Comentário do capítulo
2 Samuel Capítulo 10
1
2Sa 10:1-5.
简体中文
Original em inglês
2Sa 10:1-5.
DAVID'S MESSENGERS, SENT TO COMFORT HANUN, ARE DISGRACEFULLY TREATED.
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2. 大卫说，我要照拿辖的儿子哈嫩的父亲待我的恩慈恩待哈嫩——这拿辖大概就是扫罗在基列雅比与之交战的那一位
（撒上11:11）。
大卫离开性命堪忧的迦特之后，曾在摩押王那里寻得避难之所；而亚扪人的王拿辖既是他的近邻，也许在扫罗与大卫相争之际，他因与扫罗为敌，便对大卫善待有加。
Original em inglês
2. Then said David, I will show kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father showed kindness unto me--It is probable that this was the Nahash against whom Saul waged war at Jabesh-gilead
(1Sa 11:11).
David, on leaving Gath, where his life was exposed to danger, found an asylum with the king of Moab; and as Nahash, king of the Ammonites, was his nearest neighbor, it may be that during the feud between Saul and David, he, through enmity to the former, was kind and hospitable to David.
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3. 亚扪人的首领对哈嫩说——他们的疑心既非因大卫有任何公开的举动，也非因他怀有什么图谋：必是源于他们明知神的律法对他们的咒诅
（申23:3-6），
也知道大卫一向坚守这一国策。
Original em inglês
3. the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun--Their suspicion was not warranted either by any overt act or by any cherished design of David: it must have originated in their knowledge of the denunciations of God's law against them
(De 23:3-6),
and of David's policy in steadfastly adhering to it.
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简体中文
4. 哈嫩将大卫的臣仆捉拿，剃去他们一半的胡须——希伯来人和其他东方人都穿长袍，衣服一旦被截短，他们的模样必定显得十分粗鄙可笑。况且在东方，胡须向来极受尊重和珍视，对其任何的侮辱都意味着极大的羞辱；明白了这一点，就能理解这些使者所感的羞耻，以及全以色列听闻这桩暴行后所爆发的复仇决心。近代波斯的史乘中，记载了两桩傲慢专横的君王所施的类似侮辱，并因此引发战争的事例；因此，大卫为这肆意而公然的暴行起誓复仇，我们也就不必惊讶了。
Original em inglês
4. Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards--From the long flowing dress of the Hebrews and other Orientals, the curtailment of their garments must have given them an aspect of gross indelicacy and ludicrousness. Besides, a knowledge of the extraordinary respect and value which has always been attached, and the gross insult that is implied in any indignity offered, to the beard in the East, will account for the shame which the deputies felt, and the determined spirit of revenge which burst out in all Israel on learning the outrage. Two instances are related in the modern history of Persia, of similar insults by kings of haughty and imperious temper, involving the nation in war; and we need not, therefore, be surprised that David vowed revenge for this wanton and public outrage.
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5. 可以住在耶利哥——即渡过约旦河的渡口之后，住在那附近。
Original em inglês
5. Tarry at Jericho--or in the neighborhood, after crossing the fords of the Jordan.
6
2Sa 10:6-14.
简体中文
2Sa 10:6-14.
亚扪人被击败。
6-14. 亚扪人见自己在大卫眼中有了恶臭——为要惩罚那些违背万国通法、无礼而不义的亚扪人，大卫派了一支大军在约押率领之下出征；他们得知进攻在即，便积极备战，雇用了大批亚兰雇佣兵来抵御。
伯利合——黎巴嫩与反黎巴嫩之间低地的首邑。
锁巴——（参见
撒下8:3的注释）。
玛迦王的人——他的领地在约旦河对岸，靠近基列
（申3:14）。
以实突——即「陀伯人」——耶弗他四处劫掠冒险之地（另见
代上19:6； 诗60:1
题注）。当以色列兵丁涌入亚扪境内时，那百姓在边界的米底巴城迎击他们
（代上19:7-9）， 本地军队护卫城池，亚兰雇佣兵则在稍远的田野安营。约押在进攻时，将兵力分为两支——一支由他兄弟亚比筛率领，集中攻击城池；他自己则率军迎击那支势不可挡的雇佣援军。这是一场正义而必要的战争，是以色列被迫而战的，他们可以盼望神的祝福临到他们的兵器。战事明智地从雇佣兵开始，他们抵挡不住约押的猛烈攻势，又因不以此为切身之事，便以逃命自保。亚扪人既主要仰仗外援，便退回城内据守。
Original em inglês
2Sa 10:6-14.
THE AMMONITES OVERCOME.
6-14. when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David--To chastise those insolent and inhospitable Ammonites, who had violated the common law of nations, David sent a large army under the command of Joab, while they, informed of the impending attack, made energetic preparations to repel it by engaging the services of an immense number of Syrian mercenaries.
Beth-rehob--the capital of the low-lying region between Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon.
Zoba--(see on
2Sa 8:3).
of king Maacah--His territories lay on the other side of Jordan, near Gilead
(De 3:14).
Ish-tob--that is, "the men of Tob"--the place of Jephthah's marauding adventures (see also
1Ch 19:6; Ps 60:1,
title). As the Israelite soldiers poured into the Ammonite territory, that people met them at the frontier town of Medeba
(1Ch 19:7-9),
the native troops covering the city, while the Syrian mercenaries lay at some distance encamped in the fields. In making the attack, Joab divided his forces into two separate detachments--the one of which, under the command of his brother, Abishai, was to concentrate its attack upon the city, while he himself marched against the overwhelming host of mercenary auxiliaries. It was a just and necessary war that had been forced on Israel, and they could hope for the blessing of God upon their arms. With great judgment the battle opened against the mercenaries, who could not stand against the furious onset of Joab, and not feeling the cause their own, consulted their safety by flight. The Ammonites, who had placed their chief dependence upon a foreign aid, then retreated to entrench themselves within the walls of the town.
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14. 于是约押回来，到了耶路撒冷——大概因时节已晚，不宜开始围城。
Original em inglês
14. So Joab returned and came to Jerusalem--Probably the season was too far advanced for entering on a siege.
15
2Sa 10:15-19.
简体中文
2Sa 10:15-19.
亚兰人被击败。
Original em inglês
2Sa 10:15-19.
THE SYRIANS DEFEATED.
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简体中文
16. 哈大底谢差遣人将河那边的亚兰人调出来——这位王子在他战败之后
（撒下8:3）
曾得了一段喘息的时间。但他既惊惧于大卫日增的势力和威荣，又是亚扪人的盟友，便不仅在叙利亚，也在美索不达米亚征调了一支大军，要入侵希伯来王国。他的将军朔巴为执行这一计划，已率军进至海兰——东玛拿西的一座边界城邑；大卫这时以急行军渡过约旦河，突然出击，击败并驱散了他们。由于这次重大而决定性的胜利，叙利亚诸小国都归顺，成为他的属国（参见
代上19:1的注释）。
Original em inglês
16. Hadarezer sent and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river--This prince had enjoyed a breathing time after his defeat
(2Sa 8:3).
But alarmed at the increasing power and greatness of David, as well as being an ally of the Ammonites, he levied a vast army not only in Syria, but in Mesopotamia, to invade the Hebrew kingdom. Shobach, his general, in pursuance of this design, had marched his troops as far as Kelam, a border town of eastern Manasseh, when David, crossing the Jordan by forced marches, suddenly surprised, defeated, and dispersed them. As a result of this great and decisive victory, all the petty kingdoms of Syria submitted and became his tributaries (see on
1Ch 19:1).
2Sa 10:1-5.
大卫差遣去安慰哈嫩的使者，受到羞辱的对待。