Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · 2 Samuel Capítulo 19

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2 Samuel Capítulo 19

1

2Sa 19:1-8.

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日本語

2Sa 19:1-8.

ヨアブが王を喪に服することをやめさせる。

Original em inglês

2Sa 19:1-8.

JOAB CAUSES THE KING TO CEASE MOURNING.

3

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3. 民は忍び足で……市に逃げ込んだ——王の打ちひしがれた状態の知らせは、普遍的で時節を得ない陰鬱を広めた。彼の軍勢は、凱旋する軍隊が(常にそうであったように)音楽や公衆の喜びの他の表現をもって迎えられる代わりに、何かの罪を犯したかのように恥じて、密かに音もなく市に忍び込んだ。

Original em inglês

3. the people gat them by stealth . . . to the city--The rumor of the king's disconsolate condition spread a universal and unseasonable gloom. His troops, instead of being welcomed back (as a victorious army always was) with music and other demonstrations of public joy, slunk secretly and silently into the city, as if ashamed after the commission of some crime.

4

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4. 王は顔を覆った——喪の通常のしるしの一つである(

2Sa 15:30 を参照)。

Original em inglês

4. the king covered his face--one of the usual signs of mourning (see on

2Sa 15:30).

5

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5. あなたは……すべての家来たちの顔に恥をかかせた——悲しみにふけるために身を引くことによって、彼らの奉仕を不快とし、彼らの献身を煩わしいものとして。彼らの帰還を喜びと感謝をもって迎える代わりに、あなたは彼らにあなたを見るという小さな喜びさえ拒んだ。ヨアブの抗議は正当かつ必要であったが、粗暴な仕方でなされた。彼は、その無礼な振る舞いによって重要な奉仕を台無しにし、奉仕を行う相手に常に義務感を呼び覚ますような人々の一人であった。彼は、家臣が王に示すにはふさわしくない高慢な調子でダビデに語った。

Original em inglês

5. Thou hast shamed . . . the faces of all thy servants--by withdrawing thyself to indulge in grief, as if their services were disagreeable and their devotion irksome to thee. Instead of hailing their return with joy and gratitude, thou hast refused them the small gratification of seeing thee. Joab's remonstrance was right and necessary, but it was made with harshness. He was one of those persons who spoil their important services by the insolence of their manners, and who always awaken a feeling of obligation in those to whom they render any services. He spoke to David in a tone of hauteur that ill became a subject to show towards his king.

7

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7. さあ、立ち上がって出て行き、あなたの家来たちに優しく語りなさい——王はヨアブの叱責の真実を感じた。しかしそれを強要した脅し——将軍の軍における限りない人気に基づくものであった——は、彼が危険な人物であることを示していた。そしてその事情と、アブシャロムを彼のゆえに穏やかにあしらえという明文の命令の違反とが、ダビデの心に確固たる憎しみを生み出し、それは彼がソロモンに与えた最後の指示において強く示された。

Original em inglês

7. Now . . . arise, go forth, and speak comfortably unto thy servants--The king felt the truth of Joab's reprimand; but the threat by which it was enforced, grounded as it was on the general's unbounded popularity with the army, showed him to be a dangerous person; and that circumstance, together with the violation of an express order to deal gently for his sake with Absalom, produced in David's mind a settled hatred, which was strongly manifested in his last directions to Solomon.

8

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8. 王は立ち上がって、門のところに座った——彼は訴訟を聞くためのいつもの場所に毎日現れた。

民はみな王の前に出た——すなわち、彼の政府に忠実であり、彼の大義のために戦った忠実な地元の民。

イスラエルは逃げた——すなわち、アブシャロムの支持者たち。彼は敗北したとき、四散し、逃走によって身を救った。

Original em inglês

8. the king arose, and sat in the gate--He appeared daily in the usual place for the hearing of causes.

all the people came before the king--that is, the loyal natives who had been faithful to his government, and fought in his cause.

Israel had fled--that is, the adherents of Absalom, who, on his defeat, had dispersed and saved themselves by flight.

9

2Sa 19:9-43.

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2Sa 19:9-43.

イスラエル人が王を連れ戻す。

9-11. イスラエルの全部族のうちで、すべての民が争い合っていた——王国は完全に秩序を失っていた。

2Sa 19:9, 10

には、三つの異なる党派の感情が表されている。すなわち、王党派、非常に多数を誇っていたアブシャロムの支持者、そしてダビデ王朝に対して無関心な者たちである。このような状況において、征服者として急いで戻り、王座に再び就くことをしなかったのは、王にとって正しいことであった。ある程度、再選が必要であった。彼は呼び戻されることを期待して、しばらくヨルダンの向こう側にとどまった。その招きは与えられたが、しかしユダの同意はなかった。ダビデは、自分の部族の見かけ上の冷淡さに失望し、立腹して、二人の大祭を遣わし、ユダ人に自らの大義に顕著な関心を抱かせようとした。これは巧妙な政治家の所作であった。ヘブロンが反乱の本拠であったから、彼らが忠誠と義務に戻ることを励ますのは、彼として優雅なことであった。最後尾の部族とならないよう、彼らの名誉に訴えたのである。しかし、この別個の伝言と、彼らに与えられた優遇とは、他の部族の間で嫉妬の爆発を引き起こし、致命的な結果に及ぶところであった〔

2Sa 19:40-43 を参照〕。

Original em inglês

2Sa 19:9-43.

THE ISRAELITES BRING THE KING BACK.

9-11. all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel--The kingdom was completely disorganized. The sentiments of three different parties are represented in

2Sa 19:9, 10:

the royalists, the adherents of Absalom who had been very numerous, and those who were indifferent to the Davidic dynasty. In these circumstances the king was right in not hastening back, as a conqueror, to reascend his throne. A re-election was, in some measure, necessary. He remained for some time on the other side of Jordan, in expectation of being invited back. That invitation was given without, however, the concurrence of Judah. David, disappointed and vexed by his own tribe's apparent lukewarmness, despatched the two high priests to rouse the Judahites to take a prominent interest in his cause. It was the act of a skilful politician. Hebron having been the seat of the rebellion, it was graceful on his part to encourage their return to allegiance and duty; it was an appeal to their honor not to be the last of the tribes. But this separate message, and the preference given to them, occasioned an outburst of jealousy among the other tribes that was nearly followed by fatal consequences [see

2Sa 19:40-43].

13

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13. あなたがたはアマサに言え云々——これもまた巧みな政治の一打であった。ダビデは、反乱を鎮圧するために、それを生かしておきうる唯一の指導者をその大義から引き離すことの重要性を十分に認識していた。それゆえ彼は、耐え難くなっていたヨアブに代えて、アマサを軍の指揮官に昇格させる意図を密かに示した。王は正当にも、生来の気質と王の赦しに対する感謝のゆえに、彼がより従順なしもべになるだろうと考えた。そしてダビデは疑いなく誠意をもってこの約束を果たすつもりであった。しかしヨアブは巧みに高位を保った(

2Sa 20:4-10 を参照)。

Original em inglês

13. And say ye to Amasa, &c.--This also was a dextrous stroke of policy. David was fully alive to the importance, for extinguishing the rebellion, of withdrawing from that cause the only leader who could keep it alive; and he, therefore, secretly intimated his intention to raise Amasa to the command of the army in the place of Joab, whose overbearing haughtiness had become intolerable. The king justly reckoned, that from natural temper as well as gratitude for the royal pardon, he would prove a more tractable servant; and David, doubtless, intended in all sincerity to fulfil this promise. But Joab managed to retain his high position (see on

2Sa 20:4-10).

14

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14. 彼はユダのすべての人々の心を傾けさせた——すなわち、味方につけられたアマサが、彼の大きな影響力を用いて、ユダの全部族を再びダビデの利益に結びつけた。

Original em inglês

14. he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah--that is, Amasa, who had been won over, used his great influence in re-attaching the whole tribe of Judah to the interest of David.

15

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15. ユダはギルガルに来た——王と朝廷をヨルダンに渡らせるための準備ができる最も便利な場所であった。

Original em inglês

15. Judah came to Gilgal--the most convenient place where preparations could be made for bringing the king and court over the Jordan.

16

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16-23. シメイ……彼と共にベニヤミン人一千人——〔シメイの〕従者たちのこの誇示は、王に反対して、あるいは王を支持して、彼がどれほどの兵力を動員しうるかを示すためであった。彼は以前の粗暴な振る舞いに対する最深の後悔を表明し、その場で赦された。ゼルヤの子はこの首領を公開の見せしめにするのが時宜にかなっていると主張したが、その出過ぎた振る舞いはダビデの寛大さによって退けられた。そしてダビデは、自分が今や王国において再び確立されたという大きな自信を持っていた(

1Ki 2:8 を参照)。

Original em inglês

16-23. Shemei . . . a thousand men of Benjamin with him--This display of [Shemei's] followers was to show what force he could raise against or in support of the king. Expressing the deepest regret for his former outrageous conduct, he was pardoned on the spot; and although the son of Zeruiah urged the expediency of making this chief a public example, his officiousness was repulsed by David with magnanimity, and with the greater confidence that he felt himself now re-established in the kingdom (see on

1Ki 2:8).

17

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17. サウルの家のしもべジバ——彼は主人を欺いていた。足の不自由な王子が王に会いに行くためにろばを用意するよう命じられたとき、彼は自分だけ先に抜け出して挨拶に行った。それで足の不自由なメフィボシェテは王の到着までエルサレムに留まらなければならなかった。

Original em inglês

17. Ziba, the servant of the house of Saul--He had deceived his master; and when ordered to make ready the ass for the lame prince to go and meet the king, he slipped away by himself to pay court first; so that Mephibosheth, being lame, had to remain in Jerusalem till the king's arrival.

18

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18. 渡し舟——おそらくいかだであり、今でもその川のその区画で使用されている。

Original em inglês

18. ferry boat--probably rafts, which are still used on that part of the river.

20

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20. ヨセフの全家に先立って、この私が参りました——すなわち、イスラエルの残りすべてに先立って。

(Ps 77:15; 80:1; 81:5; Zec 10:6)。

Original em inglês

20. I am come the first . . . of all the house of Joseph--that is, before all the rest of Israel

(Ps 77:15; 80:1; 81:5; Zec 10:6).

24

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24-30. メフィボシェテは……王を迎えに下ってきた——メフィボシェテに与えられた扱いはダビデにとってあまり立派なものではなかった。その王子の王の不幸に対する悲しみの誠実さは疑いえない。

彼は足を洗わず——風呂に入らず、

髭を整えなかった——ヘブル人は上唇の毛(

Le 13:45

の注解を参照)

と頬の毛をそり落としたが、耳から耳にかけてのあご髭は注意深く大切に育てた。黒や赤に染めることはあるが、それは東洋では例外であって規則ではない。髭を整えるにはいろいろな様式がある。もこもこと茂みのように、ふくらんで丸い形に仕立てるか、あるいはピラミッドのように鋭い先で終わらせる。様式が何であれ、常に最大の注意をもって整えられ、彼らは通常その目的のために小さなくしを持ち歩く。髭の手入れを怠ったことは、メフィボシェテの悲しみの深さの確かな証拠であった。王は彼を責めるように迎えたようであり、彼の有罪も無罪も確信をもてなかった。この場合のダビデのぞんざいな扱いを称賛することも、その不公平な裁定を承認することもできない。もし彼が事態の重圧によって急ぎ、気を取られて十分に調査できなかったのであれば、決定を延期すべきであった。なぜなら、「地を分ける」

(2Sa 19:29)

によって、メフィボシェテが所有者、ジバが小作人と認められる以前の取り決めが継続することを意味するのであれば、彼をひどく中傷した小作人を当てがうことは所有者に加えられた不当であった。しかし「地を分ける」によって彼らが同額を分け合うことになるのであれば、決定の不正はさらに大きくなる。いかなる見方をするにせよ、メフィボシェテに示された寛大で私心のない精神は、高潔な心の持ち主であったヨナタンの息子にふさわしいものであった。

Original em inglês

24-30. Mephibosheth . . . came down to meet the king--The reception given to Mephibosheth was less creditable to David. The sincerity of that prince's grief for the misfortunes of the king cannot be doubted.

He had neither dressed his feet--not taken the bath,

nor trimmed his beard--The Hebrews cut off the hair on the upper lip (see on

Le 13:45),

and cheeks, but carefully cherished it on the chin from ear to ear. Besides dyeing it black or red colors, which, however, is the exception, and not the rule in the East, there are various modes of trimming it: they train it into a massy, bushy form, swelling and round; or they terminate it like a pyramid, in a sharp point. Whatever the mode, it is always trimmed with the greatest care; and they usually carry a small comb for the purpose. The neglect of this attention to his beard was an undoubted proof of the depth of Mephibosheth's grief. The king seems to have received him upbraidingly, and not to have been altogether sure either of his guilt or innocence. It is impossible to commend the cavalier treatment, any more than to approve the partial award, of David in this case. If he were too hurried and distracted by the pressure of circumstances to inquire fully into the matter, he should have postponed his decision; for if by "dividing the land"

(2Sa 19:29)

he meant that the former arrangement should be continued by which Mephibosheth was acknowledged the proprietor, and Ziba the farmer, it was a hardship inflicted on the owner to fix him with a tenant who had so grossly slandered him. But if by "dividing the land," they were now to share alike, the injustice of the decision was greatly increased. In any view, the generous, disinterested spirit displayed by Mephibosheth was worthy a son of the noble-hearted Jonathan.

31

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31-40. ギルアデ人バルジライ——このギルアデ人の首長の地位、高齢、騎士的な献身が私たちの敬意を勝ち取る。彼が宮廷に行くことを辞退したこと、息子を推薦したこと、ヨルダン川を越える護衛、そして王との別れの場面は興味深い挿話である。キムハムに下された王寵のしるしが何であったかは記録されていない。しかしダビデがベツレヘムにおける個人の世襲財産の大部分をキムハムとその相続人に永代に与えた可能性が高い

(Jer 41:17)。

Original em inglês

31-40. Barzillai the Gileadite--The rank, great age, and chivalrous devotion of this Gileadite chief wins our respect. His declining to go to court, his recommendation of his son, his convoy across the Jordan, and his parting scene with the king, are interesting incidents. What mark of royal favor was bestowed on Chimham has not been recorded; but it is probable that David gave a great part of his personal patrimony in Beth-lehem to Chimham and his heirs in perpetuity

(Jer 41:17).

35

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35. 歌う男たちや歌う女たちの声——職業的音乐家の楽団は、東洋の君主の宮廷における顕著な付属物となっている。

Original em inglês

35. the voice of singing men and singing women--Bands of professional musicians form a prominent appendage to the courts of Oriental princes.

37

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37. 私の父や母の墓のそばに葬ってください——これは東洋の人々が自分の家族に割り当てられた埋葬地に対して抱く強い愛着の一例である。

Original em inglês

37. buried by the grave of my father and of my mother--This is an instance of the strong affection of people in the East towards the places of sepulture appropriated to their families.

40

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40-43. 王はギルガルへ進んだ。……ユダの民はみな王を送り、イスラエルの民の半分も王を送った——進み続けることへの焦りからであったか、あるいはほかの理由からであったかは不明であるが、ダビデは全部族が彼を首都への帰還に際して送るために到着するのを待たなかった。アマサがユダ人の護衛を連れてきた途端に行列は始まり、この部族に与えられた優先が、激しいねたみを生み、それは今終わったばかりのものよりも激しい内戦をほとんど引き起こすところであった。部族間で言葉の戦いが続いた。イスラエルはその数の優位に議論の根拠を置いた。「彼らは王において十の割りを持っていた」のに対し、ユダは一つにすぎなかった。ユダは王により近い親族関係を根拠として先頭に立つ権利を主張した。これはダビデの家にとって危険な要求であった。そしてそれは、まもなく王国の分裂を導いた部族間の不和の種がすでに蒔かれていることを示している。

Original em inglês

40-43. the king went on to Gilgal, . . . and all the people of Judah conducted the king, and also half the people of Israel--Whether from impatience to move on or from some other cause, David did not wait till all the tribes had arrived to conduct him on his return to the capital. The procession began as soon as Amasa had brought the Judahite escort, and the preference given to this tribe produced a bitter jealousy, which was nearly kindling a civil war fiercer than that which had just ended. A war of words ensued between the tribes--Israel resting their argument on their superior numbers; "they had ten parts in the king," whereas Judah had no more than one. Judah grounded their right to take the lead, on the ground of their nearer relationship to the king. This was a claim dangerous to the house of David; and it shows the seeds were already sown for that tribal dissension which, before long, led to the dismemberment of the kingdom.