Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary · 에스겔 31장

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에스겔 31장

지원 언어 현황 영 한 일 중(간) 중(번)

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日本語

本章の預言も、前の二章と同じくエジプトに対するものであり、パロをへりくだらせ、打ち砕くことを目的としている。

大罪人に対する宣告を下す際、先例を参照し、同様の事案において他の者に何がなされたかを調べるのが通例である。これは手続きを導き、正当化するのに役立つ。パロは神のさばきの法廷で、その高慢と横柄さ、および神の民に対して行った損害のゆえに訴追されている。しかし彼は、いかなる権威にも説明責任を負わないほど高く偉大であると自負し、いかなる力にも征服されないほど強く守られていると考えている。

それゆえ預言者は、その首府がニネベであったアッシリヤの王の事案について、彼に報告するよう命じられる。

一、彼はアッシリヤの王がいかに偉大な君主であったか、どれほど広大な帝国を持ち、どれほど強大な支配力を持っていたかを示さなければならない。エジプトの王は、いかに偉大であっても、彼をしのぐことはできなかった(エゼ 31:3-9)。

二、次に、彼が高慢と肉的安心においてアッシリヤの王といかに似ていたかを示さなければならない(エゼ 31:10)。

三、さらに、アッシリヤの王の倒壊と滅亡の歴史を読み聞かせなければならない。それが諸国の間でどれほどの評判を呼び、すべての有力な君たちに高慢を戒める警告を与えたかを(エゼ 31:11-17)。

四、最後に、エジプトの王にこれらすべてを自分に当てはめさせなければならない。アッシリヤの王の罪という鏡に自分の顔を見、彼の滅びという遠近鏡を通して自分の倒壊を予見させるのである(エゼ 31:18)。

영문 원문

The prophecy of this chapter, as the two chapters before, is against Egypt, and designed for the humbling and mortifying of Pharaoh. In passing sentence upon great criminals it is usual to consult precedents, and to see what has been done to others in the like case, which serves both to direct and to justify the proceedings. Pharaoh stands indicted at the bar of divine justice for his pride and haughtiness, and the injuries he had done to God's people; but he thinks himself so high, so great, as not to be accountable to any authority, so strong, and so well guarded, as not to be conquerable by any force. The prophet is therefore directed to make a report to him of the case of the king of Assyria, whose head city was Nineveh. I. He must show him how great a monarch the king of Assyria had been, what a vast empire he had, what a mighty sway he bore; the king of Egypt, great as he was could not go beyond him, Eze 31:3-9. II. He must then show him how like he was to the king of Assyria in pride and carnal security, Eze 31:10. III. He must next read him the history of the fall and ruin of the king of Assyria, what a noise it made among the nations and what a warning it gave to all potent princes to take heed of pride, Eze 31:11-17. IV. He must leave the king of Egypt to apply all this to himself, to see his own face in the looking-glass of the king of Assyria's sin, and to foresee his own fall through the perspective glass of his ruin, Eze 31:18.

1-9

The King of Assyria's Greatness (588 BC)

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日本語

アッシリア王の偉大さ(紀元前588年)

¹ 第十一年、第三の月、その月の一日に、主のことばが私に臨んだ。
² 「人の子よ、エジプトの王パロとその大軍に語れ。あなたはその偉大さにおいて誰に似ているのか。
³ 見よ。アッシリアはレバノンの杉であり、美しい枝を持ち、影となる木陰を持ち、背が高かった。その頂は密な枝の中にあった。
⁴ 水は彼を大きくし、淵は彼を高く上げた。その川々は彼の植えたものの回りを流れ、その小川を野のすべての木に送った。
⁵ それゆえ、彼が芽を出したとき、その高さは野のすべての木よりも高く引き上げられ、その枝は増え、その若枝は水の多さのゆえに長くなった。
⁶ 天のすべての鳥はその枝に巣を作り、その若枝の下で野のすべての獣は子を産み、その陰にすべての大いなる国々が住んだ。
⁷ このように彼はその偉大さ、その枝の長さにおいて美しかった。その根が大いなる水のそばにあったからである。
⁸ 神の園の杉も彼を隠せなかった。もみの木は彼の枝に及ばず、くりは彼の若枝に及ばなかった。神の園のどの木もその美しさにおいて彼に及ぶものはなかった。
⁹ わたしはその枝の多さで彼を美しくした。神の園にあったエデンのすべての木は彼をねたんだ。

この預言はエルサレムが陥落する一ヶ月前の日付を持ち、前の章の終わりの預言のように約四ヶ月前のものである。神の民が苦しみのどん底にあるとき、彼らにとっていくらかの慰めとなろう。また同様に、彼らの上に勝ち誇る隣人の高慢と悪意への抑制となろう。天から、杯が回っている――震えの杯が――まもなく神の民の手から取られ、彼らを憎む者たちの手に置かれると告げられることは(イザ 51:22,23)。この預言において、

一、預言者はパロに、自分自身に匹敵する事例の記録を調べるよう指示される(エゼ 31:2)。「パロとその大軍に語れ」。その壮大さにこれほど貢献した彼の従者たちの大群、その力にこれほど貢献した彼の軍勢の大群に。彼はこれらを誇りとし、これらに信頼を置いた。そして彼らは彼を誇りとし、彼をこれほど信頼した。さて、彼に問え。「あなたはその偉大さにおいて誰に似ているのか」。私たちは比較によって自分自身を判断しがちである。自分自身を高く考える者は、大いに称賛されたあの者やこの者のよう偉大で、良いと想像する。君主の追従者たちは彼らに、華やかさと壮大さで匹敵する者を告げる。「さて」と神は言われる、「彼にこれまであった最も有名な権力者を選ばせよ。彼がその偉大さにおいて彼に似て、少しも劣らないことが認められよう。しかし、彼が誰を選ぼうと、彼は『その者の倒れる日が来た』ことを見出す。その者の『完全』のすべてに『終わり』があったのを見、それゆえに自分の終わりも同様に期待しなければならない」。他者の罪と滅びへの転落は、私たちが安全であったり「高ぶったり」したりせず、危険から外れていると思わないための訓戒として意図されていることに注意せよ。

二、彼は偉大さにおいて彼に似た一人の実例を示すよう指示される。それはアッシリアであった(エゼ 31:3)。その君主国はニムロデから続いていた。センナケリブはその君主国の力ある王子の一人であった。しかしその後まもなく没落し、ネブカデレザルの君主国がその廃墟の上に建てられた。あるいはむしろその幹に接木された。さて、アッシリアの王がどれほど繁栄する王子であったかを見よう。彼はここで立派な杉にたとえられる(エゼ 31:3)。ダビデの家の栄光は同じ比喩で説明される(エゼ 17:3)。オリーブの木、いちじくの木、ぶどうの木、これらはすべて果樹であったが、「木々の上に立つこと」を断った。実を結ぶことをやめなかったいからである(士 9:8 等)。それゆえ選択は杉に落ちる。それは立派で強く、大きな影を投げるが、実を結ばない。1. アッシリアの君主は背の高い杉であった。レバノンの杉のように一般的に「背が高く」、「その頂は密な枝の中に」あった。彼に貢ぐ他の王子たちに付き添われ、勇敢な者たちの近衛兵に囲まれていた。彼は近隣のすべての王子にまさった。彼らは彼にとってすべて低木であった(エゼ 31:5)。「その高さは野のすべての木よりも高く引き上げられた」。彼らの多くは非常に高かったが、彼は彼らすべての頂を越えた(エゼ 31:8)。杉でさえ、エデンの園の杉でさえ、種類の中で最も良いと想定できるが、「彼を隠せなかった」。彼の頂の枝は彼らの枝を越えた。2. 彼は広がる杉であった。その枝は高さに向かうだけでなく、広さに向かった。この力ある王子が大きな威厳と誉れに引き上げられ、地の偉大な人々の名の上に名を持っただけでなく、大きな支配と力を得たことを示す。その領土は広く、彼はその征服を遠くまで広げ、その影響をはるかに遠くまで及ぼした。この杉は「ぶどうの木」のように、「その枝を海に、川に」(詩 80:11)伸ばした。「その枝は増え、その若枝は長くなった」(エゼ 31:5)。それゆえ「影となる木陰」を持った(エゼ 31:3)。これは彼の美しさに非常に貢献した。高さと同様に比例して大きく成長したからである。彼は「その偉大さ、その枝の長さにおいて美しかった」(エゼ 31:7)。非常に立派であると同時に非常に堂々としていた。「その枝の多さで美しかった」(エゼ 31:9)。その広大な領土は良く管理されていた。庭師の技術によって形と良い秩序に保たれ、目には非常に美しい広がる木のように。その政府はすべての人の目には驚くべきものであったのと同様に、賢い人の目には愛すべきものであった。「もみの木」は「彼の枝」に及ばなかった。それほどまっすぐで、青々とし、規則正しくはなかった。また「くり」の枝は「彼の若枝」に及ばなかった。それほど厚く、広がってはなかった。要するに、エデン、バビロン(それは楽園が植えられた所にあったから)の「神の園」の「どの木も」、そこには「見るのに楽しい」すべての木があったが(創 2:9)、「この杉の美しさに」及ぶものはなかった。すなわち、周囲のすべての国々の中に、アッシリアの王ほど多く称賛され、多くもてなされ、誰もがこれほど愛した王子はいなかった。彼らの多くは「立派に振る舞った」が、彼は「彼らすべてにまさった」。彼らすべてをしのいだ。「エデンのすべての木は彼をねたんだ」(エゼ 31:9)。彼らは彼と比べられないことを見出したとき、彼がこれほど彼らをはるかにしのいだことに怒り、悲しみ、彼にふさわしい賛辞を密かにねたんだ。何事においても他者にまさる者の不幸は、それによって自分自身をねたみの対象とすることであることに注意せよ。「ねたみの前にだれが立とうか」。3. 彼は役立った。立って成長する杉ができうる限り、そしてそれはその陰によってのみであったが(エゼ 31:6)。「天のすべての鳥」、あらゆる種類の鳥が「その枝に巣を作った」。そこで彼らは天候の害から守られた。「野の獣」は「その若枝」の保護の下に身を置いた。そこで彼らは立ったり、伏せたりした。そこで彼らは「子を産んだ」。そこで彼らは暑さと嵐から天然の隠れ場を持ったからである。すべての意味は、「その陰にすべての大いなる国々が住んだ」。彼らは皆、安全のために彼に逃げ、彼が彼らを保護することを引き受けるなら、彼に忠誠を誓うことを望んだ。夕立の旅行者が避難のために厚い木の下に来るように。力を持つ者は、力を持つ者下にある者の保護と慰めのためにそれを用いるべきであることに注意せよ。それがために彼らは力を委ねられているからである。いばらでさえ、王として油注がれるなら、木々に来て「その陰を信頼する」よう招く(士 9:15)。しかし、被造物が、いやアッシリアの王自身でさえ与えうる最大の安全は、木の陰のようなものである。それは乏しく、か細い保護であり、人を多くの点で晒したままにする。それゆえ保護のために神に逃げよう。神は私たちを「その翼の陰」の下に置かれる。そこでは最も強く、最も立派な杉の陰の下よりも暖かく、安全である(詩 17:8、91:4)。4. 彼はその偉大さと力において定住し、確立されているように見えた。なぜなら。(1)彼を美しくしたのは神であった(エゼ 31:9)。王は彼によって支配するからである。彼は神が置かれた美しさで美しかった。地の偉大な人々の昇進において神の手が見られ、認められなければならないことに注意せよ。それゆえ彼らをねたんではならない。しかしそれは彼らの繁栄の継続を保証しない。彼らに美しさを与えた方は、彼らがそれを奪われるなら、それを醜さに変える方法をご存じだからである。(2)彼は良い基盤を持っているように見えた。この杉は「荒野の-heath」のように、「焼けた場所に住むため」のものではなかった(エレ 17:6)。「乾いた地の根」ではなかった(イザ 53:2)。いや、彼はその力と壮大さを支える豊かな富を持っていた(エゼ 31:4)。「水は彼を大きくした」。彼は膨大な宝庫、大きな蓄えと倉庫を持った。それは彼を高く上げた「淵」であった。税、関税、王領地の地代によって絶えず入ってくる収入は、「彼の植えたものの回りを流れる川々」であった。これらによって彼は至る所で自分の利益を強化し、守ることができた。彼は「小川」あるいは水路を「野のすべての木に」送り、それらに水をやったからである。「王の宮殿から彼らの生活の糧を得」(エズ 4:14)、「彼らの国が王の国によって養われる」(使徒 12:20)とき、彼らは彼に奉仕し、忠実であった。大いなる川のように富が注がれる者は、それを小さな川として再び送り出す義務があると感じる。「財産が増えると、それを食べる者も増える」。人は持てば持つほど、それが必要になる。いや、さらに持てば持つほど、さらに必要になる。この杉の「枝は長くなった」。それらを養う「水の多さ」のゆえに(エゼ 31:5,7)。「その根は大いなる水のそばに」あった。それは「その葉が枯れること」を確実にするように見えた(詩 1:3)。「暑さが来てもそれを見ない」ように(エレ 17:8)。世の人々は確立された繁栄を持っているように見えるかもしれないが、それはただそう見えるだけであることに注意せよ(ヨブ 5:3、詩 37:35)。

영문 원문

The King of Assyria's Greatness (588 BC)

¹ And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, in the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,
² Son of man, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his multitude; Whom art thou like in thy greatness?
³ Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of a high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.
⁴ The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent out her little rivers unto all the trees of the field.
⁵ Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth.
⁶ All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelt all great nations.
⁷ Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.
⁸ The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chestnut-trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty.
⁹ I have made him fair by the multitude of his branches: so that all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied him.

This prophecy bears date the month before Jerusalem was taken, as that in the close of the foregoing chapter about four months before. When God's people were in the depth of their distress, it would be some comfort to them, as it would serve likewise for a check to the pride and malice of their neighbours, that insulted over them, to be told from heaven that the cup was going round, even the cup of trembling, that it would shortly be taken out of the hands of God's people and put into the hands of those that hated them, Isa 51:22,23. In this prophecy,

I. The prophet is directed to put Pharaoh upon searching the records for a case parallel to his own (Eze 31:2): Speak to Pharaoh and to his multitude, to the multitude of his attendants, that contributed so much to his magnificence, and the multitude of his armies, that contributed so much to his strength. These he was proud of, these he put a confidence in; and they were as proud of him and trusted as much in him. Now ask him, Whom art thou like in thy greatness? We are apt to judge of ourselves by comparison. Those that think highly of themselves fancy themselves as great and as good as such and such, that have been mightily celebrated. The flatterers of princes tell them whom they equal in pomp and grandeur. "Well," says God, "let him pitch upon the most famous potentate that ever was, and it shall be allowed that he is like him in greatness and no way inferior to him; but, let him pitch upon whom he will, he will find that his day came to fall; he will see there was an end of all his perfection, and must therefore expect the end of his own in like manner." Note, The falls of others, both into sin and ruin, are intended as admonitions to us not to be secure or high-minded, nor to think we stand out of danger.

II. He is directed to show him an instance of one whom he resembles in greatness, and that was the Assyrian (Eze 31:3), whose monarchy had continued from Nimrod. Sennacherib was one of the mighty princes of that monarchy; but it sunk down soon after him, and the monarchy of Nebuchadnezzar was built upon its ruins, or rather grafted upon its stock. Let us now see what a flourishing prince the king of Assyria was. He is here compared to a stately cedar, Eze 31:3. The glory of the house of David is illustrated by the same similitude, Eze 17:3. The olive-tree, the fig-tree, and the vine, which were all fruit-trees, had refused to be promoted over the trees because they would not leave their fruitfulness (Jdg 9:8, etc.), and therefore the choice falls upon the cedar, that is stately and strong, and casts a great shadow, but bears no fruit. 1. The Assyrian monarch was a tall cedar, such as the cedars in Lebanon generally were, of a high stature, and his top among the thick boughs; he was attended by other princes that were tributaries to him, and was surrounded by a life-guard of brave men. He surpassed all the princes in his neighbourhood; they were all shrubs to him (Eze 31:5): His height was exalted above all the trees of the field; they were many of them very high, but he overtopped them all, Eze 31:8. The cedars, even those in the garden of Eden, which we may suppose were the best of the kind, would not hide him, but his top branches outshot theirs. 2. He was a spreading cedar; his branches did not only run up in height, but run out in breadth, denoting that this mighty prince was not only exalted to great dignity and honour, and had a name above the names of the great men of the earth, but that he obtained great dominion and power; his territories were large, and he extended his conquests far and his influences much further. This cedar, like a vine, sent forth his branches to the sea, to the river, Ps 80:11. His boughs were multiplied; his branches became long (Eze 31:5); so that he had a shadowing shroud, Eze 31:3. This contributed very much to his beauty, that he grew proportionably large as well as high. He was fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches (Eze 31:7), very comely as well as very stately, fair by the multitude of his branches, Eze 31:9. His large dominions were well managed, like a spreading tree that is kept in shape and good order by the skill of the gardener, so as to be very beautiful to the eye. His government was as amiable in the eyes of wise men as it was admirable in the eyes of all men. The fir-trees were not like his boughs, so straight, so green, so regular; nor were the branches of the chestnut-trees like his branches, so thick, so spreading. In short, no tree in the garden of God, in Eden, in Babylon (for that stood where paradise was planted), where there was every tree that was pleasant to the sight (Ge 2:9), was like to this cedar in beauty; that is, in all the surrounding nations there was no prince so much admired, so much courted, and whom every body was so much in love with, as the king of Assyria. Many of them did virtuously, but he excelled them all, outshone them all. All the trees of Eden envied him, Eze 31:9. When they found they could not compare with him they were angry and grieved that he so far outdid them, and secretly grudged him the praise due to him. Note, It is the unhappiness of those who in any thing excel others that thereby they make themselves the objects of envy; and who can stand before envy? 3. He was serviceable, as far as a standing growing cedar could be, and that was only by his shadow (Eze 31:6): All the fowls of heaven, some of all sorts, made their nests in his boughs, where they were sheltered from the injuries of the weather. The beasts of the field put themselves under the protection of his branches. There they were levant—rising up, and couchant—lying down; there they brought forth their young; for they had there a natural covert from the heat and from the storm. The meaning of all is, Under his shadow dwelt all great nations; they all fled to him for safety, and were willing to swear allegiance to him if he would undertake to protect them, as travellers in a shower come under thick trees for shelter. Note, Those who have power ought to use it for the protection and comfort of those whom they have power over; for to that end they are entrusted with power. Even the bramble, if he be anointed king, invites the trees to come and trust in his shadow, Jdg 9:15. But the utmost security that any creature, even the king of Assyria himself, can give, is but like the shadow of a tree, which is but a scanty and slender protection, and leaves a man many ways exposed. Let us therefore flee to God for protection, and he will take us under the shadow of his wings, where we shall be warmer and safer than under the shadow of the strongest and stateliest cedar, Ps 17:8,91:4. 4. He seemed to be settled and established in his greatness and power. For, (1.) It was God that made him fair, Eze 31:9. For by him kings reign. He was comely with the comeliness that God put upon him. Note, God's hand must be eyed and owned in the advancement of the great men of the earth, and therefore we must not envy them; yet that will not secure the continuance of their prosperity, for he that gave them their beauty, if they be deprived of it, knows how to turn it into deformity. (2.) He seemed to have a good bottom. This cedar was not like the heath in the desert, made to inhabit the parched places (Jer 17:6); it was not a root in a dry ground, Isa 53:2. No; he had abundance of wealth to support his power and grandeur (Eze 31:4): The waters made him great; he had vast treasures, large stores and magazines, which were as the deep that set him up on high, constant revenues coming in by taxes, customs, and crown-rents, which were as rivers running round about his plants; these enabled him to strengthen and secure his interests every where, for he sent out his little rivers, or conduits, to all the trees of the field, to water them; and when they had maintenance from the king's palace (Ezr 4:14), and their country was nourished by the king's country (Ac 12:20), they would be serviceable and faithful to him. Those that have wealth flowing upon them in great rivers find themselves obliged to send it out again in little rivers; for, as goods are increased, those are increased that eat them, and the more men have the more occasion they have for it; yea, and still the more they have occasion for. The branches of this cedar became long, because of the multitude of waters which fed them (Eze 31:5,7); his root was by great waters, which seemed to secure it that its leaf should never wither (Ps 1:3), that it should not see when heat came, Jer 17:8. Note, Worldly people may seem to have an established prosperity, yet it only seems so, Job 5:3, Ps 37:35.

10-18

The King of Assyria's Downfall; The Fall of Assyria (588 BC)

본문 열기

日本語

アッシリヤの王の没落。アッシリヤの滅亡(紀元前588年)

¹⁰ それゆえ、主なる神はこう言われる。あなたが高さにおいて高ぶり、その頂が茂った枝の中に芽を出し、その心がその高さにおいて高ぶったからである。
¹¹ それゆえ、私は彼を異邦人の力ある者の手に引き渡した。彼は必ず彼に従って扱う。私は彼をその悪のゆえに追い出した。
¹² 異邦人の恐るべき者たち、国々の者が彼を切り倒し、彼を捨てた。山々の上ですべての谷においてその枝は落ち、その小枝は地のすべての川によって折られた。地のすべての民はその陰から下り、彼を捨てた。
¹³ その廃墟の上に天のすべての鳥は住みつき、野のすべての獣はその枝の上に来る。
¹⁴ これは、水のほとりのすべての木がその高さのゆえに高ぶらず、茂った枝の中にその頂を上らせず、水を飲むすべての木がその高さにおいて立たないためである。彼らはみな死に渡され、穴に下る者たちと共に、人の子たちの真ん中で、地の低い所に下るからである。
¹⁵ 主なる神はこう言われる。彼が墓に下った日に、私は哀悼させた。私は彼のために大水を覆い、その洪水をせき止め、大いなる水を止めた。私はレバノンに彼のために嘆かせ、野のすべての木を彼のために弱らせた。
¹⁶ 私が彼を穴に下る者たちと共に地獄に投げ打ったとき、彼の倒れる音によって私は諸国民を揺り動かした。エデンのすべての木、レバノンの選ばれた最良のもの、水を飲むすべての者は、地の低い所で慰められる。
¹⁷ 彼らもまた、彼と共に剣で殺された者たちのところに地獄に下った。彼の腕であった者たち、異邦人の真ん中でその陰に住んでいた者たちも。
¹⁸ エデンの木々の中で、栄光と偉大さにおいてあなたはだれにこのようによく似ているのか。しかしあなたもエデンの木々と共に地の低い所に引き下ろされる。あなたは割礼なき者たちの真ん中に、剣で殺された者たちと共に横たわる。これはパロとそのすべての群衆である。主なる神の御ことば。

私たちはエジプトの王が豪華さ、力、繁栄においてアッシリヤの王に似ていること、その偉大さにおいて彼にどれほど似ていたかを見た。さてここで、

一、彼が彼と同じように誇りにおいても似ていることを見る(エゼ 31:10)。というのも、鏡の中で顔が顔に答えるように、一つの腐った肉の心は別のものに答えるからである。そしてある者が打ち負かされる繁栄した状態の同じ誘惑は、他の多くの者にとっても致命的である。「おおエジプトの王よ。『あなたは高さにおいて高ぶった』」。自分の富と力を誇った(エゼ 29:3)。まさにその通りに「彼」(すなわちアッシリヤの王) は、その「頂を茂った枝の中に芽を出した」とき、その「心」はすぐさま「その高さにおいて高ぶり」、彼は無礼で尊大になり、神ご自身に挑み、神の民を踏みつけた。「大いなる王、アッシリヤの王」がヒゼキヤに送ったことばと手紙がそれを証しする(イザ 36:4)。彼がいかに傲慢に自分と自分の業績について語るか。あの偉大で良き人についていかに軽蔑的に。エジプト人とアッシリヤ人が一致していた他の罪もあった。特に神の民を圧迫したこと。これは彼ら両者に共に帰せられる(イザ 52:4)。しかしここでその罪はその原因にまで遡られる。それは誇りであった。というのも「彼らが満ちているのは誇る者の軽蔑」だからである。注意。人々の外面的状態が上がるとき、彼らの心は通常それと共に上がる。そして偉大な高挙の中にへりくだった霊を見出すことは非常に稀である。

二、それゆえに彼が没落においても彼に似ること。そしてこの比較のこの部分の解明のために、

1. ここにアッシリヤの王の没落の歴史がある。彼の部分について、神は言う(エゼ 31:11)。「それゆえ、彼がこのように高ぶったので、私は『彼を異邦人の力ある者の手に引き渡した』」。メディヤの王キュアクサレスは、その治世の第二十六年、バビロンの王ネブカデレザルの治世の第一年に、ニネベを破壊し、それと共にアッシリヤ帝国を破壊した。ネブカデレザルは、当時はまだそうではなかったが、後に非常に力強く「異邦人の力ある者」となった。彼らの中で最も力強く、彼らの上で最も力強く、彼らに打ち勝つ。

(1.) アッシリヤの没落に関して三つのことが断言される。[1.] 彼の滅亡を命じるのは神ご自身である。「私は彼を処刑者の『手に引き渡した』。私は彼を『追い出した』」。注意。神は裁き主であり、一方を下し、他方を上げる(詩 75:7)。そしてご自身の望むとき、最も深く根を下ろしていると思い、他の者にもそう見える者を根絶やしにし、追い出すことができる。そして異邦人の最も力強い者たちも、全能者自身が彼らの手に引き渡さなければ、争う相手に対して目的を達することはできなかった。[2.] 彼の滅亡をもたらすのは彼自身の罪である。「私は彼の悪のゆえに彼を追い出した」。栄誉、力、所有物から追い出されるのは、すべて「その悪のゆえ」である。私たちの慰めが失われるのは、それが千回も失われる資格を失った場合だけである。悪者が「追いやられる」のは、「その悪のゆえ」である。[3.] 彼の滅亡の器となるのは「異邦人の力ある者」である。神はしばしば一人の悪者を別の者を罰するために用いられる。「彼は必ず彼に従って扱う」。彼が偉大であっても、彼をどう扱うかを知る。注意。誇り高ぶった尊大な者は、遅かれ早かれ、自分に匹敵する者に会う。

(2.) このアッシリヤの没落の歴史において、観察せよ。[1.] 杉の比喩の継続。彼は非常に高く成長し、その小枝を非常に遠くまで伸ばした。しかし彼の倒れる日が来る。「第一に」、この立派な杉は切り倒された。「国々の恐るべき者たちが彼を切り倒した」。兵士たち。武装し、殺し、滅ぼすことを委託された者は、「国々の恐るべき者たち」と数えられてよい。彼らはまずその枝を切り落とした。彼の支配の一部を押収し、彼の手から奪い取った。それゆえ国々のすべての「山々」や「谷」において、「すべての川」のほとりに、アッシリヤ君主制から切り離された都市や国があった。かつてそれに従属していたが、反逆するか、それから回復された。その羽は借りたものであった。そしてすべての鳥が自分のものを取り戻したとき、それは木の切り株のように裸であった。「第二に」、それは見捨てられた。「地のすべての民」、かつて避難のために彼に逃れた者たちは、「その陰から下り、彼を捨てた」。彼が彼らに保護を与えることができなくなったとき、彼らはもはや彼に忠誠を負っていないと考えた。偉大な人たちは、自分に付き従い、自分に依存する者の数を誇ってはならない。それは彼らが得ることができるもののためだけである。摂理が彼らにしかめ面をするとき、彼らの従者はまもなく彼らから散らされ、散らされる。「第三に」、それは侮辱され、その没落が喜ばれた(エゼ 31:13)。「その廃墟の上に天のすべての鳥は住みつく」。この杉の折られた枝を踏みつけるために。その没落は他の木々によって喜ばれる。彼らは自分たちがこれほど見下ろされたことに怒っていた。「エデンのすべての木」、彼の前で切り倒され、倒れていたもの、「天の雨の水を飲むすべてのもの」。残された木の切り株が「天の露で潤い」(ダニ 4:23)、「水の香りを通じて芽吹く」(ヨブ 14:9)と言われるように、「地の低い所で慰められる」。この誇り高き杉が自分たちと同じほど低く引き下ろされるのを見るとき。「苦しむ者にとって嘆きの仲間を持つことは慰めである」。しかし逆に、レバノンの木々、まだその高さと強さに立っているものは、「彼のために嘆き」、「野の木々は彼のために弱った」。彼らが彼の没落に自分自身の運命を読まずにはいられなかったからである。「杉が揺らぐなら、モミの木よ、ほえよ」。彼らは長く立つことを期待できない(ゼカ 11:2)。[2.] 杉の比喩の説明。この杉の切り倒しによって、この力強い君主とそのすべての支持者と追従者の虐殺が意味される。彼らはみな「死に渡され」、剣に倒れる。斧による杉のように。彼と、彼が「みな王である」と言った君たちは、「人の子たちの真ん中で」、「地の低い所」、墓に下る。資格や区別のない普通の人々のように。「彼らは人のように死んだ」(詩 82:7)。「穴に下る者たち」と共に運び去られ、その豪華さは彼らを守らず、彼らの「後に下る」こともなかった。再び(エゼ 31:16)、彼は「穴に下る者たちと共に地獄に投げ打たれた」。彼は死者の状態に入り、他の者のように不明瞭と埋葬された。再び(エゼ 31:17)、「彼の腕であった者たち」、彼が頼み、彼らによって行動し、力を振るった者たち、「その陰に住んでいた者たち」、その臣民と同盟者、彼に何らかの依存のあったすべての者、彼らはみな「剣で殺された者たち」、彼らの前に時ならぬ死によって断ち切られた者たちのところに、咎と恥の重荷の下で、破滅に、墓に「下った」。偉大な人々が倒れるとき、多くの者が彼らと共に倒れる。同様に多くの者が彼らの前に倒れているように。[3.] 神がこの力強い君主とその君主制を引き下ろすことにおいて意図し、目指したもの。神はそれによって、「第一に」周囲の国民に警鐘を与え、彼らをすべて立ち止まらせ、彼らをすべて見つめさせることを意図された(エゼ 31:16)。「私は彼の倒れる音によって諸国民を揺り動かした」。彼らはみな、これほど力強い君がこのように引き下ろされるのを見て驚きに打たれた。それは彼らのすべての信頼に衝撃を与え、誰もが自分の番が次だと思った。「彼が墓に下った」(エゼ 31:15)「とき、私は哀悼させた」。一般的な哀悼。王の死にあたり王国全体が喪に服すように。この一般的な悲しみのしるしとして、「私は彼のために大水を覆った」。それを黒に変え、業務を停止させた。この普遍的な哀悼に配慮して。「私は洪水をせき止め、大いなる水は止まった」。それらが別の水路、嘆きの水路に流れ込むように。レバノン、特にシリヤの王国、かつてアッシリヤと同盟していたものは、彼のために嘆いた。バビロンの同盟者のように(黙 18:9)。「第二に」周囲の国民とその王たちに訓戒を与えること(エゼ 31:14)。「これは、水のほとりのすべての木」、たとえどんなに有利な位置にあっても、「その高さのゆえに高ぶらず」、誇り高ぶらず、「茂った枝の中にその頂を上らせず」、他者を見下すように、「その高さにおいて立たない」ため。決して引き下ろされないかのように、自分自身の政治と力に信頼する。彼らにみなアッシリヤ人によって警告させよ。彼はかつて彼らのいずれと同じほど高く頭を上げ、同じほどしっかりと足場を保っていると思った。しかしかれの誇りは彼の破滅の前にあり、彼の信頼は彼を裏切った。注意。誇り高ぶった者の没落は、他の者にへりくだりを保つよう警告するためのものである。アッシリヤ人を引き下ろすのに自ら積極的であったネブカデレザルにとって、その訓戒を受け取っていたなら、それは良かったであろう。

2. ここに同じようなエジプトの王の没落の預言がある(エゼ 31:18)。彼はアッシリヤ人に「栄光と偉大さにおいて」、ひのきが低木を見下ろすように、「エデンのすべての木」を見下ろすと思っていた。「しかしあなたも」、エデンのように目に喜ばしい他の木々と共に「引き下ろされる」。「あなたは墓に、地の低い所に引き下ろされる」。「あなたは割礼なき者たちの真ん中に横たわる」。彼らはその汚れの中で死に、不名誉に死に、のろいの下で、神から遠く離れて死ぬ。そのときあなたが踏みつけた者たちがあなたの上に勝ち誇り、言う。「これはパロとそのすべての群衆である」。彼がどれほど卑しく見えるか、どれほど低く横たわるかを見よ。彼のすべての豪華さと誇りが何になったかを見よ。これが彼に残されたすべてである。注意。偉大な人々と偉大な群衆は、世界において偉大な存在感と偉大な騒ぎを立てるが、神が彼らと争うために来られるとき、まもなく小さく、無に等しくなる。パロとそのすべての群衆のように。

영문 원문

The King of Assyria's Downfall; The Fall of Assyria (588 BC)

¹⁰ Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;
¹¹ I have therefore delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness.
¹² And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.
¹³ Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches:
¹⁴ To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.
¹⁵ Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when he went down to the grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.
¹⁶ I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth.
¹⁷ They also went down into hell with him unto them that be slain with the sword; and they that were his arm, that dwelt under his shadow in the midst of the heathen.
¹⁸ To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shalt thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with them that be slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.

We have seen the king of Egypt resembling the king of Assyria in pomp, and power, and prosperity, how like he was to him in his greatness; now here we see,

I. How he does likewise resemble him in his pride, Eze 31:10. For, as face answers to face in a glass, so does one corrupt carnal heart to another; and the same temptations of a prosperous state by which some are overcome are fatal to many others too. "Thou, O king of Egypt! hast lifted up thyself in height, hast been proud of thy wealth and power, Eze 29:3. And just so he (that is, the king of Assyria); when he had shot up his top among the thick boughs his heart was immediately lifted up in his height, and he grew insolent and imperious, set God himself at defiance, and trampled upon his people;" witness the messages and letter which the great king, the king of Assyria, sent to Hezekiah, Isa 36:4. How haughtily does he speak of himself and his own achievements! how scornfully of that great and good man! There were other sins in which the Egyptians and the Assyrians did concur, particularly that of oppressing God's people, which is charged upon them both together (Isa 52:4); but here that sin is traced up to its cause, and that was pride; for it is the contempt of the proud that they are filled with. Note, When men's outward condition rises their minds commonly rise with it; and it is very rare to find a humble spirit in the midst of great advancements.

II. How he shall therefore resemble him in his fall; and for the opening of this part of the comparison,

1. Here is a history of the fall of the king of Assyria. For his part, says God (Eze 31:11), I have therefore, because he was thus lifted up, delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen. Cyaxares, king of the Medes, in the twenty-sixth year of his reign, in conjunction with Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon in the first year of his reign, destroyed Nineveh, and with it the Assyrian empire. Nebuchadnezzar, though he was not then, yet afterwards became, very emphatically, the mighty one of the heathen, most mighty among them and most mighty over them, to prevail against them.

(1.) Respecting the fall of the Assyrian three things are affirmed:—[1.] It is God himself that orders his ruin: I have delivered him into the hand of the executioner; I have driven him out. Note, God is the Judge, who puts down one and sets up another (Ps 75:7); and when he pleases he can extirpate and expel those who think themselves, and seem to others, to have taken deepest root. And the mightiest ones of the heathens could not gain their point against those they contended with if the Almighty did not himself deliver them into their hands. [2.] It is his own sin that procures his ruin: I have driven him out for his wickedness. None are driven out from their honour, power, and possessions, but it is for their wickedness. None of our comforts are ever lost but what have been a thousand times forfeited. If the wicked are driven away, it is in their wickedness. [3.] It is a mighty one of the heathen that shall be the instrument of his ruin; for God often employs one wicked man in punishing another. He shall surely deal with him, shall know how to manage him, great as he is. Note, Proud imperious men will, sooner or later, meet with their match.

(2.) In this history of the fall of the Assyrian observe, [1.] A continuation of the similitude of the cedar. He grew very high, and extended his boughs very far; but his day comes to fall. First, This stately cedar was cropped: The terrible of the nations cut him off. Soldiers, who being both armed and commissioned to kill, and slay, and destroy, may well be reckoned among the terrible of the nations. They have lopped off his branches first, have seized upon some parts of his dominion and forced them out of his hands; so that in all mountains and valleys of the nations about, in the high-lands and low-lands, and by all the rivers, there were cities or countries that were broken off from the Assyrian monarchy, that had been subject to it, but had either revolted or were recovered from it. Its feathers were borrowed; and, when every bird had fetched back its own, it was naked like the stump of a tree. Secondly, It was deserted: All the people of the earth, that had fled to him for shelter, have gone down from his shadow and have left him. When he was disabled to give them protection they thought they no longer owed him allegiance. Let not great men be proud of the number of those that attend them and have a dependence upon them; it is only for what they can get. When Providence frowns upon them their retinue is soon dispersed and scattered from them. Thirdly, It was insulted over, and its fall triumphed in (Eze 31:13): Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, to tread upon the broken branches of this cedar. Its fall is triumphed in by the other trees, who were angry to see themselves overtopped so much: All the trees of Eden, that were cut down and had fallen before him, all that drank water of the rain of heaven, as the stump of the tree that is left in the south is said to be wet with the dew of heaven (Da 4:23) and to bud through the scent of water (Job 14:9), shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth when they see this proud cedar brought as low as themselves. Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris—To have companions in woe is a solace to those who suffer. But, on the contrary, the trees of Lebanon, that are yet standing in their height and strength, mourned for him, and the trees of the field fainted for him, because they could not but read their own destiny in his fall. Howl, fir-trees, if the cedar be shaken, for they cannot expect to stand long, Zec 11:2. [2.] An explanation of the similitude of the cedar. By the cutting down of this cedar is signified the slaughter of this mighty monarch and all his adherents and supporters; they are all delivered to death, to fall by the sword, as the cedar by the axe. He and his princes, who, he said, were altogether kings, go down to the grave, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, as common persons of no quality or distinction. They died like men (Ps 82:7); they were carried away with those that go down to the pit, and their pomp did neither protect them nor descend after them. Again (Eze 31:16), He was cast down to hell with those that descend into the pit; he went into the state of the dead, and was buried as others are, in obscurity and oblivion. Again (Eze 31:17), They all that were his arm, on whom he stayed, by whom he acted and exerted his power, all that dwelt under his shadow, his subjects and allies, and all that had any dependence on him, they all went down into ruin, down into the grace with him, unto those that were slain with the sword, to those that were cut off by untimely deaths before them, under the load of guilt and shame. When great men fall a great many fall with them, as a great many in like manner have fallen before them. [3.] What God designed, and aimed at, in bringing down this mighty monarch and his monarchy. He designed thereby, First, To give an alarm to the nations about, to put them all to a stand, to put them all to a gaze (Eze 31:16): I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall. They were all struck with astonishment to see so mighty a prince brought down thus. It give a shock to all their confidences, every one thinking his turn would be next. When he went down to the grave (Eze 31:15) I caused a mourning, a general lamentation, as the whole kingdom goes into mourning at the death of the king. In token of this general grief, I covered the deep for him, put that into black, gave a stop to business, in complaisance to this universal mourning. I restrained the floods, and the great waters were stayed, that they might run into another channel, that of lamentation. Lebanon particularly, the kingdom of Syria, that was sometimes in confederacy with the Assyrian, mourned for him; as the allies of Babylon, Re 18:9. Secondly, To give an admonition to the nations about, and to their kings (Eze 31:14): To the end that none of all the trees by the waters, though ever so advantageously situated, may exalt themselves for their height, may be proud and conceited of themselves and shoot up their top among the thick boughs, looking disdainfully upon others, nor stand upon themselves for their height, confiding in their own politics and powers, as if they could never be brought down. Let them all take warning by the Assyrian, for he once held up his head as high, and thought he kept his footing as firm, as any of them; but his pride went before his destruction, and his confidence failed him. Note, The fall of proud presumptuous men is intended for warning to others to keep humble. It would have been well for Nebuchadnezzar, who was himself active in bringing down the Assyrian, if he had taken the admonition.

2. Here is a prophecy of the fall of the king of Egypt in like manner, Eze 31:18. He thought himself like the Assyrian in glory and greatness, over-topping all the trees of Eden, as the cypress does the shrubs. "But thou also shalt be brought down, with the other trees that are pleasant to the sight, as those in Eden. Thou shalt be brought to the grave, to the nether or lower parts of the earth; thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, that die in their uncleanness, die ingloriously, die under a curse and at a distance from God; then shall those whom thou hast trampled upon triumph over thee, saying, This is Pharaoh and all his multitude. See how mean he looks, how low he lies; see what all his pomp and pride have come to; here is all that is left of him." Note, Great men and great multitudes, with the great figure and great noise they make in the world, when God comes to contend with them, will soon become little, less than nothing, such as Pharaoh and all his multitude.