Comentário do capítulo
2 Samuel Capítulo 20
1
2Sa 20:1-9.
简体中文
Original em inglês
2Sa 20:1-9.
SHEBA MAKES A PARTY IN ISRAEL.
1. Sheba . . . a Benjamite--Though nothing is known of this man, he must have been a person of considerable power and influence, before he could have raised so sudden and extensive a sedition. He belonged to the tribe of Benjamin, where the adherents of Saul's dynasty were still numerous; and perceiving the strong disgust of the other tribes with the part assumed by Judah in the restoration, his ill-designing heart resolved to turn it to the overthrow of David's authority in Israel.
every man to his tents--This proverbial expression may have had its foundation in the fact, that many of the Israelite peasantry adhered to the custom of the patriarchs who tilled land, and yet lived in tents, as Syrian peasants often do still. This was the usual watchword of national insurrection, and from the actual temper of the people, it was followed by effects beyond what he probably anticipated.
2
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简体中文
2. 从约旦直到耶路撒冷——争吵是在渡过约旦河后不久，在犹大与其余支派之间爆发的；其余支派纷纷退去，以致犹大几乎独力护送王回到京都。
Original em inglês
2. from Jordan even to Jerusalem--The quarrel had broken out shortly after the crossing of the Jordan, between Judah and the other tribes, who withdrew; so that Judah was left nearly alone to conduct the king to the metropolis.
3
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3. 王就把那十个妃嫔带走——犹太学者说，希伯来君王遗下的王后不许再嫁，必须在严格的幽禁中度过余生。大卫在那十个妃嫔被押沙龙玷污之后，也是这样待她们。她们并未被休弃，因她们是无辜的；但她们不再被公开承认为他的妻妾；她们被禁闭在幽居之中，这刑罚在那女子向来少有外出的地方，并不算是太重的厄运。
Original em inglês
3. the king took the ten women his concubines--Jewish writers say that the widowed queens of Hebrew monarchs were not allowed to marry again but were obliged to pass the rest of their lives in strict seclusion. David treated his concubines in the same manner after the outrage committed on them by Absalom. They were not divorced, for they were guiltless; but they were no longer publicly recognized as his wives; nor was their confinement to a sequestered life a very heavy doom, in a region where women have never been accustomed to go much abroad.
4
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4. 王对亚玛撒说，你要在三日之内将犹大人招聚到我这里来——如今亚玛撒被授予了大卫所应许他的统帅之职。十支派的叛变大概加速了这一任命的公开宣布，他指望这任命能得他们的欢心；亚玛撒受命在三日之内从犹大征集一支足以平定叛乱的兵力。这一任命是个失策，王不久便察觉了自己的错误。所定的期限已过，亚玛撒却未能召集齐人马。王恐怕贻误时机，便把这项差事交给亚比筛，而不是约押——这是新的轻慢，无疑伤了这位严厉而傲慢的老将军的自尊。但他仍带着忠于自己的兵士赶去作兄弟的副手，决意要抓住第一个机会向他这位得势的对手复仇。
Original em inglês
4. Then said the king to Amasa, Assemble me the men of Judah within three days--Amasa is now installed in the command which David had promised him. The revolt of the ten tribes, probably, hastened the public declaration of this appointment, which he hoped would be popular with them, and Amasa was ordered within three days to levy a force from Judah sufficient to put down the insurrection. The appointment was a blunder, and the king soon perceived his error. The specified time passed, but Amasa could not muster the men. Dreading the loss of time, the king gave the commission to Abishai, and not to Joab--a new affront, which, no doubt, wounded the pride of the stern and haughty old general. But he hastened with his attached soldiers to go as second to his brother, determined to take the first opportunity of wreaking his vengeance on his successful rival.
8
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8. 亚玛撒在他们前头走——他召集了一些兵马，急行军在基遍追上了出征的队伍，便就任统帅之位；约押也在向他致意的人之中。
约押所穿的衣物，束在身上——是行路人和兵士的装束。
一把刀……他出来的时候，刀掉了出来——即从鞘中掉出。据约瑟夫所记，他在迎见亚玛撒时故意让刀落下，以便弯腰——像是偶然地——去拾刀时，可以手中握着出鞘的刀向这位新元帅致意，而不引起任何对他图谋的疑心。
他出去——以郑重的礼节出去迎接如今已任元帅之职的亚玛撒，为要看似向这位他所视为篡夺己职的军官致以显赫的尊荣和敬意。
Original em inglês
8. Amasa went before them--Having collected some forces, he by a rapid march overtook the expedition at Gibeon, and assumed the place of commander; in which capacity, he was saluted, among others, by Joab.
Joab's garment, that he had put on was girded unto him--in the fashion of travellers and soldiers.
a sword . . . and as he went forth it fell out--that is, out of the scabbard. According to JOSEPHUS, he let it drop on purpose as he was accosting Amasa, that stooping, as it were accidentally, to pick it up, he might salute the new general with the naked sword in his hand, without exciting any suspicion of his design.
He went forth--in a ceremonious manner to meet Amasa, now commander-in-chief, in order to seem to render to that officer, whom he considered as usurping his post, a conspicuous honor and homage.
9
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9. 右手抓住亚玛撒的胡须要与他亲嘴——这一动作在两个朋友相见、其中一人远行归来时颇为常见，既表示尊重也表示亲切；它的实行显出约押极深的虚伪，他借此使亚玛撒放松了戒备。无怪乎当这久别之后友好的致意占去了亚玛撒的注意时，他没有察觉约押左手中的那把刀。约押的动作实在是极高的恭维，却既无可疑也不反常；亚玛撒既专注于这恭维，无疑也以相应的礼节回礼，他怎会料到约押的背信所带来的致命结局。
Original em inglês
9. took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him--This act, common with two friends on meeting when one of them returns from a journey, indicates respect as well as kindliness, and the performance of it evinced the deep hypocrisy of Joab, who thereby put Amasa off his guard. No wonder, then, that while this act of friendly gratulation after long absence occupied Amasa's attention, he did not perceive the sword that was in Joab's left hand. The action of Joab was indeed a high compliment, but neither suspicious nor unusual and to this compliment, Amasa paying attention and no doubt returning it with suitable politeness, he could little expect the fatal event that Joab's perfidy produced.
10
2Sa 20:10-13.
简体中文
2Sa 20:10-13.
亚玛撒被杀。
10. 刺入他的第五肋——就是肝肠所在之处，伤于此处乃是致命的。
没有再刺他——即一击便结果了他。
Original em inglês
2Sa 20:10-13.
AMASA IS SLAIN.
10. smote him . . . in the fifth rib--the seat of the liver and bowels, where wounds are mortal.
struck him not again--that is, despatched him at the first blow.
11
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11-13. 喜悦约押的，和归顺大卫的，都当跟随约押——约押在他们眼前犯下这桩恶毒的谋杀，全军却仍一致地追随他作为追击示巴的领袖，这是约押在军中无可匹敌之影响力的有力明证。一个兵士将他的名字与大卫相提并论，「约押」二字竟有如此魔力，使所有的人——亚玛撒的人与其余的人——「都跟随着去」。这两个名字连在一起很有意义。它表明两者缺一不可——约押不能背叛大卫，大卫虽恨约押，也无法摆脱他。
Original em inglês
11-13. He that favoureth Joab, and he that is for David, let him go after Joab--It is a striking proof of Joab's unrivalled influence over the army, that with this villainous murder perpetrated before their eyes they unanimously followed him as their leader in pursuit of Sheba. A soldier conjoined his name with David's, and such a magic spell was in the word "Joab," that all the people "went on"--Amasa's men as well as the rest. The conjunction of these two names is very significant. It shows that the one could not afford to do without the other--neither Joab to rebel against David, nor David to get rid of Joab, though hating him.
14
2Sa 20:14, 15.
简体中文
2Sa 20:14, 15.
约押追击示巴直到亚比拉。
14. 他走遍以色列各支派，直到亚比拉——沿途招募兵员。但约押的急行军在那里追上了他，并以严密的围城将他困住。
Original em inglês
2Sa 20:14, 15.
JOAB PURSUES SHEBA UNTO ABEL.
14. he went through all the tribes of Israel unto Abel--beating up for recruits. But there the prompt marches of Joab overtook and hemmed him in by a close siege of the place.
15
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15. 伯玛迦的亚比拉——一个青翠的地方——「玛迦」这一附加表明它属于玛迦地区，该地区在约旦河上游，黎巴嫩山脚下。
Original em inglês
15. Abel of Beth-maachah--a verdant place--the addition of "Maachah" betokening that it belonged to the district Maachah, which lay far up the Jordan at the foot of Lebanon.
16
2Sa 20:16-22.
简体中文
2Sa 20:16-22.
一个聪明的妇人凭示巴的首级救了那城。
16. 有一个聪明的妇人大声呼叫——这妇人大概像底波拉一样，是那地的士师或治理者，她所发出的呼吁十分有力。
Original em inglês
2Sa 20:16-22.
A WISE WOMAN SAVES THE CITY BY SHEBA'S HEAD.
16. Then cried a wise woman--The appeal of this woman, who, like Deborah, was probably a judge or governess of the place, was a strong one.
18
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18-20. 古时人常说——《旁注》的译文意思更好，大意如下：百姓见你围攻亚比拉，便说，他必定会问我们要不要和平，因为律法
（申20:10）
规定要向陌生人宣告和平，何况是以色列的城邑呢；他若如此行，我们很快便能达成和睦的协议，因我们是爱好和平的百姓。约押的回答显出这位冷酷的老兵骨子里却是一个爱国者：他既拿获了这场叛乱的首犯，便愿意停止进一步的流血，使爱好和平的居民免受一切骚扰。
Original em inglês
18-20. They were wont to speak in old time--The translation of the Margin gives a better meaning, which is to this effect: When the people saw thee lay siege to Abel, they said, Surely he will ask if we will have peace, for the law
(De 20:10)
prescribes that he should offer peace to strangers, much more then to Israelitish cities; and if he do this, we shall soon bring things to an amicable agreement, for we are a peaceable people. The answer of Joab brings out the character of that ruthless veteran as a patriot at heart, who, on securing the author of this insurrection, was ready to put a stop to further bloodshed and release the peaceable inhabitants from all molestation.
23
2Sa 20:23-26.
简体中文
2Sa 20:23-26.
大卫的大臣。
23. 约押统管以色列全军——大卫无论私下有何意愿，发现自己并没有能力撤换约押；于是他对亚玛撒的被杀睁一只眼闭一只眼，重新设立这位官员在他从前全军统帅的职位上。此处列举大卫的内阁，是要表明政府已恢复到惯常的运作轨道。
Original em inglês
2Sa 20:23-26.
DAVID'S GREAT OFFICERS.
23. Now Joab was over all the host of Israel--David, whatever his private wishes, found that he possessed not the power of removing Joab; so winking at the murder of Amasa, he re-established that officer in his former post of commander-in-chief. The enumeration of David's cabinet is here given to show that the government was re-established in its wonted course.
2Sa 20:1-9.
示巴在以色列中结党。
1. 示巴……是便雅悯人——这人虽无可考，但必是一位颇具势力影响的人物，否则不可能如此迅速地掀起如此广泛的叛乱。他属便雅悯支派，那里拥护扫罗王朝的人仍不在少数；他既见其他支派对犹大在复辟之事上所扮演的角色深感不满，他那居心叵测的心便决意借此推翻大卫在以色列中的王权。
以色列人哪，你们各回各家去吧——这一谚语式的说法，其由来或许在于许多以色列平民仍遵行先祖的习俗，一面耕种田地，一面仍住帐篷，正如叙利亚的农人至今仍常如此。这是全国性叛乱的惯常口号，而从百姓当时的实际情绪来看，它所引发的效果远超他所预期的。