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1 Samuel Capítulo 14
1
1Sa 14:1-14.
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Original em inglês
1Sa 14:1-14.
JONATHAN MIRACULOUSLY SMITES THE PHILISTINES' GARRISON.
1. the Philistines' garrison--"the standing camp"
(1Sa 13:23,
Margin) "in the passage of Michmash"
(1Sa 13:16),
now Wady Es-Suweinit. "It begins in the neighborhood of Betin (Beth-el) and El-Bireh (Beetroth), and as it breaks through the ridge below these places, its sides form precipitous walls. On the right, about a quarter of an acre below, it again breaks off, and passes between high perpendicular precipices" [ROBINSON].
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2. 掃羅在基比亞的盡邊——希伯來文作「迦巴」；他與撒母耳和大祭司亞希亞一同紮營在便雅憫領土中一個錐形或球形山丘的頂上——這種山丘很多，適合紮營——名叫密抹（「懸崖」）。
Original em inglês
2. Saul tarried in the uttermost part of Gibeah--Hebrew, "Geba"; entrenched, along with Samuel and Ahiah the high priest, on the top of one of the conical or spherical hills which abound in the Benjamite territory, and favorable for an encampment, called Migron ("a precipice").
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4節. 在隘口之間. 即 Suweinit 那又深又大的峽谷。
約拿單要從隘口過到非利士防營那裏. 距離約三英里，在兩處崎嶇的尖地之間；希伯來文作「懸崖之齒」。
這邊有一峰巖石，那邊也有一峰巖石……播薛. （「發光」之意），因白堊岩的外觀而得名。
西尼. （「荊棘」之意），大概因頂上有一棵孤零零的皂莢木而得名。這是附近一帶唯一的那種岩石，朝密抹那峭岩之頂被非利士人佔據為哨所。兩營彼此相望；正是沿著這座孤立高地的陡峭岩坡，約拿單和拿兵器的人
(1Sa 14:6) 作了冒險的接近。這一壯舉是史冊或傳奇中所載最英勇的事之一。僅就行動本身而言，它是輕率的，違背了一切既定的軍紀——軍紀不容許士兵未得將領之命而爭戰或從事任何可能帶來重大後果的行動。
Original em inglês
4. between the passages--that is, the deep and great ravine of Suweinit.
Jonathan sought to go over unto the Philistines' garrison--a distance of about three miles running between two jagged points; Hebrew, "teeth of the cliff."
there was a sharp rock on the one side, and a sharp rock on the other side . . . Bozez--("shining") from the aspect of the chalky rock.
Seneh--("the thorn") probably from a solitary acacia on its top. They are the only rocks of the kind in this vicinity; and the top of the crag towards Michmash was occupied as the post of the Philistines. The two camps were in sight of each other; and it was up the steep rocky sides of this isolated eminence that Jonathan and his armorbearer
(1Sa 14:6)
made their adventurous approach. This enterprise is one of the most gallant that history or romance records. The action, viewed in itself, was rash and contrary to all established rules of military discipline, which do not permit soldiers to fight or to undertake any enterprise that may involve important consequences without the order of the generals.
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6. 或者耶和華為我們施展能力——這話並不暗示懷疑；它只是表示他所瞄準的目標不在他自己的能力之內——而是倚靠神——而且他既不期望靠自己的力量也不靠自己的功勞而成功。
Original em inglês
6. it may be that the Lord will work for us--This expression did not imply a doubt; it signified simply that the object he aimed at was not in his own power--but it depended upon God--and that he expected success neither from his own strength nor his own merit.
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9, 10. 他們若說：你們上到我們這裡來；我們就上去，因為耶和華將他們交在我們手裡了——當約拿單在此似乎在規定一個神旨意的記號或憑據時，我們可以推斷，那感動這項事業的同一位靈，也提示了其執行的方式，並將當向神求甚麼放在他心裡。（見
Ge 24:12
的註釋)。
Original em inglês
9, 10. if they say, Come up unto us; then we will go up: for the Lord hath delivered them into our hand--When Jonathan appears here to prescribe a sign or token of God's will, we may infer that the same spirit which inspired this enterprise suggested the means of its execution, and put into his heart what to ask of God. (See on
Ge 24:12).
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11. 看哪，希伯來人從藏的洞裡出來了——哨兵不可能想到兩個人帶著敵意而來，因此自然的結論是他們是以色列的逃兵。因此沒有人試圖阻止他們上來，或用石頭打他們。
Original em inglês
11. Behold, the Hebrews come forth out of the holes--As it could not occur to the sentries that two men had come with hostile designs, it was a natural conclusion that they were Israelite deserters. And hence no attempt was made to hinder their ascent, or stone them.
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14, 15. 約拿單和拿兵器的人所殺的，約有二十人，在一畝地的半溝之間——這是一種非常古老的計量方式，至今仍在東方存在。那些看見他們攀爬岩石的人已經被驚奇擊殺，二十具屍體的景象會向其他人暗示他們受到了大批軍隊的攻擊。這次冒險的成功得到了一場臨到敵人之恐慌的幫助——這恐慌由突然的驚奇和地震的震撼共同造成。這壯舉由約拿單的信心開始並成就，而結果出於神。
Original em inglês
14, 15. that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armour-bearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow--This was a very ancient mode of measurement, and it still subsists in the East. The men who saw them scrambling up the rock had been surprised and killed, and the spectacle of twenty corpses would suggest to others that they were attacked by a numerous force. The success of the adventure was aided by a panic that struck the enemy, produced both by the sudden surprise and the shock of an earthquake. The feat was begun and achieved by the faith of Jonathan, and the issue was of God.
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16. 掃羛的守望者……觀看——敵營中的混亂被描述出來，驚惶的嘈雜聲在基比亞的高處可以聽見。
Original em inglês
16. the watchmen of Saul . . . looked--The wild disorder in the enemies' camp was described and the noise of dismay heard on the heights of Gibeah.
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17-19. 掃羛對跟隨他的民說：你們查點查點，看從我們這裡出去的是誰——他想到這可能是屬於他那小隊伍中的某個大膽冒險者，而且很容易發現是誰。
Original em inglês
17-19. Then said Saul unto the people that were with him, Number now, and see who is gone from us--The idea occurred to him that it might be some daring adventurer belonging to his own little troop, and it would be easy to discover him.
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18. 掃羛對亞希亞說：將神的約櫃運了來——沒有證據表明約櫃是從基列耶琳運來的。七十士譯本更為可取；它藉著經文的稍微改動，讀作「以弗得」；即大祭司在求問神諭時所穿的那件祭司披肩。以弗得在手邊是自然的，因為亞希亞本人就在場，而且挪伯——帳幕當時所在之處——就在附近。
Original em inglês
18. Saul said unto Ahiah, Bring hither the ark of God--There is no evidence that the ark had been brought from Kirjath-jearim. The Septuagint version is preferable; which, by a slight variation of the text, reads, "the ephod"; that is, the priestly cape, which the high priest put on when consulting the oracle. That this should be at hand is natural, from the presence of Ahiah himself, as well as the nearness of Nob, where the tabernacle was then situated.
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19. 你且站住——穿著以弗得的祭司舉起伸展雙手禱告。掃羛察覺時機誘人，而神似乎已充分表明站在祂百姓的一邊，便要求祭司停止，好讓他們立即加入戰鬥。求問的時候已過——迅速行動的時候到了。
Original em inglês
19. Withdraw thine hand--The priest, invested with the ephod, prayed with raised and extended hands. Saul perceiving that the opportunity was inviting, and that God appeared to have sufficiently declared in favor of His people, requested the priest to cease, that they might immediately join in the contest. The season for consultation was past--the time for prompt action was come.
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20-22. 掃羛和所有的人——基比亞駐軍中的所有戰士、非利士營中的以色列逃兵，以及以法蓮山中的逃亡者，如今都湧向追擊，這追擊激烈而血腥。
Original em inglês
20-22. Saul and all the people--All the warriors in the garrison at Gibeah, the Israelite deserters in the camp of the Philistines, and the fugitives among the mountains of Ephraim, now all rushed to the pursuit, which was hot and sanguinary.
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23. 那日耶和華拯救了以色列人；戰事越過了伯亞文——即「伯特利」。戰事越過了巴勒斯坦中部山脊上現已毀滅的森林，然後從密抹的東側隘口（見
1Sa 14:31）
越到另一邊，直到亞雅崙的西側隘口，他們便從那裡逃入自己的平原。
Original em inglês
23. So the Lord saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over unto Beth-aven--that is, "Beth-el." It passed over the forest, now destroyed, on the central ridge of Palestine, then over to the other side from the eastern pass of Michmash
(1Sa 14:31),
to the western pass of Aijalon, through which they escaped into their own plains.
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24. 掃羅曾叫百姓起誓——這位急躁的君王唯恐失去這個徹底削弱非利士勢力的寶貴機會，便對任何人在傍晚之前進食的人宣告了咒詛。這個輕率愚蠢的禁令使百姓困苦不堪，因為它阻止了他們在行軍途中獲取所能得到的補給，從而嚴重妨礙了他那出於愛國之心的目標的達成。
Original em inglês
24. Saul had adjured the people--Afraid lest so precious an opportunity of effectually humbling the Philistine power might be lost, the impetuous king laid an anathema on any one who should taste food until the evening. This rash and foolish denunciation distressed the people, by preventing them taking such refreshments as they might get on the march, and materially hindered the successful attainment of his own patriotic object.
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25. 眾民到了林中，見有蜂蜜——經文描述蜂蜜「在地上」、從樹上「滴下」，並在蜂巢中——表明這是蜜蜂的蜜。「東方的蜜蜂不像在英國那樣養在蜂箱裡；牠們都處於野生的狀態。森林裡簡直流淌著蜂蜜；你經過時可以看見巨大的蜂巢掛在樹上，滿了蜂蜜」〔羅伯茨〕。
Original em inglês
25. all they of the land came to a wood; and there was honey--The honey is described as "upon the ground," "dropping" from the trees, and in honeycombs--indicating it to be bees' honey. "Bees in the East are not, as in England, kept in hives; they are all in a wild state. The forests literally flow with honey; large combs may be seen hanging on the trees as you pass along, full of honey" [ROBERTS].
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31-34. 百姓甚是疲乏。百姓就撲向掠物——在傍晚掃羅所定的時間結束之時。疲憊飢餓的追兵貪婪地撲向他們所奪取的牲畜，將其摔在地上割肉生食。這樣一來，全軍因掃羅的輕率而被吃血或吃活物的行為所玷污；也許像阿比西尼亞人那樣，割取動物臀部的一部分，卻將皮覆蓋其上，傷口並不致命。他們戰戰兢兢地謹守王的命令，因為害怕咒詛，卻毫無顧忌地違背神的誡命。為了防止這種違反律法的行為，掃羅下令滾來一塊大石頭，命宰牛的人在石頭上割喉。將動物的頭放在高石上，血便流在地上，足以證明牛羊在被嘗食之前已經死了。
Original em inglês
31-34. the people were very faint. And the people flew upon the spoil--at evening, when the time fixed by Saul had expired. Faint and famishing, the pursuers fell voraciously upon the cattle they had taken, and threw them on the ground to cut off their flesh and eat them raw, so that the army, by Saul's rashness, were defiled by eating blood, or living animals; probably, as the Abyssinians do, who cut a part of the animal's rump, but close the hide upon it, and nothing mortal follows from that wound. They were painfully conscientious in keeping the king's order for fear of the curse, but had no scruple in transgressing God's command. To prevent this violation of the law, Saul ordered a large stone to be rolled, and those that slaughtered the oxen to cut their throats on that stone. By laying the animal's head on the high stone, the blood oozed out on the ground, and sufficient evidence was afforded that the ox or sheep was dead before it was attempted to eat it.
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45. 百姓救了約拿單，免了他一死——當掃羅得知約拿單違背了有關蜂蜜的禁令時，雖然那是在無知中行的，不涉及罪咎，他卻像耶弗他（見
[Jud 11:31, 35]）
一樣，要照著他所起的誓（見
[1Sa 14:44]）
處死自己的兒子。但軍隊更為開明的良知阻止了這位年輕英雄的血沾染那日的榮耀——這一天的勝利主要歸功於他的信心和勇氣。
Original em inglês
45. the people rescued Jonathan, that he died not--When Saul became aware of Jonathan's transgression in regard to the honey, albeit it was done in ignorance and involved no guilt, he was, like Jephthah
[Jud 11:31, 35],
about to put his son to death, in conformity with his vow
[1Sa 14:44].
But the more enlightened conscience of the army prevented the tarnishing the glory of the day by the blood of the young hero, to whose faith and valor it was chiefly due.
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47, 48. 掃羅……四面八方攻打仇敵——這次對非利士人的輝煌勝利之後，不僅將他們趕出了以色列地，掃羅還成功地入侵了各個敵對的鄰邦，雖然未能征服他們，卻對他們造成了極大的騷擾。
Original em inglês
47, 48. So Saul . . . fought against all his enemies on every side--This signal triumph over the Philistines was followed, not only by their expulsion from the land of Israel, but by successful incursions against various hostile neighbors, whom he harassed though he did not subdue them.
撒上14:1-14。
約拿單奇蹟般地擊潰非利士人的防營。
1. 非利士人的防營——即「常駐的營」
(1Sa 13:23， 欄外注)——「在密抹的隘口」
(1Sa 13:16)，
即今日的Wady Es-Suweinit。「它從伯丁（伯特利）和比雷（比錄）附近開始，當它在這些地點下方穿過山脊時，兩側形成峭壁。在右側，大約四分之一英畝以下，它再次斷裂，在高聳的垂直峭壁之間穿過」[ROBINSON]。