Comentário do capítulo
1 Samuel Capítulo 1
1
1Sa 1:1-8.
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Original em inglês
1Sa 1:1-8.
OF ELKANAH AND HIS TWO WIVES.
1, 2. a certain man of Ramathaim-zophim--The first word being in the dual number, signifies the double city--the old and new town of Ramah
(1Sa 1:19).
There were five cities of this name, all on high ground. This city had the addition of Zophim attached to it, because it was founded by Zuph, "an Ephrathite," that is a native of Ephratha. Beth-lehem, and the expression "of Ramathaim-zophim" must, therefore, be understood as Ramah in the land of Zuph in the hill country of Ephratha. Others, considering "mount Ephraim" as pointing to the locality in Joseph's territory, regard "Zophim" not as a proper but a common noun, signifying watchtowers, or watchmen, with reference either to the height of its situation, or its being the residence of prophets who were watchmen
(Eze 3:17).
Though a native of Ephratha or Beth-lehem-judah
(Ru 1:2),
Elkanah was a Levite
(1Ch 6:33, 34).
Though of this order, and a good man, he practised polygamy. This was contrary to the original law, but it seems to have been prevalent among the Hebrews in those days, when there was no king in Israel, and every man did what seemed right in his own eyes
[Jud 21:25].
3
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3節. 這人每年從本城上示羅去敬拜. 那裡是「地上唯一的聖所」，他在三大節期之一——可能是逾越節——攜家帶眷前往。他雖是利未人，卻不能親自獻祭——那唯獨是祭司的職任；他維持對神聖典章的定期參加，這份敬虔更值得注意，因為負責執行的兩位祭司品格臭名昭著。但他無疑相信，並照此信心而行：這些典章是「救恩的有效途徑，不是因其中或主持之人的功德，而是因神的恩典藉其傳遞」。
Original em inglês
3. this man went up out of his city yearly to worship in Shiloh--In that place was the "earth's one sanctuary," and thither he repaired at the three solemn feasts, accompanied by his family at one of them--probably the passover. Although a Levite, he could not personally offer a sacrifice--that was exclusively the office of the priests; and his piety in maintaining a regular attendance on the divine ordinances is the more worthy of notice because the character of the two priests who administered them was notoriously bad. But doubtless he believed, and acted on the belief, that the ordinances were "effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them, or in those who administered them, but from the grace of God being communicated through them."
4
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4節. 以利加拿獻祭的時候，將分給毗尼拿. 獻祭者收回平安祭的大部分，他與其家人或朋友在耶和華面前以共餐的方式食用。（見
Le 3:3； De 12:12 註釋）。 以利加拿從這些分別為聖的食物中分給全家各人；但「給哈拿的是雙分」，即更大的精選之分，是按東方向所愛或尊貴之賓客表示敬意的慣例。（見
1Sa 9:24； 並見 Ge 43:34 註釋）。
Original em inglês
4. when . . . Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah . . . portions--The offerer received back the greater part of the peace offerings, which he and his family or friends were accustomed to eat at a social feast before the Lord. (See on
Le 3:3;
De 12:12).
It was out of these consecrated viands Elkanah gave portions to all the members of his family; but "unto Hannah he gave a worthy portion"; that is, a larger choice, according to the Eastern fashion of showing regard to beloved or distinguished guests. (See on
1Sa 9:24;
also see on
Ge 43:34).
6
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6. 她的對頭大大激動她——毘尼拿的行為極不合宜。但多妻者家中的家庭爭吵時有發生，而其中最豐富的根源，始終是對丈夫格外寵愛的嫉妒，正如哈拿這個案例。
Original em inglês
6. her adversary also provoked her sore--The conduct of Peninnah was most unbecoming. But domestic broils in the houses of polygamists are of frequent occurrence, and the most fruitful cause of them has always been jealousy of the husband's superior affection, as in this case of Hannah.
9
1Sa 1:9-18.
繁體中文
1Sa 1:9-18.
哈拿的祈禱。
11. 她祈禱……許了一個願——這裡展示了希伯來婦女心中對兒女的強烈渴望。這是哈拿禱告的重擔；她對男嬰所表達的強烈偏好，源於她將他奉獻給帳幕事奉的心意。他出生的環境將他與此相連；但由於拿細耳人的願，他在聖所範圍內居住的時間要比平常更早開始。
Original em inglês
1Sa 1:9-18.
HANNAH'S PRAYER.
11. she prayed . . . she vowed a vow--Here is a specimen of the intense desire that reigned in the bosoms of the Hebrew women for children. This was the burden of Hannah's prayer; and the strong preference she expressed for a male child originated in her purpose of dedicating him to the tabernacle service. The circumstance of his birth bound him to this; but his residence within the precincts of the sanctuary would have to commence at an earlier age than usual, in consequence of the Nazarite vow.
12
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12-18. 以利定睛看她的嘴——年邁祭司的疑心似乎表明，在那個混亂的時代，酗酒的惡習既不罕見，也不限於一個性別。這個錯誤的印象立即被消除，在「願耶和華」，或更確切地說「將賜」的話語之後，跟著一個祝福——哈拿將其視為指向她懇切期望得以成就的預言，這驅散了她的憂愁，使她充滿了確切的盼望
[1Sa 1:18]。
那將要出生之孩子的品格和事奉足夠重要，使他的出生成為預言的適當主題。
Original em inglês
12-18. Eli marked her mouth--The suspicion of the aged priest seems to indicate that the vice of intemperance was neither uncommon nor confined to one sex in those times of disorder. This mistaken impression was immediately removed, and, in the words, "God grant," or rather, "will grant," was followed by an invocation which, as Hannah regarded it in the light of a prophecy pointing to the accomplishment of her earnest desire, dispelled her sadness, and filled her with confident hope
[1Sa 1:18].
The character and services of the expected child were sufficiently important to make his birth a fit subject for prophecy.
20
1Sa 1:20.
繁體中文
1Sa 1:20.
撒母耳出生。
20. 給他起名叫撒母耳——無疑是得到她丈夫的同意。孩子們的名字有時由父親取，有時由母親取（見
Ge 4:1, 26; 5:29; 19:37; 21:3)；
在早期希伯來人中，名字通常是複合名，其中一部分包含神的名字。
Original em inglês
1Sa 1:20.
SAMUEL BORN.
20. called his name Samuel--doubtless with her husband's consent. The names of children were given sometimes by the fathers, and sometimes by the mothers (see
Ge 4:1, 26; 5:29; 19:37; 21:3);
and among the early Hebrews, they were commonly compound names, one part including the name of God.
21
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21. 以利加拿……上去獻……他許願的祭——他對哈拿之願的莊嚴同意是使其具有約束力的必要條件。（見
Nu 30:3
的註釋)。
Original em inglês
21. the man Elkanah . . . went up to offer . . . his vow--The solemn expression of his concurrence in Hannah's vow was necessary to make it obligatory. (See on
Nu 30:3).
22
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繁體中文
22. 哈拿卻沒有上去——只有男丁有義務參加莊嚴的節期
(Ex 23:17)。
但哈拿像其他敬虔的婦女一樣，有去的習慣，只是她認為等到她兒子的年齡使她能履行所許的願時再作下一次的旅程，更為明智和得體。
Original em inglês
22. But Hannah went not up--Men only were obliged to attend the solemn feasts
(Ex 23:17).
But Hannah, like other pious women, was in the habit of going, only she deemed it more prudent and becoming to defer her next journey till her son's age would enable her to fulfill her vow.
24
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24. 三隻公牛——《七十士譯本》譯作「一隻三歲的公牛」；這可能是正確的譯法。
Original em inglês
24. three bullocks--The Septuagint renders it "a bullock of three years old"; which is probably the true rendering.
撒上1:1-8。
以利加拿和他的兩個妻子。
1, 2. 以法蓮山地的拉瑪瑣非人——第一個詞是雙數形式，意指雙城——拉瑪的舊城和新城
(1Sa 1:19)。
有五個同名的城，都在高處。此城有「瑣非」的附加名稱，因為它是蘇弗——「一個以法蓮人」，即以法他人的後裔——所建立的；伯利恆也是以法他人之地，因此「拉瑪瑣非」應理解為以法他山地的蘇弗之地的拉瑪。另有人考慮到「以法蓮山地」指向約瑟領土中的位置，認為「瑣非」不是專有名詞而是普通名詞，意為守望樓或守望者，或指其地勢之高，或指它是作守望者的先知的居所
(Eze 3:17)。
以利加拿雖然是以法他或猶大伯利恆
(Ru 1:2)
本地的人，卻是利未人
(1Ch 6:33, 34)。
他雖屬這支派且是個好人，卻實行多妻制。這與起初的律法相違背，但在那個時代——以色列中沒有王、各人任意而行的日子——看來在希伯來人中頗為普遍
[Jud 21:25]。