Comentário do capítulo
Deuteronomy Capítulo 23
1
De 23:1-25.
简体中文
Original em inglês
De 23:1-25.
WHO MAY AND WHO MAY NOT ENTER INTO THE CONGREGATION.
1-3. He that is wounded . . ., shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord--"To enter into the congregation of the Lord" means either admission to public honors and offices in the Church and State of Israel, or, in the case of foreigners, incorporation with that nation by marriage. The rule was that strangers and foreigners, for fear of friendship or marriage connections with them leading the people into idolatry, were not admissible till their conversion to the Jewish faith. But this passage describes certain limitations of the general rule. The following parties were excluded from the full rights and privileges of citizenship: (1) Eunuchs--It was a very ancient practice for parents in the East by various arts to mutilate their children, with a view to training them for service in the houses of the great. (2) Bastards--Such an indelible stigma in both these instances was designed as a discouragement to practices that were disgraceful, but too common from intercourse with foreigners. (3) Ammonites and Moabites--Without provocation they had combined to engage a soothsayer to curse the Israelites; and had further endeavored, by ensnaring them into the guilt and licentious abominations of idolatry, to seduce them from their allegiance to God.
3
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简体中文
3. 就是到第十代也必不可入——许多著名学者认为，这 exclusion（排斥）之律只适用于男性；无论如何，此处是以确定的数目代表不确定的数目
(尼 13:1; 得 4:10; 王下 10:2)。
许多以色列人定居在约旦河东，紧邻这些民族，神便在他们之间筑起这道隔墙，以防不良交往带来的后果。要以东人和埃及人得到更宽厚的对待——对前者，因他们与以色列的近亲关系；对后者，因他们对雅各一家早年的款待，以及出埃及时个别埃及人向他们所施的诸多善举
(出 12:36)。
以东或埃及归化者的孙辈被宣布可享有与本国以色列人同等的完全公民权；借这一特别的规定，神以实际的功课教导祂的百姓，对特别的善行要心怀慷慨与感恩，而忘记从这两个国家所受的一切逼迫和恶待。
Original em inglês
3. even to the their tenth generation shall they not enter--Many eminent writers think that this law of exclusion was applicable only to males; at all events that a definite is used for an indefinite number
(Ne 13:1; Ru 4:10; 2Ki 10:2).
Many of the Israelites being established on the east side of Jordan in the immediate neighborhood of those people, God raised this partition wall between them to prevent the consequences of evil communications. More favor was to be shown to Edomites and Egyptians--to the former from their near relationship to Israel; and to the latter, from their early hospitalities to the family of Jacob, as well as the many acts of kindness rendered them by private Egyptians at the Exodus
(Ex 12:36).
The grandchildren of Edomite or Egyptian proselytes were declared admissible to the full rights of citizenship as native Israelites; and by this remarkable provision, God taught His people a practical lesson of generosity and gratitude for special deeds of kindness, to the forgetfulness of all the persecution and ill services sustained from those two nations.
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简体中文
9-14. 你出去与仇敌争战的时候，就要谨守自己，不可沾染一切恶事——既要防备军营生活所易生的放纵，也要防备个人疏忽和不洁的习惯。
Original em inglês
9-14. When the host goeth forth against thine enemies, then keep thee from every wicked thing--from the excesses incident to camp life, as well as from habits of personal neglect and impurity.
15
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15, 16. 若有奴仆脱离主人逃到你那里，你不可将他交付他的主人——显然是迦南人或某个邻族的奴仆，因暴虐的压迫被驱使，或为要归信真教，逃到以色列中寻求庇护。
Original em inglês
15, 16. Thou shalt not deliver unto his master the servant which has escaped from his master unto thee--evidently a servant of the Canaanites or some of the neighboring people, who was driven by tyrannical oppression, or induced, with a view of embracing the true religion, to take refuge in Israel.
19
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简体中文
19, 20. 你借给弟兄，不可取利……借给外邦人可以取利——以色列人生活在简朴的社会状态中，因此受鼓励以友好的方式彼此借贷，不指望获利。但对外人情形不同：他们从事贸易商业，为扩充资本而借贷，合理地应期望为借款支付利息。此外，这一区分极有利于保持以色列人与世界其余部分的分别。
Original em inglês
19, 20. Thou shalt not lend upon usury to thy brother . . . Unto a stranger thou mayest lend upon usury--The Israelites lived in a simple state of society, and hence they were encouraged to lend to each other in a friendly way without any hope of gain. But the case was different with foreigners, who, engaged in trade and commerce, borrowed to enlarge their capital, and might reasonably be expected to pay interest on their loans. Besides, the distinction was admirably conducive to keeping the Israelites separate from the rest of the world.
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简体中文
21, 22. 你向耶和华你的神许愿——（参
民 30:2)。
Original em inglês
21, 22. When thou shalt vow a vow--(See on
Nu 30:2).
24
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简体中文
24, 25. 你进了邻舍的葡萄园，可以随意吃饱葡萄——葡萄园正如下一节所提的麦田
[申 23:25]，
常常没有围篱。在产葡萄的国家，葡萄极其便宜；因此一个人伸手所及的一切都是免费的，无须惊讶；所摘的数量是园主从未感觉到的损失，这是对穷人和过路者的一项仁慈特权。
Original em inglês
24, 25. When thou comest into thy neighbour's vineyard, then thou mayest eat grapes thy fill at thine own pleasure--Vineyards, like cornfields mentioned in the next verse
[De 23:25],
were often unenclosed. In vine-growing countries grapes are amazingly cheap; and we need not wonder, therefore, that all within reach of a person's arm, was free; the quantity plucked was a loss never felt by the proprietor, and it was a kindly privilege afforded to the poor and wayfaring man.
申 23:1-25。
何人可入会众、何人不可入会众。
1-3. 凡外肾受伤的……不可入耶和华的会——「入耶和华的会」意指获准在以色列的教会与国家中担任公共尊荣与官职，或对外邦人而言，藉婚姻与那国合并为一。其通则是：外人及外邦人为恐怕与他们结交或通婚会导致百姓陷入偶像崇拜，在他们归依犹太信仰之前一概不予接纳。但本段记载了对这通则的若干限制。以下几类人被排除于公民完全的权利与特权之外：（1）阉人——在东方，父母用种种手法阉割自己的孩子，以期培养他们在豪门中服役，这是一种由来已久的做法。（2）私生子——在这两种情形中所加上的不可磨灭的耻辱，旨在遏制那些虽属可耻、却因与外邦人交往而过于普遍的恶习。（3）亚扪人与摩押人——他们毫无缘由地合伙雇请一名占卜者来咒诅以色列人；更进一步的，还企图以引诱以色列人陷入偶像崇拜的罪与淫乱可憎之事，使他们背离对神的忠贞。