Genesis Capítulo 40

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Genesis 40:1

简体中文

那酒政与膳长——法老朝廷中的高官——触怒了他们的君王。"在护卫长府内。"看来这位官员的府邸中，设有拘押约瑟与这些罪犯的监牢。"派约瑟伺候他们。"由于约瑟是他的奴仆，而这些是国家囚犯，他便派约瑟伺候他们。在约瑟囚居监牢期间，他在那位官员心中的声誉大概已有所恢复。

Original em inglês

The chief butler and chief baker, high officials in Pharaoh's court, come under the displeasure of their sovereign. "In the house of the captain of the guards." It appears that this officer's establishment contained the keep in which Joseph and these criminals were confined. "Charged Joseph with them." As Joseph was his slave, and these were state prisoners, he appointed him to wait upon them. It is probable that Joseph's character had been somewhat re-established with him during his residence in the prison.

Genesis 40:5

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简体中文

这些囚犯作了梦，“各梦都有讲解”，梦中的意象正适于预示他们各自将来的境况。他们愁闷——急于知道这些印象深刻的梦的含义。“你们今日为什么面带愁容呢？”约瑟保持着率直而沉着的品格。“解梦不是出于神吗？”他从过去的经历中学到，梦本身就是出于神。而当他接着说“请你们将梦告诉我”时，他是在暗示神会使他能解他们的梦。他在这里再次使用了神的一般名称，这是他与外邦人共用的。

Original em inglês

These prisoners dream, "each according to the interpretation of his dream," the imagery of which was suited to indicate his future state. They were sad - anxious to know the meaning of these impressive dreams. "Why are your forces bad today?" Joseph keeps up his character of frank composure. "Do not interpretations belong to God?" In his past history he had learned that dreams themselves come from God. And when he adds, "Tell them now to me," he intimates that God would enable him to interpret their dreams. Here again he uses the general name of God, which was common to him with the pagan.

Genesis 40:9

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酒政这时讲述他的梦。“挤在法老的杯里。”梦中的意象并不是要暗示法老只喝新挤的葡萄汁。它只是以自然的图景表达酒的来源，或许也表达了酒政的职责——明白并监督酿酒的整个过程。埃及不仅是产五谷的国，也是产葡萄的国。这梦的解释十分明显而自然；然而若没有神的指示，就无人能知道“三根枝子就是三天”。约瑟怀着平静的信心，相信自己的解释必应验，就恳求酒政记念他，设法使他获释。“我实在是被拐来的。”他向酒政保证，自己不是罪犯，他被卖为奴乃是不义的强暴之举——是以强权施行的抢夺。“从希伯来人之地”——这是一个非常值得注意的说法，因为它有力地支持了希伯来人在迦南人占据那地之前就住在那地的推想。“我在这里也没有做什么”——约瑟申明自己无罪，并要求获释——不是当作不配得的恩惠，而是当作正当的权利。“坑”。无水之坑似乎原是囚禁罪犯的原始场所。

Original em inglês

The chief butler now recites his dream. "Pressed them into Pharaoh's cup." The imagery of the dream is not intended to intimate that Pharaoh drank only the fresh juice of the grape. It only expresses by a natural figure the source of wine, and possibly the duty of the chief butler to understand and superintend the whole process of its formation. Egypt was not only a corn, but a vine country. The interpretation of this dream was very obvious and natural; yet not without a divine intimation could it be known that the "three branches were three days." Joseph, in the quiet confidence that his interpretation would prove correct, begs the chief butler to remember him and endeavor to procure his release. "Stolen, stolen was I." He assures him that he was not a criminal, and that his enslavement was an act of wrongful violence - a robbery by the strong hand. "From the land of the Hebrews;" a very remarkable expression, as it strongly favors the presumption that the Hebrews inhabited the country before Kenaan took possession of it. "I have not done aught." Joseph pleads innocence, and claims liberation, not as an unmerited favor, but as a right. "The pit." The pit without water seems to have been the primitive place of confinement for culprits.

Genesis 40:16

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膳长见这解梦得了鼓励，便说出自己的梦。“我也。”他从两个梦显著的相似预期会有吉利的解答。“在我头上。”从埃及的纪念碑看来，男子把物件顶在头上携行乃是当时的习俗。“烤的各样食物”也是产粮之地的特征。“把你的头从你身上取去。”解梦的这一部分证明它出于神。并且把你挂起来——即斩首之后的身体。这对一切观看的人是常存的警戒。

Original em inglês

The chief baker is encouraged by this interpretation to tell his dream. "I also." He anticipates a favorable answer, from the remarkable likeness of the dreams. "On my head." It appears from the monuments of Egypt that it was the custom for men to carry articles on their heads. "All manner of baked meats" were also characteristic of a corn country. "Lift up thy head from upon thee." This part of the interpretation proves its divine origin. And hang thee - thy body, after being beheaded. This was a constant warning to all beholders.

Genesis 40:20

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这些解释证明是正确的。“法老的生日。”生命既是纯粹而积极的福分，人以感恩庆祝自己出生的日子，就是自然又合宜的事。仁慈的创造主只把幸福而宝贵的存在形式，赐给那些蒙他赋予能力以估量其价值的人。生日筵席不能没有酒政和膳长，因此这两名罪犯的命运必须迅速决定。“抬起头来”，这是一语双关的说法。酒政却不记念约瑟。在这下面的世界里，这是常有的事。但在上面有一位并不忘记他。他必在合宜的时候搭救他。

约瑟被高举

יאר ye'or，“河，运河，”多用于尼罗河。有人认为这个词是科普特语。
אחוּ 'āchû，“莎草，苇草，沼泽草。”这个词大概也是科普特语。
חרטמים charṭumı̂ym，ἐξηγηταὶ exēgētai，ἱερογραμματεῖς hierogrammateis，“圣书吏，圣书文字。”חרט chereṭ，“铁笔，”一种雕刻工具。
אברך 'abrēk，“跪下。”在这个意义上，它被用来代替הברך habrēk，即ברך bārak的 hiphil 命令式。那些把这词看作科普特语的人对它有各种译法——“全都下拜，低下头，俯伏在地。”
פענח <צפנת tsāpenat-pa‛nēach，撒发那忒·巴内亚（Tsaphenath-pa'neach），在七十士译本中作ψονθομ-φανήχ Psonthom-Fanēch。“隐秘事的揭示者”（Revelator occulti），Kimchi。这基于一种试图从希伯来语推导词源的做法。牛津抄本作Σωτήρ κόσμου Sōtēr kosmou，“世界的保存者”（servator mundi），耶柔米（Jerome）。这些都指向一个科普特语源。近代埃及学家给出的形式是P-sont-em-ph-anh，即“生命或世界的救恩”。这是一个格调崇高的头衔，与东方式的用语习惯十分相称。אסנת 'âsnath，亚西纳（Asenath），或许意即“属于奈特的”，或“奈特的敬拜者”；奈特是一位与希腊人的雅典娜相当的女神。פוטי פרע pôṭı̂y-pera‛，波提非拉（Potiphera'），似乎是פוטיפר Pôṭı̂yphar、波提乏（Potiphar）的一种变体（Genesis 37:36）。אן 'ôn或און 'ôn，安（On）等于Oein，“光，太阳；”在纪念碑上作TA-RA，“太阳之家。”ביתשׁמשׁ bêyth shemesh（Jeremiah 43:13），即希利奥波利斯（Heliopolis），在孟菲斯以北，尼罗河的东岸。
מנשׁה menasheh，玛拿西（Menasheh），“使之忘记。”
אפרים 'eprâyı̂m，以法莲（Ephraim），“双倍的果实。”

在这里，法老的两个梦由约瑟解明，他因此被高举，治理埃及全地。

Original em inglês

The interpretations prove correct. "The birthday of Pharaoh." It is natural and proper for men to celebrate with thanksgiving the day of their birth, as life is a pure and positive blessing. The benign Creator gives only a happy and precious form of existence to those whom he endows with the capacity of estimating its value. A birthday feast cannot be without a chief butler and a chief baker, and hence, the fate of these criminals must be promptly decided. "Lifted up the head;" a phrase of double meaning. The chief butler remembers not Joseph. This is a case of frequent occurrence in this nether world. But there is One above who does not forget him. He will deliver him at the proper time.

Joseph Was Exalted

יאר ye'or, "river, canal," mostly applied to the Nile. Some suppose the word to be Coptic.
אחוּ 'āchû, "sedge, reed-grass, marsh-grass." This word is probably Coptic.
חרטמים charṭumı̂ym, ἐξηγηταὶ exēgētai, ἱερογραμματεῖς hierogrammateis, "sacred scribes, hieroglyphs." חרט chereṭ "stylus," a graving tool.
אברך 'abrēk "bend the knee." In this sense it is put for הברך habrēk imperative hiphil of ברך bārak. Those who take the word to be Coptic render it variously - "bow all, bow the head, cast thyself down."
פענח <צפנת tsāpenat-pa‛nēach, Tsaphenath-pa'neach, in the Septuagint ψονθομ-φανήχ Psonthom-Fanēch. "Revelator occulti," Kimchi. This is founded on an attempted Hebrew derivation. Σωτήρ κόσμου Sōtēr kosmou in Oxford MS., "servator mundi," Jerome. These point to a Coptic origin. Recent Egyptologists give P-sont-em-ph-anh, "the-salvation-of-the-life or world." This is a high-flowing title, in keeping with Eastern phraseology. אסנת 'âsnath, Asenath, perhaps belonging to Neith, or worshipper of Neith, a goddess corresponding to Athene of the Greeks. פוטי פרע pôṭı̂y-pera‛, Potiphera', seems to be a variation of פוטיפר Pôṭı̂yphar, Potiphar Genesis 37:36. אן 'ôn or און 'ôn, On equals Oein, "light, sun;" on the monuments TA-RA, "house of the sun." ביתשׁמשׁ bêyth shemesh, Jeremiah 43:13, Heliopolis, north of Memphis, on the east bank of the Nile.
מנשׁה menasheh, Menasheh, "causing to forget."
אפרים 'eprâyı̂m Ephraim, "double fruit."

Here we have the double dream of Pharaoh interpreted by Joseph, in consequence of which he is elevated over all the land of Egypt.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible · Genesis Capítulo 40