Comentário do capítulo
2 Samuel Capítulo 18
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2Sa 18:1-4.
简体中文
Original em inglês
2Sa 18:1-4.
DAVID REVIEWING THE ARMIES.
1, 2. David numbered the people that were with him--The hardy mountaineers of Gilead came in great numbers at the call of their chieftains, so that, although without money to pay any troops, David soon found himself at the head of a considerable army. A pitched battle was now inevitable. But so much depending on the life of the king, he was not allowed to take the field in person; and he therefore divided his forces into three detachments under Joab, Abishai, and Ittai, the commander of the foreign guards.
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2Sa 18:5-13.
简体中文
2Sa 18:5-13.
嘱咐他们善待押沙龙。
5. 你们都要为我的缘故恩待那少年人押沙龙——王对众将所下的这一动情的嘱咐，不仅是出于他对儿女难以自持的疼爱，也是出于他明知这场叛乱乃是自己罪行的报应，押沙龙不过是报应之神手中的工具；——也是出于他的敬虔，唯恐这位不幸的王子带着未悔改之罪而死。
Original em inglês
2Sa 18:5-13.
GIVES THEM CHARGE OF ABSALOM.
5. Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom--This affecting charge, which the king gave to his generals, proceeded not only from his overwhelming affection for his children, but from his consciousness that this rebellion was the chastisement of his own crimes, Absalom being merely an instrument in the hand of retributive Providence;--and also from his piety, lest the unhappy prince should die with his sins unrepented of.
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6. 以法莲树林——这片树林当然在约旦河东。其名称的由来，按一些人的说法，是因耶弗他屠戮以法莲人之事；另一些人则认为，是因与约旦河东玛拿西的血缘关系。
Original em inglês
6. wood of Ephraim--This wood, of course, was on the east of Jordan. Its name was derived, according to some, from the slaughter of the Ephraimites by Jephthah--according to others, from the connection of blood with the trans-jordanic Manasseh.
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7. 以色列人被杀——这一称呼，连同后来所记的巨大屠杀数目，表明百姓在这场不幸的内争中卷入之广。
Original em inglês
7. the people of Israel were slain--This designation, together with the immense slaughter mentioned later, shows the large extent to which the people were enlisted in this unhappy civil contest.
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简体中文
8. 树林吞噬的百姓比刀剑杀的还多——茂密的橡树和笃耨香树林阻挡了逃路，大大帮助了胜方追击。
Original em inglês
8. the wood devoured more people than the sword--The thick forest of oaks and terebinths, by obstructing the flight, greatly aided the victors in the pursuit.
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简体中文
9. 押沙龙遇见了大卫的仆人——或作「被追上」。「必须时刻防备树枝；当头发挽成大绺垂在后背时，正如我所归属的那一伙人中一位少年人所行的，路上若有粗枝横亘，便很容易把骑者从座位上掀下，并抓住他飘垂的头发」［哈特利］。但也有人认为，圣史所指与其说是头发，不如说是押沙龙的头——他的头在两枝之间奔行时被夹住，扣得如此牢固，以致他既无法挣脱，也无法使用双手。
他所骑的骡子便跑了去——东方人没有我们这样的马鞍，在所骑的牲畜上坐得不那么稳。押沙龙大概是为了在被橡树挂住时挣脱自己，便松开了缰绳，骡子便逃脱了。
Original em inglês
9. Absalom met the servants of David--or was overtaken. "It is necessary to be continually on one's guard against the branches of trees; and when the hair is worn in large locks floating down the back, as was the case with a young man of the party to which I belonged, any thick boughs interposing in the path might easily dislodge a rider from his seat, and catch hold of his flowing hair" [HARTLEY]. Some, however, think that the sacred historian points not so much to the hair, as to the head of Absalom, which, being caught while running between two branches, was enclosed so firmly that he could not disengage himself from the hold, nor make use of his hands.
the mule that was under him went away--The Orientals, not having saddles as we do, do not sit so firmly on the beasts they ride. Absalom quitting his hold of the bridle, apparently to release himself when caught in the oak, the mule escaped.
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11、12. 约押对报信的人说……我必赏赐你十舍客勒银子，一条带子——即要把他从士兵提升为军官。除了一笔钱之外，一条精巧华美的带子，在古希伯来人中乃是荣誉的标志，有时也作为军功的赏赐。然而这兵士——他可以作为大卫忠心臣民的典型代表——对王的心意极其尊重，以致任何赏赐的前景都不能诱使他向押沙龙下手。但约押那坚定的公务本分感——他确信只要那搅扰天下的王子活着，王就不得平安，国就不得安宁，他和其他忠良臣民也不得安全——胜过了他的情感；他认为交给众将的命令更像父母之命而不像王子之命，便冒险违抗了。
Original em inglês
11, 12. Joab said unto the man that told him, . . . I would have given thee ten shekels of silver, and a girdle--that is, would have raised him from the ranks to the status of a commissioned officer. Besides a sum of money, a girdle, curiously and richly wrought, was among the ancient Hebrews a mark of honor, and sometimes bestowed as a reward of military merit. This soldier, however, who may be taken as a fair sample of David's faithful subjects, had so great a respect for the king's wishes, that no prospect of reward would have tempted him to lay violent hands on Absalom. But Joab's stern sense of public duty, which satisfied him that there could be neither safety to the king, nor peace to the kingdom, nor security to him and other loyal subjects, so long as that turbulent prince lived, overcame his sensibilities, and looking upon the charge given to the generals as more befitting a parent than a prince, he ventured to disobey it.
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2Sa 18:14-32.
简体中文
2Sa 18:14-32.
他被约押所杀。
14. 他拿了三根短枪……刺透押沙龙的心——约押所行的一部分，由他的卫士代为完成。这既违背了大卫明示的心愿，也违背了他一切慈父的深情，必然使王深为不悦，也从未被遗忘
（王上2:5）；
然而有最充分的理由相信，约押此举是出于对大卫的利益——无论是作为一个人还是作为一位君王——的真诚关切。
Original em inglês
2Sa 18:14-32.
HE IS SLAIN BY JOAB.
14. he took three darts . . . and thrust them through the heart of Absalom--The deed, partially done by Joab, was completed by his bodyguard. Being a violation of the expressed wish, as well as of all the fond paternal feelings of David, it must have been deeply offensive to the king, nor was it ever forgotten
(1Ki 2:5);
and yet there is the strongest reason for believing that Joab, in doing it, was actuated by a sincere regard to the interests of David, both as a man and a monarch.
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简体中文
16. 约押吹角……约束百姓——他知道篡位者既死，便无需再流更多的血，便停止了追击，借此显出他行事的节制与明智。无论约押对王显得多么苛刻无情，毫无疑问他扮演了一位明智政治家的角色：他视王国的和平与福祉重于主人私人的倾向——那倾向既违背严格的公义，也有损于他自己的利益。押沙龙该按神的律法处死
（申21:18、21），
何况他还是他君王和国家的仇敌；而他在公开战斗中遭遇此死，正是最合适的时机。
Original em inglês
16. Joab blew the trumpet, . . . and held back the people--Knowing that by the death of the usurper there was no occasion for further bloodshed, he put an end to the pursuit and thereby evinced the temperate policy of his conduct. However harsh and unfeeling to the king Joab may appear, there can be no doubt that he acted the part of a wise statesman in regarding the peace and welfare of the kingdom more than his master's private inclinations, which were opposed to strict justice as well as his own interests. Absalom deserved to die by the divine law
(De 21:18, 21),
as well as being an enemy to his king and country; and no time was more fitting than when he met that death in open battle.
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简体中文
17. 他们将押沙龙取下来，丢在一个大坑里……在他身上堆起一大堆石头——东方人向恶名昭彰之人的葬身之处掷石，以示对其记忆的憎恶。过路之人逐渐添加石头，这石堆便越来越大。
Original em inglês
17. they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit . . . and laid a very great heap of stones upon him--The people of the East indicate their detestation of the memory of an infamous person by throwing stones at the place where he is buried. The heap is increased by the gradual accumulation of stones which passers-by add to it.
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18. 押沙龙活着的时候，在王谷为自己立了一根柱子——按原文是「手」。在耶路撒冷东边的约沙法谷中，有一座陵墓或衣冠冢，据说就是这根「柱子」或纪念碑：它二十四呎见方，顶呈圆顶，高四十呎。它也许占了那个地点，但本身不可能是押沙龙的作品，因为它显然带有较后期的建筑风格。
Original em inglês
18. Absalom in his lifetime had reared up for himself a pillar--literally, "hand." In the valley of Jehoshaphat, on the east of Jerusalem, is a tomb or cenotaph, said to be this "pillar" or monument: it is twenty-four feet square, dome-topped, and reaches forty feet in height. This may occupy the spot, but cannot itself be the work of Absalom, as it evidently bears the style of a later architecture.
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19. 撒督的儿子亚希玛斯说……容我……跑去将耶和华报仇的信息报给王——约押为何不肯接受亚希玛斯将胜利的消息报给大卫的请求，后来又让他与另一人同去，注释家各有不同的说法——但这些并不重要。然而众使者的敏捷，以及等候之人的热切激动，却刻画得十分生动。
Original em inglês
19. Then said Ahimaaz . . . Let me . . . run and bear the king tidings--The reasons why Joab declined to accept Ahimaaz' offer to bear intelligence of the victory to David, and afterwards let him go along with another, are variously stated by commentators--but they are of no importance. Yet the alacrity of the messengers, as well as the eager excitement of the expectants, is graphically described.
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23. 从平原的路——或作「圆圈」即「西割」。这词除在此处之外，只见于与约旦河谷相连的用法。在基列的高原上也许曾有一个以此为名的地方或地区，《七十士译本》似乎如此暗示。或者玛哈念相对于战场的位置，也许下到约旦平原比翻越山岭本身更易于抵达。又或者这词可能指（如埃瓦尔德所解）一种快跑的方式［斯坦利］。
Original em inglês
23. by the way of the plain--or ciccar, "circle." This word is only used elsewhere in connection with the valley of the Jordan. It is possible that there may have been a place or region so called on the tablelands of Gilead, as the Septuagint seems to indicate. Or Mahanaim may have been so situated, with the regard to the battlefield, as to be more easily accessible by a descent to the plain of the Jordan, than over the hills themselves. Or the word may signify (as EWALD explains) a manner of quick running [STANLEY].
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24-32. 大卫坐在城门口——即坐在玛哈念城门上方悬出的城楼中。附近有一个守望楼，上面如战时那样设了一个哨兵，为要通报一切发生的事。亚希玛斯所传的信息虽委婉，古示人所传的却毫不含糊地明白。押沙龙的死是一场沉重的试炼；大卫作为君王虽赢得胜利，却作为父亲痛失爱子，前者完全淹没于后者之中，他那情感的爆发，令人不能不为之动容。他对这个不肖之子的非同寻常的炽热而强烈的感情，在他那繁复而激烈的哀叹中迸发出来。
Original em inglês
24-32. David sat between the two gates--that is, in the tower-house on the wall that overhung the gate of Mahanaim. Near it was a watchtower, on which a sentinel was posted, as in times of war, to notify every occurrence. The delicacy of Ahimaaz' communication was made up by the unmistakable plainness of Cushi's. The death of Absalom was a heavy trial, and it is impossible not to sympathize with the outburst of feeling by which David showed that all thoughts of the victory he had won as a king were completely sunk in the painful loss he had sustained as a father. The extraordinary ardor and strength of his affection for this worthless son break out in the redundancy and vehemence of his mournful ejaculations.
2Sa 18:1-4.
大卫检阅军队。
1、2. 大卫数点跟随他的人——基列那些健壮的山地居民成群结队地应其首领之召而来，因此，大卫虽无钱财支付军饷，很快便统率了一支可观的军队。如今一场阵地之战已无可避免。但因王的性命关系重大，不许他亲自上阵；于是他把军队分为三队，分别交由约押、亚比筛和外邦卫兵的统领以太统率。