Comentário do capítulo
Deuteronomy Capítulo 16
1
De 16:1-22.
简体中文
Original em inglês
De 16:1-22.
THE FEAST OF THE PASSOVER.
1. Observe the month of Abib--or first-fruits. It comprehended the latter part of our March and the beginning of April. Green ears of the barley, which were then full, were offered as first-fruits, on the second day of the passover.
for in the month of Abib the Lord thy God brought thee out of Egypt by night--This statement is apparently at variance with the prohibition
(Ex 12:22)
as well as with the recorded fact that their departure took place in the morning
(Ex 13:3; Nu 33:3).
But it is susceptible of easy reconciliation. Pharaoh's permission, the first step of emancipation, was extorted during the night, the preparations for departure commenced, the rendezvous at Rameses made, and the march entered on in the morning.
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2. 你当献逾越节的祭——并非指逾越节的羊羔（那才是严格而真正意义上的逾越节祭物）。此处指整个节期，这一点可从提及节期随后几日所当献的附加祭牲
（民 28:18, 19； 代下 35:8, 9），
以及所论七天持续食用无酵饼的话看出，因为逾越节本身的祭物是一次吃完的。我们眼前的这些话，等同于「你要守逾越节」。
Original em inglês
2. Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover--not the paschal lamb, which was strictly and properly the passover. The whole solemnity is here meant, as is evident from the mention of the additional victims that required to be offered on the subsequent days of the feast
(Nu 28:18, 19; 2Ch 35:8, 9),
and from the allusion to the continued use of unleavened bread for seven days, whereas the passover itself was to be eaten at once. The words before us are equivalent to "thou shalt observe the feast of the passover."
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3. 七日要吃无酵饼——一种发酸、味劣、无益健康的饼，作为对在埃及受苦、以及他们匆忙启程、来不及让早晨的面团发酵的纪念。
Original em inglês
3. seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread--a sour, unpleasant, unwholesome kind of bread, designed to be a memorial of their Egyptian misery and of the haste with which they departed, not allowing time for their morning dough to ferment.
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5, 6. 你不可在各献祭逾越节——逾越节只能在会幕或圣殿的院内举行，因为它不仅是宗教的筵席或圣礼场合，而是一项真正的献祭
(出 12:27; 23:18; 34:25)。
血必须洒在祭坛上，并在那真正逾越羔羊日后为我们被献之处献上——"在黄昏的时候，太阳落山时"——原文是"在两个黄昏之间"。
Original em inglês
5, 6. Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy gates--The passover was to be observed nowhere but in the court of the tabernacle or temple, as it was not a religious feast or sacramental occasion merely, but an actual sacrifice
(Ex 12:27; 23:18; 34:25).
The blood had to be sprinkled on the altar and in the place where the true Passover was afterwards to be sacrificed for us "at even, at the going down of the sun"--literally, "between the evenings."
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6. 在那里——指月份和日子，或许不是精确的时辰。在逾越节前夕——即四小时之内——必须宰杀的大量祭牲，在某些作者看来是极大的难处。但事奉的祭司人数众多，他们在预备祭物上的熟练技巧、院子的广阔、燔祭坛的非凡尺寸，以及举行庄严典礼的井然有序的方法，使数小时即可完成的事变得轻松——否则要花同样多的天数。
Original em inglês
6. at the season--that is, the month and day, though not perhaps the precise hour. The immense number of victims that had to be immolated on the eve of the passover--that is, within a space of four hours--has appeared to some writers a great difficulty. But the large number of officiating priests, their dexterity and skill in the preparation of the sacrifices, the wide range of the court, the extraordinary dimensions of the altar of burnt offering and orderly method of conducting the solemn ceremonial, rendered it easy to do that in a few hours, which would otherwise have required as many days.
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7. 你当烤了吃——（参
出 12:8；
并参
代下 35:13）。
到了早晨，你要回自己的帐棚去——这话第一眼看来，似乎指第一日——即逾越节前夕——的次日早晨。然而，这节期由神所定的持续期间、其庄严性质与重要目的、百姓从各地远道而来参与、以及他们全程留驻的记范例证
(代下 30:21 35:17)，
（尽管这些可视为特殊情况、因而属例外）也许足以支持如下结论：许可百姓回家的时辰，是在七日节期完毕之后的早晨。
Original em inglês
7. thou shalt roast and eat it--(See on
Ex 12:8;
compare
2Ch 35:13).
thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto thy tents--The sense of this passage, on the first glance of the words, seems to point to the morning after the first day--the passover eve. Perhaps, however, the divinely appointed duration of this feast, the solemn character and important object, the journey of the people from the distant parts of the land to be present, and the recorded examples of their continuing all the time
(2Ch 30:21 35:17),
(though these may be considered extraordinary, and therefore exceptional occasions), may warrant the conclusion that the leave given to the people to return home was to be on the morning after the completion of the seven days.
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9-12. 七七节你要数算——七七节，即一个"七的七"的节期：五旬节（参
利 23:10；
又参
出 34:22; 徒 2:1）。
正如在逾越节第二日献上特意割取的一捆新大麦，照样在五旬节第二日献上一捆新麦作为初熟之果
(出 23:16; 民 28:26)，
这是向神为祂属地恩赐所献上甘心、自发的感恩之祭。这一节期的设立是为纪念律法的赐下——就是那滋养人灵魂的属灵粮食
(申 8:3)。
Original em inglês
9-12. Seven weeks shalt thou number--The feast of weeks, or a WEEK OF WEEKS: the feast of pentecost (see on
Le 23:10;
also see
Ex 34:22; Ac 2:1).
As on the second day of the passover a sheaf of new barley, reaped on purpose, was offered, so on the second day of pentecost a sheaf of new wheat was presented as first-fruits
(Ex 23:16; Nu 28:26),
a freewill, spontaneous tribute of gratitude to God for His temporal bounties. This feast was instituted in memory of the giving of the law, that spiritual food by which man's soul is nourished
(De 8:3).
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13-17. 你要守住棚节七日——（参
出 23:14；
利 23:34；
民 29:12)。
对于为何在整个秋收之后设立此节，有各种推测。有人以为旨在提醒以色列人记念从前没有麦田可割、每日以吗哪为粮的时日；另有人认为这一时节比一年中任何其他时节更适合住在棚里；又有人以为是摩西第二次从山上下来的时节；还有第四派人认为，此节定在一年中"道成了肉身、住——原文作'搭棚'——在我们中间"
(约 1:14)
的时节，因基督正是在那季节降生。
Original em inglês
13-17. Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days--(See on
Ex 23:14;
Le 23:34;
Nu 29:12).
Various conjectures have been formed to account for the appointment of this feast at the conclusion of the whole harvest. Some imagine that it was designed to remind the Israelites of the time when they had no cornfields to reap but were daily supplied with manna; others think that it suited the convenience of the people better than any other period of the year for dwelling in booths; others that it was the time of Moses' second descent from the mount; while a fourth class are of opinion that this feast was fixed to the time of the year when the Word was made flesh and dwelt--literally, "tabernacled"--among us
(Joh 1:14),
Christ being actually born at that season.
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15. 在你一切所办的事上……都要欢乐——即以火热、高昂的心赞美神。按犹太传统，这些大节期中不得举行婚礼，以免个人的或私人的欢庆与公众和国家的庆典相混。
Original em inglês
15. in all the works of thine hands . . . rejoice--that is, praising God with a warm and elevated heart. According to Jewish tradition, no marriages were allowed to be celebrated during these great festivals, that no personal or private rejoicings might be mingled with the demonstrations of public and national gladness.
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16. 你一切的男丁要一年三次朝见主耶和华你的神——没有命令妇女去踏上这些旅程，部分是顾到她们性别的天然软弱，部分是为她们的家务。
Original em inglês
16. Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the Lord thy God--No command was laid on women to undertake the journeys, partly from regard to the natural weakness of their sex, and partly to their domestic cares.
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18-20. 你要设立审判官和官长——后者指传令官或法警，负责执行上级的判决。
在各城门里——城门是以色列人和其他东方人公众聚集之处，在那里办理事务、审理案件。奥斯曼帝国的"Porte"（最高政府）之名即源于在其各门施行司法。
Original em inglês
18-20. Judges and officers shalt thou make--These last meant heralds or bailiffs, employed in executing the sentence of their superiors.
in all thy gates--The gate was the place of public resort among the Israelites and other Eastern people, where business was transacted and causes decided. The Ottoman Porte derived its name from the administration of justice at its gates.
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21. 你不可为自己栽种木偶——"木偶"（grove）在圣经中有多种含义——一片荫蔽的树丛，或装饰着献给某位神祇之祭坛的丛林，或丛林中的木像
(士 6:25; 王下 23:4-6)。
它们可设在旷野中所筑的土制临时祭坛旁，但在会幕或圣殿中不得存在。它们连同其通常的附属物，是引人陷入偶像崇拜的强烈诱惑；因此以色列人被禁止栽种。
Original em inglês
21. Thou shalt not plant thee a grove--A grove has in Scripture a variety of significations--a group of overshadowing trees, or a grove adorned with altars dedicated to a particular deity, or a wooden image in a grove
(Jud 6:25; 2Ki 23:4-6).
They might be placed near the earthen and temporary altars erected in the wilderness, but they could not exist either at the tabernacle or temples. They were places, which, with their usual accompaniments, presented strong allurements to idolatry; and therefore the Israelites were prohibited from planting them.
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22. 你也不可为自己设立柱像——此处译作"像"实为错误，原文是"柱"；各种材质（木或石）的柱像被竖立在祭坛附近。有时呈锥形或长方形，有时则作为偶像雕像的台座。人对此存有迷信的敬畏，故被禁止。
Original em inglês
22. Neither shalt thou set thee up any image--erroneously rendered so for "pillar"; pillars of various kinds, and materials of wood or stone were erected in the neighborhood of altars. Sometimes they were conical or oblong, at other times they served as pedestals for the statues of idols. A superstitious reverence was attached to them, and hence they were forbidden.
申 16:1-22。
逾越节。
1. 要注意亚笔月——即初熟之月。它包括我们三月末至四月初的时节。当时大麦已长满青穗，在逾越节的第二日作为初熟的果子献上。
因为耶和华你的神在亚笔月领你出埃及……是在夜间——这话似乎与禁令
（出 12:22）
相抵触，也与他们实际是在早晨起行的记载
（出 13:3； 民 33:3）
不合。
但这并不难调和。法老的允准——得释放的第一步——是在夜间被逼出来的；预备起行的工作随即开始，在兰塞集合，然后于早晨正式起程。