Comentário do capítulo
1 Samuel Capítulo 16
1
1Sa 16:1-10.
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Original em inglês
1Sa 16:1-10.
SAMUEL SENT BY GOD TO BETHLEHEM.
1. the Lord said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul--Samuel's grief on account of Saul's rejection, accompanied, doubtless, by earnest prayers for his restitution, showed the amiable feelings of the man; but they were at variance with his public duty as a prophet. The declared purpose of God to transfer the kingdom of Israel into other hands than Saul's was not an angry menace, but a fixed and immutable decree; so that Samuel ought to have sooner submitted to the peremptory manifestation of the divine will. But to leave him no longer room to doubt of its being unalterable, he was sent on a private mission to anoint a successor to Saul (see on
1Sa 10:1).
The immediate designation of a king was of the greatest importance for the interests of the nation in the event of Saul's death, which, to this time, was dreaded; it would establish David's title and comfort the minds of Samuel and other good men with a right settlement, whatever contingency might happen.
I have provided me a king--The language is remarkable, and intimates a difference between this and the former king. Saul was the people's choice, the fruit of their wayward and sinful desires for their own honor and aggrandizement. The next was to be a king who would consult the divine glory, and selected from that tribe to which the pre-eminence had been early promised
(Ge 49:10).
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2. 我怎能去呢？——這是撒母耳人性軟弱的又一例。神既差遣他執行這任務，就必在執行中保護他。
我是來獻祭的——撒母耳在他所走的不同巡迴路線中似乎慣於這樣作，為要鼓勵對神的敬拜。
Original em inglês
2. How can I go?--This is another instance of human infirmity in Samuel. Since God had sent him on this mission, He would protect him in the execution.
I am come to sacrifice--It seems to have been customary with Samuel to do this in the different circuits to which he went, that he might encourage the worship of God.
3
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3節. 你要請耶西來喫祭肉. 即平安祭之後所共享的筵席。撒母耳既是獻祭者，有權邀請他所願意的任何賓客。
Original em inglês
3. call Jesse to the sacrifice--that is, the social feast that followed the peace offering. Samuel, being the offerer, had a right to invite any guest he pleased.
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4節. 城裏的長老都戰戰兢兢地迎接他. 伯利恆是個偏僻的小城，不在士師尋常的巡迴範圍之內。所以長老們自然憂慮他的到來是出於某種非常原因，並因撒母耳與王之間的疏遠，恐怕這會給他們的城招來禍患。
Original em inglês
4. the elders of the town trembled at his coming--Beth-lehem was an obscure town, and not within the usual circuit of the judge. The elders were naturally apprehensive, therefore, that his arrival was occasioned by some extraordinary reason, and that it might entail evil upon their town, in consequence of the estrangement between Samuel and the king.
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5. 當自潔——藉著所描述的預備
(Ex 19:14, 15)。
長老們要自潔。撒母耳親自極其慬慎地為耶西一家行潔淨之禮。然而有些人認為，前者只是被邀請參與獻祭，而耶西一家則是另行受邀參加之後的筵席。
Original em inglês
5. sanctify yourselves--by the preparations described
(Ex 19:14, 15).
The elders were to sanctify themselves. Samuel himself took the greatest care in the sanctification of Jesse's family. Some, however, think that the former were invited only to join in the sacrifice, while the family of Jesse were invited by themselves to the subsequent feast.
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6-10. 撒母耳說：耶和華的受膏者必定在他面前——在此撒母耳因受外表印象的影響，犯了與從前相同的錯誤
(1Sa 10:24)。
Original em inglês
6-10. Samuel said, Surely the Lord's anointed is before him--Here Samuel, in consequence of taking his impressions from the external appearance, falls into the same error as formerly
(1Sa 10:24).
11
1Sa 16:11-14.
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1Sa 16:11-14.
他膏大衛。
11. 還有小的，現在看羊呢——耶西顯然對大衛的智慧和勇敢毫無概念，所以說他最不適合。神在祂的護理中如此安排，使大衛的受膏更清楚地顯明為出於神的目的，而非撒母耳或耶西的設計。大衛既未與其家人一同自潔，他很可能在所被召來的特別事務一完成，便回到他牧羊的工作。
Original em inglês
1Sa 16:11-14.
HE ANOINTS DAVID.
11. There remaineth yet the youngest, and, behold, he keepeth the sheep--Jesse having evidently no idea of David's wisdom and bravery, spoke of him as the most unfit. God, in His providence, so ordered it, that the appointment of David might the more clearly appear to be a divine purpose, and not the design either of Samuel or Jesse. David having not been sanctified with the rest of his family, it is probable that he returned to his pastoral duties the moment the special business on which he had been summoned was done.
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12. 他面色光紅 等——JOSEPHUS 說大衛十歲，而大多數現代註釋家認為他當時必有十五歲。
Original em inglês
12. he was ruddy, &c.--JOSEPHUS says that David was ten, while most modern commentators are of the opinion that he must have been fifteen years of age.
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13. 撒母耳就用角裡的膏油，在他諸兄中膏了他——這件事必定是嚴格私密的。
Original em inglês
13. Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him--This transaction must have been strictly private.
14
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14-18. 耶和華的靈離開掃羛，有惡魔從耶和華那裡來攪擾他——他自己陰沉的反思，意識到自己沒有達到以色列君王的品格，失去王位以及他王朝的斷絕，使他變得嫉妒、易怒、報復心強，並時常陷入病態的憂鬱。
Original em inglês
14-18. The Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord troubled him--His own gloomy reflections, the consciousness that he had not acted up to the character of an Israelitish king, the loss of his throne, and the extinction of his royal house, made him jealous, irritable, vindictive, and subject to fits of morbid melancholy.
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19. 掃羛差遣人去見耶西，說：請你打發大衛到我這裡來——在東方，王的命令是不可違抗的；耶西無論多麼不情願和驚惶，都別無選擇，只能順從。
Original em inglês
19. Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said, Send me David--In the East the command of a king is imperative; and Jesse, however reluctant and alarmed, had no alternative but to comply.
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20. 耶西把幾個餅和一皮袋酒，並一隻山羊羔，都馱在驢上……送給掃羛——作為臣服和尊敬的記號。
Original em inglês
20. Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them . . . unto Saul--as a token of homage and respect.
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21. 大衛到了掃羛那裡——神的護理如此為大衛的命運作準備，使他得以認識朝廷的禮儀、政務以及王國的一般狀況。
作了掃羛拿兵器的人——這項選擇作為王偏愛的表示，顯示這職位被認為何等尊榮。
Original em inglês
21. David came to Saul--Providence thus prepared David for his destiny, by placing him in a way to become acquainted with the manners of the court, the business of government, and the general state of the kingdom.
became his armour-bearer--This choice, as being an expression of the king's partiality, shows how honorable the office was held to be.
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23. 大衛拿琴用手彈奏，掃羅就舒暢爽快，並且好了——古人相信音樂在醫治精神疾病方面具有神秘的功效。
Original em inglês
23. David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well--The ancients believed that music had a mysterious influence in healing mental disorders.
撒上16:1-10。
撒母耳奉神差遣往伯利恆。
1. 耶和華對撒母耳說：你為掃羅悲傷要到幾時呢——撒母耳因掃羅被棄而悲痛，無疑伴隨著懇求他復位的熱切禱告，顯示了他為人可親的感情；但這與他作先知的公眾職責相違背。神所宣布要把以色列國轉移到掃羅以外之人的旨意，不是出於憤怒的威脅，而是固定不變的旨意；因此撒母耳本該更早順服這不可改變的神旨的彰顯。但為了讓他不再懷疑這是不可更改的，他被差派去執行一項私下任務——膏掃羅的繼承者（見論
1Sa 10:1)。
立即指定一位王，對於萬一掃羅去世（這是此時人人所懼怕的）的國家利益至關重要；這將確立大衛的權利，並以正當的安排安慰撒母耳和其他敬虔人的心，無論發生甚麼變故。
我已預定了一個王——這話值得注意，暗示這位王與前一位之間有所不同。掃羅是百姓的選擇，是他們為自己的榮耀和擴張而任性犯罪之慾望的果子。下一位卻要是一位追求神榮耀的王，並從那早已蒙應許要居首位
(Ge 49:10)
的支派中選出。