Comentário do capítulo
Deuteronomy Capítulo 4
1
De 4:1-13.
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Original em inglês
De 4:1-13.
AN EXHORTATION TO OBEDIENCE.
1. hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you--By statutes were meant all ordinances respecting religion and the rites of divine worship; and by judgments, all enactments relative to civil matters. The two embraced the whole law of God.
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2. 我所吩咐你們的話，你們不可加添——即引入任何我所未曾指定的異教迷信或敬拜形式
(申 12:32; 民 15:39; 太 15:9)。
也不可刪減——即忽略或遺漏我所吩咐的任何規條，無論多麼瑣碎或令人厭煩。古代安排的特性和條款，都是出於神的智慧而適合那幼稚階段之教會的教導。但它只是一項暫時的經綸；雖然神在此授權摩西命令一切制度都當受不間斷的遵行，這並不妨礙祂在那安排的目的達成時，委派其他先知加以更改或廢除。
Original em inglês
2. Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you--by the introduction of any heathen superstition or forms of worship different from those which I have appointed
(De 12:32; Nu 15:39; Mt 15:9).
neither shall ye diminish aught from it--by the neglect or omission of any of the observances, however trivial or irksome, which I have prescribed. The character and provisions of the ancient dispensation were adapted with divine wisdom to the instruction of that infant state of the church. But it was only a temporary economy; and although God here authorizes Moses to command that all its institutions should be honored with unfailing observance, this did not prevent Him from commissioning other prophets to alter or abrogate them when the end of that dispensation was attained.
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3, 4. 你們親眼看見耶和華因巴力毗珥所行的一切事……耶和華你的神已經將他們從你們中間滅絕了——可見
(民 25:1-9)
那事件中，瘟疫與公義之劍只追上罪人，其餘的百姓則蒙了保全。對這一最近而可畏之審判的引述，正是反對偶像崇拜的有力勸阻；而所提的事實，對知情且深有感受的百姓必能留下深刻印象。
Original em inglês
3, 4. Your eyes have seen what the Lord did because of Baal-peor . . . the Lord thy God hath destroyed them from among you--It appears that the pestilence and the sword of justice overtook only the guilty in that affair
(Nu 25:1-9)
while the rest of the people were spared. The allusion to that recent and appalling judgment was seasonably made as a powerful dissuasive against idolatry, and the fact mentioned was calculated to make a deep impression on people who knew and felt the truth of it.
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5, 6. 在萬民眼前的智慧、聰明……他們聽見這一切律例——摩西預言，他們忠實地遵行所賜的律法，將提升其民族的智慧和見識。事實上確然如此；因為雖然異教世界普遍嘲笑希伯來人，視其排他性為愚拙可笑，但一些最傑出的哲學家卻對猶太教的根本原則——神的獨一性——表達了極高的欽佩；他們的立法者也從希伯來人的憲制中借鑒了一些律法。
Original em inglês
5, 6. this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations, which shall hear all these statutes--Moses predicted that the faithful observance of the laws given them would raise their national character for intelligence and wisdom. In point of fact it did do so; for although the heathen world generally ridiculed the Hebrews for what they considered a foolish and absurd exclusiveness, some of the most eminent philosophers expressed the highest admiration of the fundamental principle in the Jewish religion--the unity of God; and their legislators borrowed some laws from the constitution of the Hebrews.
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7-9. 哪一大國有這樣的神——他在此以如此鮮明而全面的措辭描繪他們的特權和責任，格外能抓住他們的注意力、激發他們的關注。前者即他們民族的優勢
(申 4:7, 8)，
有兩方面：第一，神隨時樂意垂聽並幫助他們；第二，他們所受教導的宗教之卓越，表現於摩西律法中所含"這一切律例典章如此公義"之中。與這些超越優勢相應的本分也有兩方面：第一，他們自己要忠實遵行那律法；第二，他們有責任將同樣敬重尊重之情灌輸給年輕一代的心思。
Original em inglês
7-9. what nation is there so great--Here he represents their privileges and their duty in such significant and comprehensive terms, as were peculiarly calculated to arrest their attention and engage their interest. The former, their national advantages, are described
(De 4:7, 8),
and they were twofold: 1. God's readiness to hear and aid them at all times; and 2. the excellence of that religion in which they were instructed, set forth in the "statutes and judgments so righteous" which the law of Moses contained. Their duty corresponding to these pre-eminent advantages as a people, was also twofold: 1. their own faithful obedience to that law; and 2. their obligation to imbue the minds of the young and rising generation with similar sentiments of reverence and respect for it.
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10. 你在何烈山站在耶和華你神的那日——西奈頒佈律法是以色列歷史上永不可忘的紀元。摩西所講論的聽眾中，有些當時曾在場，雖然年幼；其餘的人則由其父母在聖約上代表——父母以他們的名義、為他們的利益，進入了這國家的盟約。
Original em inglês
10. the day that thou stoodest before the Lord . . . in Horeb--The delivery of the law from Sinai was an era never to be forgotten in the history of Israel. Some of those whom Moses was addressing had been present, though very young; while the rest were federally represented by their parents, who in their name and for their interest entered into the national covenant.
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12. 你們只聽見聲音，卻沒有看見形像——雖然從山上發出清晰可辨的聲音，但說話的神並沒有可見的形狀或代表來顯示祂的本性或屬性——不像異邦人的觀念那樣。
Original em inglês
12. ye heard the voice of the words, but saw no similitude--Although articulate sounds were heard emanating from the mount, no form or representation of the Divine Being who spoke was seen to indicate His nature or properties according to the notions of the heathen.
14
De 4:14-40.
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申 4:14-40.
反對拜偶像的特別勸戒。
Original em inglês
De 4:14-40. A PARTICULAR DISSUASIVE AGAINST IDOLATRY.
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15. 你們要……分外謹慎……因為你們沒有看見任何形像——以色列人因處於已沉溺於拜偶像誘惑的四周列國之中，極易受拜偶像的影響，這正解釋了為何他們被屢層提醒一個事實：神在西奈山上並非以任何可見的形狀顯現；基於這一非凡的情形，他們受到懇切的告誡，不僅不可製造假神的形像，也不可製造任何對真神的臆想形像。
Original em inglês
15. Take . . . good heed . . . for ye saw no manner of similitude--The extreme proneness of the Israelites to idolatry, from their position in the midst of surrounding nations already abandoned to its seductions, accounts for their attention being repeatedly drawn to the fact that God did not appear on Sinai in any visible form; and an earnest caution, founded on that remarkable circumstance, is given to beware, not only of making representations of false gods, but also any fancied representation of the true God.
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16-19. 免得你們敗壞自己，製造偶像——此處具體列出了神禁止為敬拜而造其形像或代表的那些事物；從所涉及的各種細節，可以看出當時拜偶像的盛行程度。無論拜偶像的起源為何——是出於借那些似乎最能證明神大能的事物來敬拜真神的意圖，還是以為事物本身有神性寓於其中——自然中幾乎沒有一種元素或對象不被神化。迦南人和埃及人尤其如此，這告誡無疑主要針對他們的迷信之舉。前者拜巴力和亞斯他錄，後者拜俄西里斯和伊西斯，都以一雄一雌的形象為代表。動物崇拜以埃及為最盛，因為那地的人將牛、母牛、綿羊、山羊、狗、貓、猿猴等獸類，朱鷺、鷹、鶴等禽類，鱷魚、蛙、甲蟲等爬蟲類，以及尼羅河的一切魚類都加以神化；其中如俄西里斯和伊西斯受全埃及敬拜，其餘的僅在某些省份受拜。此外他們還奉行星宿崇拜——埃及人與其他許多民族一樣，其崇拜擴及整個天上的星宿。此處之所以如此詳盡地記述迦南和埃及的偶像崇拜，是因為以色列人過去和將來都與這一切形式的偶像崇拜密切接觸。
Original em inglês
16-19. Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image--The things are here specified of which God prohibited any image or representation to be made for the purposes of worship; and, from the variety of details entered into, an idea may be formed of the extensive prevalence of idolatry in that age. In whatever way idolatry originated, whether from an intention to worship the true God through those things which seemed to afford the strongest evidences of His power, or whether a divine principle was supposed to reside in the things themselves, there was scarcely an element or object of nature but was deified. This was particularly the case with the Canaanites and Egyptians, against whose superstitious practices the caution, no doubt, was chiefly directed. The former worshipped Baal and Astarte, the latter Osiris and Isis, under the figure of a male and a female. It was in Egypt that animal-worship most prevailed, for the natives of that country deified among beasts the ox, the heifer, the sheep, and the goat, the dog, the cat, and the ape; among birds, the ibis, the hawk, and the crane; among reptiles, the crocodile, the frog, and the beetle; among fishes, all the fish of the Nile; some of these, as Osiris and Isis, were worshipped over all Egypt, the others only in particular provinces. In addition they embraced the Zabian superstition, the adoration of the Egyptians, in common with that of many other people, extending to the whole starry host. The very circumstantial details here given of the Canaanitish and Egyptian idolatry were owing to the past and prospective familiarity of the Israelites with it in all these forms.
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20. 耶和華將你們領出來，脫離鐵爐——即熔鐵的爐。這種爐呈圓形，有時深達三十英尺，需要最高的熱度。如此驚人的意象正是被選來代表以色列人的奴役和苦難〔ROSENMULLER〕。
特作自己的子民——祂歷世歷代的特殊產業；因此你們若放棄祂的敬拜而轉向偶像——尤其是埃及人所盛行的那粗鄙而敗壞的偶像崇拜系統——便是最大的愚妄、最深的忘恩。
Original em inglês
20. But the Lord hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron furnace--that is, furnace for smelting iron. A furnace of this kind is round, sometimes thirty feet deep, and requiring the highest intensity of heat. Such is the tremendous image chosen to represent the bondage and affliction of the Israelites [ROSENMULLER].
to be unto him a people of inheritance--His peculiar possession from age to age; and therefore for you to abandon His worship for that of idols, especially the gross and debasing system of idolatry that prevails among the Egyptians, would be the greatest folly--the blackest ingratitude.
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26. 我今日呼天喚地對你們作見證——這種莊嚴的起誓形式，在各民族的特殊場合中均屬常見。此處為比喻用法，正如聖經其他章節中，無生命之物被召作見證一樣
(申 32:1; 賽 1:2)。
Original em inglês
26. I call heaven and earth to witness against you--This solemn form of adjuration has been common in special circumstances among all people. It is used here figuratively, or as in other parts of Scripture where inanimate objects are called up as witnesses
(De 32:1; Isa 1:2).
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28. 在那裡你們必事奉人手所造的神——他們暴虐的征服者所採取的強制手段，會迫使他們陷入拜偶像之中，以致他們的選擇成為他們的刑罰。
Original em inglês
28. there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands--The compulsory measures of their tyrannical conquerors would force them into idolatry, so that their choice would become their punishment.
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30. 日後你遭遇患難，受這一切事的時候，你必歸回耶和華你的神——或指他們被擄期限屆滿之時，那時他們顯出悔改和信心的回歸之靈；或指彌賽亞的時代——通常稱為"末後的日子"——那時以色列分散的支派必歸信基督的福音。這一可喜事件的發生，將是
申 4:31
所應許之真實性的最光輝的證明。
Original em inglês
30. in the latter days, if thou turn to the Lord thy God--either towards the destined close of their captivities, when they evinced a returning spirit of repentance and faith, or in the age of Messiah, which is commonly called "the latter days," and when the scattered tribes of Israel shall be converted to the Gospel of Christ. The occurrence of this auspicious event will be the most illustrious proof of the truth of the promise made in
De 4:31.
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41-43. 那時摩西在約旦河東，向日出之地，分定三座城——
(參 書 20:7)。
Original em inglês
41-43. Then Moses severed three cities on this side Jordan--(See on
Jos 20:7).
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44-49. 摩西在以色列人面前所陳明的律法——這是律法重申的序言，以下數章便是其內容，並加上了各種說明的情節。
Original em inglês
44-49. this is the law which Moses set before the children of Israel--This is a preface to the rehearsal of the law, which, with the addition of various explanatory circumstances, the following chapters contain.
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46. 伯毗珥——即"毗珥的殿"或"毗珥的廟"。很可能當摩西在力陳神對他們敬拜的專有要求時，這座摩押偶像的廟宇正矗立在希伯來營寨的視野之內；倘若這就是那麼多以色列人曾嚴重得罪神的廟宇，這一暗指便意味深長。
Original em inglês
46. Beth-peor--that is, "house" or "temple of Peor." It is probable that a temple of this Moabite idol stood in full view of the Hebrew camp, while Moses was urging the exclusive claims of God to their worship, and this allusion would be very significant if it were the temple where so many of the Israelites had grievously offended.
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49. 毗斯迦山下——更常稱為亞斯他錄毗斯迦
(申 3:17; 書 12:3; 13:20)，
即約旦河以東山脈的根部或山腳。
Original em inglês
49. The springs of Pisgah--more frequently, Ashdoth-pisgah
(De 3:17; Jos 12:3; 13:20),
the roots or foot of the mountains east of the Jordan.
申 4:1-13.
勸勉順服。
1. 以色列人哪，現在我所教訓你們的律例典章，你們要聽從——"律例"指一切關乎宗教和敬拜禮儀的條例；"典章"指一切關乎民事的法規。兩者合起來涵蓋了神全部的律法。