從各班中趕出去；凡跟隨她的，必用刀殺死。」因為祭司說：「不可在耶和華的殿裡殺她。」 ¹⁵ 眾人就下手拿住她；她走到王宮馬門的入口處，他們就在那裡把她殺了。 ¹⁶ 耶何耶大又立約，使自己、使百姓和王都歸與耶和華，作他的百姓。 ¹⁷ 於是眾百姓到巴力廟去，拆毀了它，又打碎它的壇和偶像，並在壇前殺了巴力的祭司瑪坦。 ¹⁸ 耶何耶大又派定耶和華殿的職事，交在祭司利未人手中，就是大衛從前在耶和華殿中所派定的，使他們照摩西律法上所寫的，照大衛所定的，歡歡喜喜地唱歌獻耶和華的燔祭。 ¹⁹ 又設立守門的在耶和華殿的各門，凡不潔淨的，無論何事，都不可進去。 ²⁰ 又帶領百夫長、貴族、民長，和國中的眾百姓，請王從耶和華的殿下來，由上門進入王宮，立王坐在國度的寶座上。 ²¹ 國中的百姓都歡喜；他們用刀殺了亞他利雅之後，那城就安靜了。
此處有：一、百姓歡喜（代下 23:12–13）。當王站在他的柱子旁——本是他當站之處——「國中的百姓都歡喜，看見從耶西的本必發一條」（賽 11:1）。當這根看來在乾旱之地的枯根之中，要看見他們所絕望得見的——大衛家的一位王——對他們是何等令人欣喜的意外！他們歡喜若狂地跑去觀看，讚美王，又讚美 神，因為他們中間有「教人讚美的人」。
二、亞他利雅被殺。她撞在公義之劍的劍尖上；因她誤以為自己的勢力比實際更大，竟在那時冒險「進耶和華的殿」，喊著說：「反了！反了！」但無人附和，無人跟她站在一起。她心中的驕傲欺騙了她。她以為一切都是她的，其實沒有人真心屬她。耶何耶大作為王未成年時的攝政，下令把她處死（代下 23:14），立即執行（代下 23:15），只是留意不讓她「在耶和華的殿裡被殺」——那聖所不可如此被玷辱，那惡婦也不可如此被尊榮。
三、原有的盟約得以確立（代下 23:16）。在《列王紀》中說耶何耶大使「耶和華、百姓和王」之間立約（王下 11:17）。此處說是「自己、百姓和王」之間；因為他作為 神的祭司，在這事上是他的代表，或如摩西那樣的中保。這契約是三方的，但全約的真意與宗旨乃是：「他們要作耶和華的百姓。」 神藉耶何耶大立約，收納他們為他的百姓；王和百姓與他立約，要作他的；然後王又與百姓立約，要治理他們「作 神的百姓」，百姓也與王立約，要順服他「作耶和華的百姓」，在他的敬畏中、為他的緣故。我們當看自己、又看別人為「耶和華的百姓」，這在我們盡對 神對人一切本分上，必有極大的影響。
四、巴力被毀（代下 23:17）。他們若只毀了篡奪「王」權者，卻不毀篡奪「 神」權者——只為寶座的尊嚴伸張，卻不為壇的尊嚴伸張——便只作了一半的工作。亞他利雅治期最大的禍患，就是引入並支持巴力的敬拜；因此這事當先廢除。毀掉巴力的廟、壇、偶像；全都毀掉，讓他祭司的血與他的祭物相混；因為 神曾命令引誘人拜偶像的必被治死（申 13:5–6）。
五、聖殿事奉恢復（代下 23:18–19）。這事在前幾個王朝已被忽略，因為當君王厭惡它之時，祭司和百姓或無權力或無熱心去維持。但耶何耶大把近來被擾亂、被侵佔的「耶和華殿的職事」恢復到正當的次序和正當的人手中。1. 他派定祭司的班次，按摩西律法獻當獻的祭。2. 派定歌唱的班次，按大衛的安排。獻祭（看來）是「歡歡喜喜地唱歌」而獻的，理由充足。我們「藉著我們的主耶穌基督得與 神和好」，便「以 神為樂」（羅 5:11）。3. 守門的也照大衛所吩咐的，各守自己的崗位（代下 23:19），他們的職責是留意不讓任何在禮儀上不潔的人進入聖殿的院內。
六、民政重建（代下 23:20）。他們把王以禮迎回自己的王宮，使他「坐在國度的寶座上」，無論親自或藉他的師傅耶何耶大，來頒布律法、施行審判。這場可喜的革命就此完成。百姓大多為之歡喜，其餘的也安靜、不加反對（代下 23:21）。當大衛的子孫在心中登寶座之時，一切都安靜，喜樂的泉源也開了。
영문 원문
Joash Crowned and Athaliah Slain (878 BC)
¹² Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people into the house of the LORD:
¹³ And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the princes and the trumpets by the king: and all the people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with trumpets, also the singers with instruments of music, and such as taught to sing praise. Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason.
¹⁴ Then Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds that were set over the host, and said unto them, Have her forth of the ranges: and whoso followeth her, let him be slain with the sword. For the priest said, Slay her not in the house of the LORD.
¹⁵ So they laid hands on her; and when she was come to the entering of the horse gate by the king's house, they slew her there.
¹⁶ And Jehoiada made a covenant between him, and between all the people, and between the king, that they should be the LORD's people.
¹⁷ Then all the people went to the house of Baal, and brake it down, and brake his altars and his images in pieces, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars.
¹⁸ Also Jehoiada appointed the offices of the house of the LORD by the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the house of the LORD, to offer the burnt offerings of the LORD, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, as it was ordained by David.
¹⁹ And he set the porters at the gates of the house of the LORD, that none which was unclean in any thing should enter in.
²⁰ And he took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of the LORD: and they came through the high gate into the king's house, and set the king upon the throne of the kingdom.
²¹ And all the people of the land rejoiced: and the city was quiet, after that they had slain Athaliah with the sword.
Here we have, I. The people pleased, 2Ch 23:12,13. When the king stood at his pillar, whose right it was to stand there, all the people of the land rejoiced to see a rod sprung out of the stem of Jesse, Isa 11:1. When it seemed a withered root in a dry ground, to see what they despaired of ever seeing—a king of the house of David, what a pleasing surprise was it to them! They ran in transports of joy to see this sight, praised the king, and praised God, for they had with them such as taught to sing praise.
II. Athaliah slain. She ran upon the point of the sword of justice; for, imagining her interest much better than it was, she ventured into the house of the Lord at that time, and cried, Treason, treason! But nobody seconded her, or sided with her. The pride of her heart deceived her. She thought all her own, whereas none were cordially so. Jehoiada, as protector in the king's minority, ordered her to be slain (2Ch 23:14), which was done immediately (2Ch 23:15), only care was taken that she should not be slain in the house of the Lord, that sacred place must not be so far disgraced, nor that wicked woman so far honoured.
III. The original contract agreed to, 2Ch 23:16. In the Kings it is said that Jehoiada made a covenant between the Lord, the people, and the king, 2Ki 11:17. Here it is said to be between himself, the people, and the king; for he, as God's priest, was his representative in this transaction, or a sort of mediator, as Moses was. The indenture was tripartite, but the true intent and meaning of the whole was that they should be the Lord's people. God covenanted by Jehoiada to take them for his people; the king and people covenanted with him to be his; and then the king covenanted with the people to govern them as the people of God, and the people with the king to be subject to him as the Lord's people, in his fear and for his sake. Let us look upon ourselves and one another as the Lord's people, and this will have a powerful influence upon us in the discharge of all our duty both to God and man.
IV. Baal destroyed, 2Ch 23:17. They would not have done half their work if they had only destroyed the usurper of the king's right, and not the usurper of God's right—if they had asserted the honour of the throne, and not that of the altar. The greatest grievance of Athaliah's reign was the bringing in of the worship of Baal, and supporting of that; therefore that must be abolished in the first place. Down with Baal's house, his altars, his images; down with them all, and let the blood of his priests be mingled with his sacrifices; for God had commanded that seducers to idolatry should be put to death, De 13:5,6.
V. The temple service revived, 2Ch 23:18,19. This had been neglected in the last reigns, the priest and people wanting either power or zeal to keep it up when they had princes that were disaffected to it. But Jehoiada restored the offices of the house of the Lord, which in the late times had been disturbed and invaded, to the proper course and proper hands. 1. He appointed the priests to their courses, for the due offering of sacrifices, according to the law of Moses. 2. The singers to theirs, according to the appointment of David. The sacrifices (it should seem) were offered with rejoicing and singing, and with good reason. We joy in God when we receive the atonement, Ro 5:11. 3. The porters were put in their respective posts as David ordered (2Ch 23:19), and their office was to take care that none who were upon any account ceremonially unclean should be admitted into the courts of the temple.
VI. The civil government re-established, 2Ch 23:20. They brought the king in state to his own palace, and set him upon the throne of the kingdom, to give law, and give judgment, either in his own person or by Jehoiada his tutor. Thus was this happy revolution perfected. The generality of the people rejoiced in it, and the rest were quiet and made no opposition, 2Ch 23:21. When the Son of David is enthroned in the soul all is quiet and springs of joy are opened.
嗜血的亞她利雅已經專權六年；本章記述她怎樣被廢被殺，合法的王儲約阿施又怎樣登基。這段事蹟我們先前已大致讀過，與此處的記載相近（王下 11:4-21 等）。一、耶何耶大為擁立君王而預備百姓，把他們召集到自己的計畫中，為他們配備兵器，並指派各自的崗位（代下 23:1-10）。二、他把君王引見給百姓，給他加冕，又膏他（代下 23:11）。三、他殺了那篡位者（代下 23:12-15）。四、他改革國度，重新建立信仰，並恢復民政（代下 23:16-21）。