Comentário do capítulo
2 Samuel Capítulo 10
1
2Sa 10:1-5.
日本語
Original em inglês
2Sa 10:1-5.
DAVID'S MESSENGERS, SENT TO COMFORT HANUN, ARE DISGRACEFULLY TREATED.
2
Sem título
日本語
2. ダビデは言った。『ナハシの子ハヌンに恵みを示そう。彼の父が私に恵みを示してくれたように』——このナハシは、サウルがヤベシュ・ギルアデで戦ったあのナハシであろう
(1Sa 11:11)。
ダビデは命の危険にさらされたガテを出たのち、モアブの王に庇護を求めた。アンモン人の王ナハシは彼に最も近い隣人であったから、サウルとダビデの争いの間、彼は前者への敵意からダビデに親切で、もてなしを示したのかもしれない。
Original em inglês
2. Then said David, I will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father showed kindness unto me--It is probable that this was the Nahash against whom Saul waged war at Jabesh-gilead
(1Sa 11:11).
David, on leaving Gath, where his life was exposed to danger, found an asylum with the king of Moab; and as Nahash, king of the Ammonites, was his nearest neighbor, it may be that during the feud between Saul and David, he, through enmity to the former, was kind and hospitable to David.
3
Sem título
日本語
3. アンモン人のつかさたちがハヌンに言った——彼らの疑いは、ダビデの公然の行動や抱いていた計画によって裏付けられたものではなかった。それは彼らが、自分たちに対する神の律法の宣告
(De 23:3-6)、
またそれに固く従うダビデの方針について知っていたことに由来していたはずである。
Original em inglês
3. the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun--Their suspicion was not warranted either by any overt act or by any cherished design of David: it must have originated in their knowledge of the denunciations of God's law against them
(De 23:3-6),
and of David's policy in steadfastly adhering to it.
4
Sem título
日本語
4. ハヌンはダビデの家来たちを捕らえ、その髭の半分をそり落とした——ヘブル人や他の東方の民の長く垂れる衣装から言って、その衣服を切り詰められた彼らは、ひどく品のない滑稽な様相を呈したはずである。その上、東方において髭に常に付与されてきた並外れた敬意と価値、また髭になされるいかなる屈辱も意味するひどい侮辱について知るなら、使節たちが感じた恥と、この暴行を聞いて全イスラエルに爆発した断固たる復讐の心が説明されよう。近代ペルシャの歴史には、傲慢で横柄な気質の王たちによる類似の侮辱が二件記されており、いずれも戦争を招いた。それゆえ、ダビデがこの恣意的で公の暴行に対して復讐を誓ったとしても驚くには当たらない。
Original em inglês
4. Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards--From the long flowing dress of the Hebrews and other Orientals, the curtailment of their garments must have given them an aspect of gross indelicacy and ludicrousness. Besides, a knowledge of the extraordinary respect and value which has always been attached, and the gross insult that is implied in any indignity offered, to the beard in the East, will account for the shame which the deputies felt, and the determined spirit of revenge which burst out in all Israel on learning the outrage. Two instances are related in the modern history of Persia, of similar insults by kings of haughty and imperious temper, involving the nation in war; and we need not, therefore, be surprised that David vowed revenge for this wanton and public outrage.
5
Sem título
日本語
5. エリコにとどまれ——ヨルダン川の渡しを渡ったのち、その近隣に。
Original em inglês
5. Tarry at Jericho--or in the neighborhood, after crossing the fords of the Jordan.
6
2Sa 10:6-14.
日本語
2Sa 10:6-14.
アンモン人が打ち破られる。
6-14. アンモン人は自分たちがダビデの前にいやなものとなったのを見た——万国の公法を犯したあの傲慢で不誠実なアンモン人を懲らしめるために、ダビデはヨアブの指揮の下に大軍を送った。一方彼らは迫る攻撃を聞き、膨大な数のアラム人傭兵を雇ってこれを撃退するための精力的な準備をした。
ベテ・レホブ——レバノンとアンチ・レバノンの間の低地の首都。
ゾバ——（
2Sa 8:3 を参照。）
マアカの王の——その領土はヨルダン川の向こう側、ギルアデの近くにあった
(De 3:14)。
イシュ・トブ——すなわち「トブの人々」——エフタの略奪の冒険の場所（
1Ch 19:6; 詩 60:1 の表題 も参照）。イスラエルの兵士たちがアンモンの地に殺到すると、その民は国境の町メデバで彼らを迎え撃った
(1Ch 19:7-9)。
地元の軍隊が市を守り、アラム人の傭兵はやや離れた野に陣を敷いていた。攻撃にあたって、ヨアブは軍勢を二つの別々の部隊に分けた。その一つは兄弟アビシャイの指揮の下に市への攻撃に集中し、彼自身は圧倒的な数の傭兵援軍に向かって進んだ。これはイスラエルに強いられた正しく必要な戦争であり、彼らはその武器の上に神の祝福を望むことができた。傭兵に対して戦いが始められたのは賢明な判断であった。彼らはヨアブの猛撃に耐えられず、またその大義を我が物と感じていなかったため、逃走によって身の安全を図った。外国の援助に主な頼みを置いていたアンモン人は、次いで町の城壁の内側に立て籠もるために退いた。
Original em inglês
2Sa 10:6-14.
THE AMMONITES OVERCOME.
6-14. when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David--To chastise those insolent and inhospitable Ammonites, who had violated the common law of nations, David sent a large army under the command of Joab, while they, informed of the impending attack, made energetic preparations to repel it by engaging the services of an immense number of Syrian mercenaries.
Beth-rehob--the capital of the low-lying region between Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon.
Zoba--(see on
2Sa 8:3).
of king Maacah--His territories lay on the other side of Jordan, near Gilead
(De 3:14).
Ish-tob--that is, "the men of Tob"--the place of Jephthah's marauding adventures (see also
1Ch 19:6; Ps 60:1,
title). As the Israelite soldiers poured into the Ammonite territory, that people met them at the frontier town of Medeba
(1Ch 19:7-9),
the native troops covering the city, while the Syrian mercenaries lay at some distance encamped in the fields. In making the attack, Joab divided his forces into two separate detachments--the one of which, under the command of his brother, Abishai, was to concentrate its attack upon the city, while he himself marched against the overwhelming host of mercenary auxiliaries. It was a just and necessary war that had been forced on Israel, and they could hope for the blessing of God upon their arms. With great judgment the battle opened against the mercenaries, who could not stand against the furious onset of Joab, and not feeling the cause their own, consulted their safety by flight. The Ammonites, who had placed their chief dependence upon a foreign aid, then retreated to entrench themselves within the walls of the town.
14
Sem título
日本語
14. ヨアブは引き返してエルサレムに来た——おそらく季節がすでに進みすぎていて、攻囲に入るには遅すぎたのであろう。
Original em inglês
14. So Joab returned and came to Jerusalem--Probably the season was too far advanced for entering on a siege.
15
2Sa 10:15-19.
日本語
2Sa 10:15-19.
アラム人が敗れる。
Original em inglês
2Sa 10:15-19.
THE SYRIANS DEFEATED.
16
Sem título
日本語
16. ハダデゼルは人をやり、川の向こうのアラム人を連れ出した——この君は敗北
(2Sa 8:3)
ののち、息をつく時間を得ていた。しかしダビデの勢力と偉大さの増大に驚き、またアンモン人の同盟者でもあったため、アラムだけでなくメソポタミアにも大軍を徴集して、ヘブル王国に侵入しようとした。その将軍ショバハはこの計画を推し進め、東マナセの国境の町ヘラムまで兵を進めた。その時ダビデは強行軍でヨルダンを渡り、不意に彼らを襲い、打ち破り、四散させた。この大いなる決定的勝利の結果、アラムのすべての小王国は服属し、貢ぎ民となった（
1Ch 19:1 を参照）。
Original em inglês
16. Hadarezer sent and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river--This prince had enjoyed a breathing time after his defeat
(2Sa 8:3).
But alarmed at the increasing power and greatness of David, as well as being an ally of the Ammonites, he levied a vast army not only in Syria, but in Mesopotamia, to invade the Hebrew kingdom. Shobach, his general, in pursuance of this design, had marched his troops as far as Kelam, a border town of eastern Manasseh, when David, crossing the Jordan by forced marches, suddenly surprised, defeated, and dispersed them. As a result of this great and decisive victory, all the petty kingdoms of Syria submitted and became his tributaries (see on
1Ch 19:1).
2Sa 10:1-5.
ダビデの使いがハヌンを慰めるために遣わされ、ひどい恥辱を受ける。