Comentário do capítulo
Deuteronomy Capítulo 11
1
De 11:1-32.
日本語
Original em inglês
De 11:1-32.
AN EXHORTATION TO OBEDIENCE.
1. Therefore thou shalt love the Lord thy God, and keep his charge--The reason for the frequent repetition of the same or similar counsels is to be traced to the infantine character and state of the church, which required line upon line and precept upon precept. Besides, the Israelites were a headstrong and perverse people, impatient of control, prone to rebellion, and, from their long stay in Egypt, so violently addicted to idolatry, that they ran imminent risk of being seduced by the religion of the country to which they were going, which, in its characteristic features, bore a strong resemblance to that of the country they had left.
2
Sem título
日本語
2-9. 私は、知らないあなたがたの子どもたちに語るのではない。しかし、あなたがたの目は、主が行われたすべての大いなるわざを見た――モーセはここで、神がパロの圧政からの解放を成就する際に行われた、恐るべきさばきの奇跡と不思議、ならびに荒野で起こったそれらの事柄の簡潔な要約を与えている。彼はこれらについて詳しく語ることができると知っていた。なぜなら、それらの恐ろしい出来事の目撃者であった多くの人々に語っていたからである。実のところ、彼らが荒野で死ぬという神の脅しとその執行は、戦争に出ることのできる二十歳以上の男子にのみ及んだことを思い起こすべきである。二十歳未満の男子、すべての女子、およびレビ部族のすべての者は、その宣告の対象ではなかった
(民 14:28-30; 16:49 参照)。
それゆえ、その時のイスラエル人のうち数千人、「あなたがたの目は主が行われたすべての大いなるわざを見た」とモーセが言えた人々がいたであろう。そして彼らに関するモーセの歴史の回顧は、従順の義務と利益とに彼らの心を駆り立てるのに適切であった。
Original em inglês
2-9. I speak not with your children which have not known . . . But your eyes have seen all the great acts of the Lord which he did--Moses is here giving a brief summary of the marvels and miracles of awful judgment which God had wrought in effecting their release from the tyranny of Pharaoh, as well as those which had taken place in the wilderness. He knew that he might dwell upon these, for he was addressing many who had been witnesses of those appalling incidents. For it will be remembered that the divine threatening that they should die in the wilderness, and its execution, extended only to males from twenty years and upward, who were able to go forth to war. No males under twenty years of age, no females, and none of the tribe of Levi, were objects of the denunciation (see
Nu 14:28-30; 16:49).
There might, therefore, have been many thousands of the Israelites at that time of whom Moses could say, "Your eyes have seen all the great acts which He did"; and with regard to those the historic review of Moses was well calculated to stir up their minds to the duty and advantages of obedience.
10
Sem título
日本語
10-12. あなたが入って行って所有する地は、あなたがたが出てきたエジプトの地のようではない――パレスチナの物理的特徴は、隷役の地のそれとは際立った対比をなす。広く延びる平原がエジプトの耕作部分をなす。そしてこの低く平坦な国の大部分に雨は決して降らない。この自然の欠乏は、ナイルの毎年の増水と、川が通常の水路に引いたのちの人工的手段によって同じ源から補われる。岸のすぐそばでは、灌漑の過程は非常に簡単である。耕作者は種を蒔いた方形の床の縁に小さな水門を開き、畝を作っていく。そして十分な量の水が注ぎ込まれたのち、足でそれを閉じる。岸が高い所では、水は揚水機械によって汲み上げられる。揚水機械には、川の水位の低下に応じて異なる力を持つ三種類がある。水は小さな水路または土の導水路に分配され、構造は簡単で、足で操作され、園丁が鍬でその進路を導く際に作られ、必要に応じて足で土を押し込むことで堤防を盛るか開く。このように、イスラエル人が長く住んでいた地は灌漑された。約束の地では、このような警戒と労苦は必要でない。一つの短い季節にだけ湿気に訪れられ、その年の残りの間しおれる枯れた状態に置かれる代わりに、毎シーズン温暖な気候の穏やかな影響を楽しむ。丘は頻繁な雲を引き寄せ、 refresh する夕立の中で神の祝福が特にその地の上に留まる。
Original em inglês
10-12. For the land, whither thou goest in to possess it, is not as the land of Egypt, from whence ye came out--The physical features of Palestine present a striking contrast to those of the land of bondage. A widely extending plain forms the cultivated portion of Egypt, and on the greater part of this low and level country rain never falls. This natural want is supplied by the annual overflow of the Nile, and by artificial means from the same source when the river has receded within its customary channel. Close by the bank the process of irrigation is very simple. The cultivator opens a small sluice on the edge of the square bed in which seed has been sown, making drill after drill; and when a sufficient quantity of water has poured in, he shuts it up with his foot. Where the bank is high, the water is drawn up by hydraulic engines, of which there are three kinds used, of different power, according to the subsidence of the stream. The water is distributed in small channels or earthen conduits, simple in construction, worked by the foot, and formed with a mattock by the gardener who directs their course, and which are banked up or opened, as occasion may require, by pressing in the soil with the foot. Thus was the land watered in which the Israelites had dwelt so long. Such vigilance and laborious industry would not be needed in the promised land. Instead of being visited with moisture only at one brief season and left during the rest of the year under a withering blight, every season it would enjoy the benign influences of a genial climate. The hills would attract the frequent clouds, and in the refreshing showers the blessing of God would especially rest upon the land.
12
Sem título
日本語
12. あなたの神、主が介抱される地――すなわち、人の助けや機械的手段なしに、ご自身の手で水を注がれるように。
Original em inglês
12. A land which the Lord thy God careth for--that is, watering it, as it were, with His own hands, without human aid or mechanical means.
14
Sem título
日本語
14. 早い雨と遅い雨――早い雨は秋、すなわち主に九月と十月に始まり、遅い雨は春、すなわち三月と四月に降った。冬の間にも時折の驟雨が降ったが、秋と春の季節にはより頻繁で、豊富で、重要であった。早い雨は、暑く長引く夏ののち、土壌が種を受け入れる準備をするために必要であり、収穫の直前に降った遅い雨は、衰えゆく植物の力を回復させるのに最も役立った
(エレ 5:24; ヨエ 2:23; アモ 4:7; ヤコ 5:7)。
Original em inglês
14. the first rain and the latter rain--The early rain commenced in autumn, that is, chiefly during the months of September and October, while the latter rain fell in the spring of the year, that is, during the months of March and April. It is true that occasional showers fell all the winter; but, at the autumnal and vernal seasons, they were more frequent, copious, and important; for the early rain was necessary, after a hot and protracted summer, to prepare the soil for receiving the seed; and the latter rain, which shortly preceded the harvest, was of the greatest use in invigorating the languishing powers of vegetation
(Jer 5:24; Joe 2:23; Am 4:7; Jas 5:7).
15
Sem título
日本語
15-17. わたしはあなたの家畜のために野に草を送る――早い雨と遅い雨の特別な祝福
[申 11:14]
が、古代のカナンの並外れた豊かさの主要な原因の一つであったことは疑いない。その祝福は、国民的契約への忠誠に対する一時的な報酬としてイスラエル人に約束された
[申 11:13]。
不服従または背教の場合には取り下げられると脅された。そしてその脅しの執行は、現代のパレスチンの不毛さにおいて最も顕著に見られる。イギリスの農夫ロウシアン氏は、ヨッパからエルサレムへの旅の間、イギリスの最も貧しい場所でも何らかの野生の植物が見られるのに、一本の草も見られないことに衝撃を受けた。彼はこの問題に特に注意を向け、エルサレムでの一ヶ月の滞在中に調査を続け、そこで少量の乳が高い値段で住民に毎日売られ、それも主にろばの乳であることを知った。「非常に明確に」と彼は言う、「私は国の大部分の不毛が早い雨と遅い雨の停止によることを知覚した。そして草や花の不在が、もはやそれを
(申 11:9)
乳と蜜の流れる地にしなかった。」
Original em inglês
15-17. I will send grass in thy fields for thy cattle--Undoubtedly the special blessing of the former and the latter rain
[De 11:14]
was one principal cause of the extraordinary fertility of Canaan in ancient times. That blessing was promised to the Israelites as a temporal reward for their fidelity to the national covenant
[De 11:13].
It was threatened to be withdrawn on their disobedience or apostasy; and most signally is the execution of that threatening seen in the present sterility of Palestine. MR. LOWTHIAN, an English farmer, who was struck during his journey from Joppa to Jerusalem by not seeing a blade of grass, where even in the poorest localities of Britain some wild vegetation is found, directed his attention particularly to the subject, and pursued the inquiry during a month's residence in Jerusalem, where he learned that a miserably small quantity of milk is daily sold to the inhabitants at a dear rate, and that chiefly asses' milk. "Most clearly," says he, "did I perceive that the barrenness of large portions of the country was owing to the cessation of the early and latter rain, and that the absence of grass and flowers made it no longer the land
(De 11:9)
flowing with milk and honey."
18
Sem título
日本語
18-25. これらのわたしの言葉を心とたましいに納め、それを縛りなさい――
(申 6:1 参照)。
Original em inglês
18-25. lay up these my words in your heart and in your soul, and bind them--(See on
De 6:1).
24
Sem título
日本語
24. あなたがたの足の裏が踏む所はすべて、あなたがたのものとなる――ユダヤ人が世界の主となるという意味ではなく、約束の地の中のあらゆる場所の意味。それは従順の条件の下で彼らに与えられ、所有されるべきであった。
荒野から――南のアラバ。
レバノン――北の限界。
ユーフラテス――東の境界。彼らの支配の授与はそこまで及び、その権利はソロモンにおいて成就した。
最後の海まで――地中海。
Original em inglês
24. Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread shall be yours--not as if the Jews should be lords of the world, but of every place within the promised land. It should be granted to them and possessed by them, on conditions of obedience:
from the wilderness--the Arabah on the south;
Lebanon--the northern limit;
Euphrates--their boundary on the east. Their grant of dominion extended so far, and the right was fulfilled to Solomon.
even unto the uttermost sea--the Mediterranean.
26
Sem título
日本語
26-32. 見よ、私は今日、あなたがたの前に祝福とのろいを置く――
(申 27:11 参照)。
Original em inglês
26-32. Behold, I set before you this day a blessing and a curse--(See on
De 27:11).
申 11:1-32.
従順への勧め。
1. それゆえ、あなたは主あなたの神を愛し、その守りを守らなければならない――同じまたは類似の教訓の頻繁な繰り返しの理由は、教会の幼な性質と状態に求められる。それは線に線を、規定に規定を重ねることを必要とした。そのうえ、イスラエル人は強情で頑なな民であり、統制に耐えず、反逆しやすく、エジプトでの長期の滞在のゆえに偶像礼拝に激しく中毒しており、向かって行く国の宗教によって誘惑される切迫した危険に直面していた。その国の宗教は、彼らが去ってきた国の宗教と強い類似を特徴としていた。