Comentário do capítulo
Deuteronomy Capítulo 19
1
De 19:1-13.
繁體中文
Original em inglês
De 19:1-13.
OF THE CITIES OF REFUGE.
2
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繁體中文
2. 你要在耶和華你神所賜你為業的地上，分定三座城——"報血仇"（Goelism），即最近的親屬為被殺的親人報仇的本分，是當時的慣例（至今仍存於阿拉伯人和其他東方民族中），摩西便以改良的形式將其納入他的律法。為保護誤殺者，他設立了若干逃城——約旦河東已指定三座作此用途
(申 4:41; 民 35:11)；
待迦南被征服後，約旦河西也要設立三座具同等特權的城。
在你地的中央——即處於顯眼而易於到達的位置，與國土各端及彼此之間距離相等。
Original em inglês
2. Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land--Goelism, or the duty of the nearest kinsmen to avenge the death of a slaughtered relative, being the customary law of that age (as it still is among the Arabs and other people of the East), Moses incorporated it in an improved form with his legislative code. For the protection of the unintentional homicide, he provided certain cities of refuge--three had been destined for this purpose on the east of Jordan
(De 4:41; Nu 35:11);
three were to be invested with the same privilege on the west of that river when Canaan should be conquered.
in the midst of thy land--in such a position that they would be conspicuous and accessible, and equidistant from the extremities of the land and from each other.
3
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繁體中文
3. 你要預備道路——通往逃城的路要保養完好，溪流河汊要架設堅固的橋梁；路寬定為三十二肘；在各十字路口要設立路標，上書Mekeleth, Mekeleth，即"避難所，避難所"。
將你的地……分作三部分——即從南到北的整個疆域。約旦河兩岸每側各三座城彼此相對，"如同葡萄園中兩行葡萄樹"（參
書 20:7）。
Original em inglês
3. Thou shalt prepare thee a way--The roads leading to them were to be kept in good condition and the brooks or rivers to be spanned by good bridges; the width of the roads was to be thirty-two cubits; and at all the crossroads signposts were to be erected with the words, Mekeleth, Mekeleth, "refuge, refuge," painted on them.
divide the coasts of thy land . . . into three parts--the whole extent of the country from the south to the north. The three cities on each side of Jordan were opposite to each other, "as two rows of vines in a vineyard" (see on
Jos 20:7).
6
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繁體中文
6, 7. 免得報血仇的心火熱追趕他——本節是
申 19:3
的延續（因為
申 19:4, 5
屬說明性質，為插敘形式），其意思是：若誤殺者的親屬在驟然激憤的衝動下，未經查問情由，對那殺人者——無論他何等無辜——施行當場報復，律法是容忍此類行為的；當予以免罪。但為了防止這種魯莽之舉，設立了逃城以收容殺人者，使"無辜之血不流在你的地上"
(申 19:10)。
若為蓄意謀殺
(申 19:11, 12)，
逃城並不提供庇護；但若只是誤殺，逃亡者一進城門，便尋得安全的避難所
(民 35:26-28; 書 20:6)。
Original em inglês
6, 7. Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot--This verse is a continuation of
De 19:3
(for
De 19:4, 5,
which are explanatory, are in a parenthetical form), and the meaning is that if the kinsman of a person inadvertently killed should, under the impulse of sudden excitement and without inquiring into the circumstances, inflict summary vengeance on the homicide, however guiltless, the law tolerated such an act; it was to pass with impunity. But to prevent such precipitate measures, the cities of refuge were established for the reception of the homicide, that "innocent blood might not be shed in thy land"
(De 19:10).
In the case of premeditated murder
(De 19:11, 12),
they afforded no immunity; but, if it were only manslaughter, the moment the fugitive was within the gates, he found himself in a safe asylum
(Nu 35:26-28; Jos 20:6).
8
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繁體中文
8, 9. 耶和華你神若照他所應許的，擴張你的境界——若他們的疆域延伸到從黑門山、基列直到伯拉大河之地
(參 創 15:18; 出 23:31)，
就要再設立三座額外的逃城。但經文隱約暗示，這最後一項安排將永不實現，因為以色列人不會履行條件，即"謹守誡命、愛耶和華、永遠行在他的道中"。事實上，那一帶地區雖然被大衛和所羅門征服，我們卻未見設立逃城；因為那兩位君王只是使原住民納貢，並未派以色列人去殖民。而且，逃城的特權僅賜予以色列人；再者，那塊被征服的地區也沒有長久留在希伯來君王的權下。
Original em inglês
8, 9. And if the Lord thy God enlarge thy coast--Three additional sanctuaries were to be established in the event of their territory extending over the country from Hermon and Gilead to the Euphrates (see
Ge 15:18; Ex 23:31).
But it was obscurely hinted that this last provision would never be carried into effect, as the Israelites would not fulfil the conditions, namely, "that of keeping the commandments, to love the Lord, and walk ever in his ways." In point of fact, although that region was brought into subjection by David and Solomon, we do not find that cities of refuge were established; because those sovereigns only made the ancient inhabitants tributary, instead of sending a colony of Israelites to possess it. The privilege of sanctuary cities, however, was given only for Israelites; and besides, that conquered territory did not remain long under the power of the Hebrew kings.
14
De 19:14.
繁體中文
申 19:14.
地界不可挪移。
14. 你不可挪移你鄰舍的地界，那是先人所定的——巴勒斯坦關於圈地的情形，自古至今大體相同。園子和葡萄園雖有乾石牆或仙人掌籬笆圍繞，但耕地的邊界不過以一條小溝、一個小石堆，或一塊豎立的石頭、按一定間隔放置來標明。顯然，一個不誠實的人很容易用土填滿溝渠，或將這些石頭移動幾英尺而不易被發覺，從而以暗中蠶食鄰舍之地來擴大自己的田畝。因此設立這條律法，正是為防止這類侵犯。
Original em inglês
De 19:14.
THE LANDMARK IS NOT TO BE REMOVED.
14. Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old have set in thine inheritance--The state of Palestine in regard to enclosures is very much the same now as it has always been. Though gardens and vineyards are surrounded by dry-stone walls or hedges of prickly pear, the boundaries of arable fields are marked by nothing but by a little trench, a small cairn, or a single erect stone, placed at certain intervals. It is manifest that a dishonest person could easily fill the gutter with earth, or remove these stones a few feet without much risk of detection and so enlarge his own field by a stealthy encroachment on his neighbor's. This law, then, was made to prevent such trespasses.
15
De 19:15.
繁體中文
申 19:15.
須有兩個見證人。
15. 人無論犯甚麼罪，作甚麼惡，不可憑一個人的口作見證——以下關於在公眾法庭上接納證據的規則，是建立在自然正義的原則之上。單一個見證人不足以定被告的罪。
Original em inglês
De 19:15.
TWO WITNESSES REQUIRED.
15. One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity--The following rules to regulate the admission of testimony in public courts are founded on the principles of natural justice. A single witness shall not be admitted to the condemnation of an accused person.
16
De 19:16-21.
繁體中文
申 19:16-21.
對假見證人的懲罰。
16-21. 若被定為作假見證，這就足以定他自己的罪，他所受的刑罰要與他那惡意控告的對象本將遭遇的完全相同。
(參 出 21:23;
亦參 利 24:20)。
Original em inglês
De 19:16-21.
PUNISHMENT OF A FALSE WITNESS.
16-21. But if convicted of perjury, it will be sufficient for his own condemnation, and his punishment shall be exactly the same as would have overtaken the object of his malignant prosecution. (See on
Ex 21:23;
see also
Le 24:20).
申 19:1-13.
論逃城。