Comentário do capítulo
1 Samuel Capítulo 21
1
1Sa 21:1-7.
繁體中文
Original em inglês
1Sa 21:1-7.
DAVID, AT NOB, OBTAINS OF AHIMELECH HALLOWED BREAD.
1. Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech--Nob, a city of the priests
(1Sa 22:19),
was in the neighborhood of Jerusalem, on the Mount of Olives--a little north of the top, and on the northeast of the city. It is computed to have been about five miles distant from Gibeah. Ahimelech, the same as Ahiah, or perhaps his brother, both being sons of Ahitub (compare
1Sa 14:3, with 1Sa 22:4-11, 20).
His object in fleeing to this place was partly for the supply of his necessities, and partly for comfort and counsel, in the prospect of leaving the kingdom.
Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David--suspecting some extraordinary occurrence by his appearing so suddenly, and in such a style, for his attendants were left at a little distance.
2
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2. 王吩咐我一件事，對我說：不要叫人知道——這是赤裸裸的謊言，是因懼怕而被迫說出的。大衛大概像許多人一樣，以為為了保全性命而說的謊是完全可寬恕的。但本質上有罪的事，絕不會因處境而改變其不道德的性質；大衛後來為這說謊的惡習悔改
(Ps 119:29)。
Original em inglês
2. The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no man know--This was a direct falsehood, extorted through fear. David probably supposed, like many other persons, that a lie is quite excusable which is told for the sole purpose of saving the speaker's life. But what is essentially sinful, can never, from circumstances, change its immoral character; and David had to repent of this vice of lying
(Ps 119:29).
4
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4節. 有聖餅. 他家裏原會有充足的餅；但沒有時間等。「聖餅」是前一日撤下的陳設餅，專為祭司之用而保留
(Le 24:9)。 在認為這餅可以合法地給大衛和他的人之前，大祭司似乎曾為此緊急情況求問了神諭
(1Sa 22:10)， 因神親自特別賜下了可以使用聖餅的特許。
Original em inglês
4. there is hallowed bread--There would be plenty of bread in his house; but there was no time to wait for it. "The hallowed bread" was the old shew-bread, which had been removed the previous day, and which was reserved for the use of the priests alone
(Le 24:9).
Before entertaining the idea that this bread could be lawfully given to David and his men, the high priest seems to have consulted the oracle
(1Sa 22:10)
as to the course to be followed in this emergency. A dispensation to use the hallowed bread was specially granted by God Himself.
5
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5. 這三日——如律法所要求的
(Ex 19:15)。
大衛和他的隨從似乎一直藏匿在鄰近的洞穴中躲避追捕，因此已到了極度飢餓的地步。
餅是潔淨的——即如今它已不再擺在耶和華的桌上。這餅是祭司吃的，在我們的處境下也可以被我們吃。
何況今日是故意分別為聖的——即即使這分別為聖的餅是剛剛才放在器皿上，禮儀的條例也必須讓位於需要與憐憫的大律法（見
Mt 12:3
的註釋；
亦見
Mr 2:25; Lu 6:3)。
Original em inglês
5. these three days--as required by law
(Ex 19:15).
David and his attendants seem to have been lurking in some of the adjoining caves, to elude pursuit, and to have been, consequently, reduced to great extremities of hunger.
the bread is in a manner common--that is, now that it is no longer standing on the Lord's table. It is eaten by the priests, and may also, in our circumstances, be eaten by us.
yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel--that is, though the hallowed bread had been but newly placed on the vessel, the ritual ordinance would have to yield to the great law of necessity and mercy (see on
Mt 12:3;
also see
Mr 2:25; Lu 6:3).
6
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繁體中文
6. 那裡沒有別的餅——在帳幕中。更換舊餅與陳設新餅是在安息日進行的
(Le 24:8)，
那些餅在前一天燒熱的爐中被保溫。
Original em inglês
6. there was no bread there--in the tabernacle. The removal of the old and the substitution of the new bread was done on the Sabbath
(Le 24:8),
the loaves being kept warm in an oven heated the previous day.
7
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7. 多益，以東人——他已接受了希伯來宗教。
留在耶和華面前——在帳幕那裡，也許是為了還願，或因當日是安息日，使他不能繼續旅程。
掃羅的司牧長——東方君王古時擁有大量的牛群羊群；而司牧長的職位是一個重要的職位。
Original em inglês
7. Doeg, an Edomite--who had embraced the Hebrew religion.
detained before the Lord--at the tabernacle, perhaps, in the performance of a vow, or from its being the Sabbath, which rendered it unlawful for him to prosecute his journey.
the chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul--Eastern monarchs anciently had large possessions in flocks and herds; and the office of the chief shepherd was an important one.
9
1Sa 21:9.
繁體中文
1Sa 21:9.
他取了歌利亞的劍。
9. 歌利亞的劍——（見
1Sa 17:54
的註釋)。
在以弗得後面——在允許存放聖衣的地方，其中以弗得被提及為主要的。那巨人的劍被存放在那安全的保管處，作為神拯救以色列之神恩的記念。
沒有可比這劍的——不僅因為它的尺寸和上等的鍛造，更因為它是神對他恩寵的憑據，並且是他信心的恒常激勵。
Original em inglês
1Sa 21:9.
HE TAKES GOLIATH'S SWORD.
9. sword of Goliath--(See on
1Sa 17:54).
behind the ephod--in the place allowed for keeping the sacred vestments, of which the ephod is mentioned as the chief. The giant's sword was deposited in that safe custody as a memorial of the divine goodness in delivering Israel.
There is none like that--not only for its size and superior temper, but for its being a pledge of the divine favor to him, and a constant stimulus to his faith.
10
1Sa 21:10-15.
繁體中文
1Sa 21:10-15.
在迦特他假裝瘋癲。
10. 大衛……逃避……到迦特王亞吉那裡——迦特是非利士五個主要城邦之一。在這個地方，他必定是為人所知的；冒險進入那個國家——身為他們最大的仇敵，手中又拿著歌利亞的劍——看來是一項危險的嘗試；但無疑地，他所受到的保護暗示他是由神的指示所引導的。亞吉為人寬大
(1Sa 27:6)。
他可能想要削弱掃羛的資源，而在古代，偉人被鄰國君王收容是常見的事。
Original em inglês
1Sa 21:10-15.
AT GATH HE FEIGNS HIMSELF MAD.
10. David . . . fled . . . to Achish the king of Gath--which was one of the five principalities of the Philistines. In this place his person must have been known, and to venture into that country, he their greatest enemy, and with the sword of Goliath in his hand, would seem to have been a perilous experiment; but, doubtless, the protection he received implies that he had been directed by the divine oracle. Achish was generous
(1Sa 27:6).
He might wish to weaken the resources of Saul, and it was common in ancient times for great men to be harbored by neighboring princes.
13
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13. 在他們手下假裝瘋癲——據推測這是一次癲癇發作，真實的或可能只是假裝的。這種疾病藉口吐白沫而得舒緩。
使唾沫流在鬍子上——無怪乎亞吉以為他瘋了，因為在東方，無論是別人所作還是自己所作，對鬍子如此侮辱都被視為不可容忍的侮辱。
Original em inglês
13. feigned himself mad--It is supposed to have been an attack of epilepsy, real or perhaps only pretended. This disease is relieved by foaming at the mouth.
let his spittle fall down upon his beard--No wonder that Achish supposed him insane, as such an indignity, whether done by another, or one's self, to the beard, is considered in the East an intolerable insult.
撒上21:1-7。
大衛在挪伯從亞希米勒那裏得到聖餅。
1. 大衛來到挪伯亞希米勒那裏——挪伯是祭司的城
(1Sa 22:19)，
在耶路撒冷附近，在橄欖山上——在山頂稍北、城東北方。據計算離基比亞約五英里。亞希米勒，即亞希亞，或許是他的兄弟，二人都是亞希突的兒子（比較
1Sa 14:3，
與 1Sa 22:4-11, 20）。
他逃到此地，部分是為了補給所需，部分是在即將離開本國之際尋求安慰和意見。
亞希米勒戰戰兢兢地迎接大衛——因他如此突然地出現，且帶著這樣的隨從（隨從被留在稍遠處），而疑心有非同尋常的事發生。