Comentário do capítulo
Genesis Capítulo 4
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Ge 4:1-26.
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Original em inglês
Ge 4:1-26.
BIRTH OF CAIN AND ABEL.
1. Eve said, I have gotten a man from the Lord--that is, "by the help of the Lord"--an expression of pious gratitude--and she called him Cain, that is, "a possession," as if valued above everything else; while the arrival of another son reminding Eve of the misery she had entailed on her offspring, led to the name Abel, that is, either weakness, vanity
(Ps 39:5),
or grief, lamentation. Cain and Abel were probably twins; and it is thought that, at this early period, children were born in pairs
(Ge 5:4)
[CALVIN].
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2. 亚伯是牧羊的——直译为“羊群的喂养者”，在东方国家里，羊群总是包括山羊和绵羊。亚伯虽年幼，却先被提及，大概因他信仰品格的优越。
Original em inglês
2. Abel was a keeper of sheep--literally, "a feeder of a flock," which, in Oriental countries, always includes goats as well as sheep. Abel, though the younger, is mentioned first, probably on account of the pre-eminence of his religious character.
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3. 有一日——希伯来文作“日子的末了”，大概指安息日。
……把供物献给耶和华——二人借着献祭的举动本身，都表明了对神之存在的信心，以及对神当受他们敬畏敬拜之承认；若献祭的种类交由他们自己决定，那么一个献“地里的出产”，另一个献“羊群中头生的和脂油”
[Ge 4:4]，
岂不更属自然？
Original em inglês
3. in process of time--Hebrew, "at the end of days," probably on the Sabbath.
brought . . . an offering unto the Lord--Both manifested, by the very act of offering, their faith in the being of God and in His claims to their reverence and worship; and had the kind of offering been left to themselves, what more natural than that the one should bring "of the fruits of the ground," and that the other should bring "of the firstlings of his flock and the fat thereof"
[Ge 4:4].
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4. 耶和华看中了亚伯和他的供物，只是看不中该隐，等——“看中”在希伯来文意为“以锐利迫切的目光注视某物”，被译为“点燃成火”，故神对亚伯祭物的悦纳，乃以火将其焚烧表明（见
Ge 15:17； Jud 13:20)。
Original em inglês
4. the Lord had respect unto Abel, not unto Cain, &c.--The words, "had respect to," signify in Hebrew,--"to look at any thing with a keen earnest glance," which has been translated, "kindle into a fire," so that the divine approval of Abel's offering was shown in its being consumed by fire (see
Ge 15:17; Jud 13:20).
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7. 你若行得好，岂不蒙悦纳？——更好的译法是：“岂不有优越之权？”这是该词组的真义，指列祖时代长子所享的特权与权柄。
罪就伏在门前——罪，即赎罪祭——这是该词在圣经中常见的意义（如
Ho 4:8； 2Co 5:21； Heb 9:28)。
神对该隐的责备大意是：“你为什么发怒，以为受了不公的对待？你若行得好（即无辜无罪），感恩祭便会被悦纳，作为你受造之物依赖的记号。但你既行得不好（即是有罪的人），便需要赎罪祭，你若献上，便必蒙悦纳并保住长子名分的尊荣。”这话表明先前已有关于敬拜方式的指示；亚伯是因信献祭
(Heb 11:4)。
他必恋慕你——长子优先所赐的崇高分别，在
(Ge 27:29)
中有所描述；该隐的信念是：这尊荣因他的祭被拒而被收回，并赐给了他的幼弟——因此生出嫉妒的暗火，终至成为根深蒂固的仇恨和残忍的报复。
Original em inglês
7. If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted?--A better rendering is, "Shalt thou not have the excellency"? which is the true sense of the words referring to the high privileges and authority belonging to the first-born in patriarchal times.
sin lieth at the door--sin, that is, a sin offering--a common meaning of the word in Scripture (as in
Ho 4:8; 2Co 5:21; Heb 9:28).
The purport of the divine rebuke to Cain was this, "Why art thou angry, as if unjustly treated? If thou doest well (that is, wert innocent and sinless) a thank offering would have been accepted as a token of thy dependence as a creature. But as thou doest not well (that is, art a sinner), a sin offering is necessary, by bringing which thou wouldest have met with acceptance and retained the honors of thy birthright." This language implies that previous instructions had been given as to the mode of worship; Abel offered through faith
(Heb 11:4).
unto thee shall be his desire--The high distinction conferred by priority of birth is described
(Ge 27:29);
and it was Cain's conviction, that this honor had been withdrawn from him, by the rejection of his sacrifice, and conferred on his younger brother--hence the secret flame of jealousy, which kindled into a settled hatred and fell revenge.
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8. 该隐与他兄弟亚伯说话——他在兄弟亲密的幌子下，隐瞒了他预谋的目的，直到杀人的合适时间和地点来到
(1Jo 3:12； Jude 11)。
Original em inglês
8. And Cain talked with Abel his brother--Under the guise of brotherly familiarity, he concealed his premeditated purpose till a convenient time and place occurred for the murder
(1Jo 3:12; Jude 11).
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9. 我不知道——一句谎话。一罪引人犯另一罪。
Original em inglês
9. I know not--a falsehood. One sin leads to another.
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10. 你兄弟的血有声音从地里向我哀告——该隐为缓和嫌疑，大概正在从事敬虔的礼仪时，便直接从舍金那受到质问。
Original em inglês
10. the voice of thy brother's blood crieth unto me--Cain, to lull suspicion, had probably been engaging in the solemnities of religion when he was challenged directly from the Shekinah itself.
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11, 12. 地开了口……你必从这地受咒诅——这是在因亚当之罪而向地所宣告的一般咒诅之外，再加添的咒诅。
Original em inglês
11, 12. now art thou cursed from the earth--a curse superadded to the general one denounced on the ground for Adam's sin.
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12. 流离飘荡——被定罪永为流放者；堕落被弃的人；受良心控告的可怜受害者。
Original em inglês
12. a fugitive--condemned to perpetual exile; a degraded outcast; the miserable victim of an accusing conscience.
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13, 14. 该隐说……我的刑罚太重，过于我所能当——这是何等压倒性的悲惨之感；却无任何悔改的迹象，也无求赦的呼求。
Original em inglês
13, 14. And Cain said . . . My punishment is greater than I can bear--What an overwhelming sense of misery; but no sign of penitence, nor cry for pardon.
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14. 凡遇见我的必杀我——这表明当时世界的人口已相当增多。
Original em inglês
14. every one that findeth me shall slay me--This shows that the population of the world was now considerably increased.
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15. 凡杀该隐的——借着神特别的宽容，该隐的性命在那时人口尚少的人类中要被存留。
立一个记号——并不是额上任何可见的记号或烙印，而是某种保证其性命得保的记号或凭据。最好的作者认为这记号是他面貌上一种野蛮的凶猛，使他成为普世惊惧回避的对象。
Original em inglês
15. whosoever slayeth Cain--By a special act of divine forbearance, the life of Cain was to be spared in the then small state of the human race.
set a mark--not any visible mark or brand on his forehead, but some sign or token of assurance that his life would be preserved. This sign is thought by the best writers to have been a wild ferocity of aspect that rendered him an object of universal horror and avoidance.
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16. 耶和华的面——即伊甸所指定的敬拜之处。他离开那里，不仅与亲属断绝，更撇弃了宗教的礼仪，大概眼中再也不怕神，所以这人的末后比初时更不好
(Mt 12:45)。
挪得之地——即逃亡或流放之地——许多人认为是阿拉伯彼得雷亚——因他的缘故被咒诅成为不毛。
Original em inglês
16. presence of the Lord--the appointed place of worship at Eden. Leaving it, he not only severed himself from his relatives but forsook the ordinances of religion, probably casting off all fear of God from his eyes so that the last end of this man is worse than the first
(Mt 12:45).
land of Nod--of flight or exile--thought by many to have been Arabia-Petræa--which was cursed to sterility on his account.
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17-22. 建造了一座城——人类一直是在城市中取得最大的社会进步；该隐的几个后裔以他们在技艺上的发明天才著称。
Original em inglês
17-22. builded a city--It has been in cities that the human race has ever made the greatest social progress; and several of Cain's descendants distinguished themselves by their inventive genius in the arts.
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19. 拉麦娶了两个妻子——这是记录上头一次违背婚姻律，而多妻的实行，像一切别的违犯神所设立的制度一样，一直是败坏和祸患的丰沛源头。
Original em inglês
19. Lamech took unto him two wives--This is the first transgression of the law of marriage on record, and the practice of polygamy, like all other breaches of God's institutions, has been a fruitful source of corruption and misery.
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23, 24. 拉麦对他两个妻子说——这段话是诗体，大概是一首古诗的残篇，流传到摩西时代。它似乎暗示拉麦是在自卫时杀了一人，其用意是借着该蒙保守这件事，向他的妻子们保证，像他这样的非故意杀人者，绝不会有什么危险。
Original em inglês
23, 24. Lamech said unto his wives--This speech is in a poetical form, probably the fragment of an old poem, transmitted to the time of Moses. It seems to indicate that Lamech had slain a man in self-defense, and its drift is to assure his wives, by the preservation of Cain, that an unintentional homicide, as he was, could be in no danger.
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26. 那时候人才求告耶和华的名——更确切地译作"借着耶和华的名"。神的百姓，这大概是被世人轻蔑地用来称呼他们的名字。
Original em inglês
26. men began to call upon the name of the Lord--rather, by the name of the Lord. God's people, a name probably applied to them in contempt by the world.
Ge 4:1-26.
该隐与亚伯的出生。
1. 夏娃说，我从耶和华那里得了一个男子——即“藉着耶和华的帮助”——这是敬虔感恩的表达——她给他起名叫该隐，即“获得”，仿佛他比万物都宝贵；而另一个儿子的到来，使夏娃想起自己带给后裔的苦楚，便给他起名叫亚伯，即虚弱、虚空
(Ps 39:5)，
或悲伤、哀叹之意。该隐和亚伯可能是双胞胎；有人认为在这早期，孩子是成对出生的
(Ge 5:4)
〔CALVIN〕。